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Anglicisation (CwE) or Anglicization (NAE) is a process of making something English. For example, people may be Anglicised: an immigrant to England may be said to become Anglicised as he or she acclimates to the culture. However, Anglicisation is most commonly discussed in the more abstract context of language: language is said to become Anglicised as it becomes more like the English language. Jump to: navigation, search Commonwealth English is intended as a collective term for the perceived standard English language used in the Commonwealth of Nations1, applying in theory to Australian English, British English, Caribbean English, Canadian English, Hiberno-English (Irish English)2, Hong Kong English3, Indian English (includes Pakistani English), formal...
North American English is a collective term to describe the varieties of the English language that are spoken in the United States and Canada. ...
Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Anglicisation in language
There are two primary types of Anglicisation in language: Anglicising non-English words for use in the English language, and Anglicising non-English languages through the introduction of English words.
Anglicisation in English
Loanwords Non-English words may be Anglicised for use in English by changing their form and pronunciation to something more familiar to English speakers. For example, the Greek word aeroplano has been imported into (American) English in the modified form airplane. Changing endings in this manner is especially common, and is frequently seen when foreign words are imported into any language. Likewise, the English word damsel is an Anglicisation of the French demoiselle, meaning "little lady". Another common type of Anglicisation is the inclusion of a foreign article as part of a noun (such as algebra, lavolta). Fixed-wing aircraft is a term used to refer to what are more commonly known as aeroplanes in Commonwealth English (excluding Canada) or airplanes in North American English. ...
Article generally refers to a particular artifact. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Algebra is a branch of mathematics which studies structure and quantity. ...
The lavolta (plural: lavoltas) is an anglicized name for a Renaissance dance for couples from the later Renaissance. ...
Proper names Place names are commonly Anglicised, as in the Italian city of Napoli, known in English as Naples; or the German city of München (Munich). Such Anglicisation of place names was once universal: nearly all cities and people discussed in English writing up through the mid-20th century were called by Anglicised names. Towards the end of the 20th century, more direct use of non-English names in English began to become more common. With languages that use the same Latin alphabet as English, names are usually simply written in English exactly as they would be in the original language, often even with diacritical marks that do not normally exist in English. With languages that use non-Latin alphabets, such as the Arabic, Cyrillic, and Greek alphabets, a direct transliteration is typically used, with the goal being faithfulness to the original pronunciation rather than conformance to the norms of English. Jump to: navigation, search Location within Italy Naples (Italian Napoli, Neapolitan Napule, from Greek ÎÎα Πόλις - Néa Pólis - meaning New City; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania Region. ...
Jump to: navigation, search For the 2005 Steven Spielberg film, see Munich (film) Munich: Frauenkirche and Town Hall steeple Munich (German: München (pronounced listen) is the state capital of the German state of Bavaria. ...
(19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...
The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ...
A diacritic mark or accent mark is an additional mark added to a basic letter. ...
The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing the Arabic language. ...
The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ...
The Greek language is written in the Greek alphabet, developed in classical times (ca 9th century B.C.) and passed down to the present. ...
Transliteration in a narrow sense is a mapping from one system of writing into another. ...
In some cases this shift away from Anglicisation has become a matter of national pride—especially in regions that were once under colonial rule, where vestiges of European cultural domination are a sensitive subject—and the old names have been officially discouraged: China's Peking is now Beijing, and India's Bombay is now Mumbai. In other cases, firmly entrenched Anglicised names have remained in common use, especially where there is no polarizing national pride at stake: This is the case with Munich, Naples, Rome, Athens, and a host of other western European cities whose names have been familiar in their Anglicised forms for centuries. World map of colonialism circa 1945. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Beijing ▶(?) (Chinese: 北京; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Pei-ching; Postal System Pinyin: Peking) is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ...
Jump to: navigation, search Mumbai (Marathi: मà¥à¤‚बई ) (pronounced in Marathi, and in English), formerly known as Bombay is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and is the most populous Indian city with a 2005 estimated population of about 13 million. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Western Europe is distinguished from Eastern Europe by differences of history and culture rather than by geography. ...
Personal names were also heavily Anglicised, such as the German Johann (John), Russian Piotr (Peter), Greek Giorgos (George), and Hebrew Yeshua (Joshua). During the influx of large numbers of immigrants from Europe to the United States and Great Britain during the 19th and 20th centuries, the names of immigrants were changed. This was either by officials entering their names into immigration records or by the immigrants themselves to make their names more accessible to their new American or British neighbors. Jump to: navigation, search Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by 6 million people mainly in Israel, parts of the Palestinian territories, the United States and by Jewish communities around the world. ...
World map showing Europe (geographically) When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second-smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ...
One such example of an Anglicised name is the case of an 18th-century Luxembourger named Jochaim Grün, whose family name is the German word for Green. When his descendants moved to the United States in the mid 19th century, the family name was Anglicised to Green. An example of changing one's given name from fiction occurs in the 1987 movie The Untouchables, where one of the characters Anglicised his name from Giuseppe to George in order to assimilate into American society. Jump to: navigation, search A given name specifies and differentiates between members of a group of individuals, especially a family, all of whose members usually share the same family name. ...
Jump to: navigation, search 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Jump to: navigation, search The Untouchables is the name of a 1947 book by Eliot Ness and Oscar Fraley, and also of two television series and a motion picture that it inspired. ...
Personal names today are often Anglicised or not according to the preferences of the person whose name it is. Given name changes are less common today for Europeans coming to the United States than they are for people originating in East Asian countries. For instance, Xiangyun might be Anglicised to Sean (the pronunciations of "Xiang" and "Sean" being reasonably similar and more accessible to Westerners).
Anglicisation of other languages A more recent phenomenon is Anglicisation of other languages, in which words are borrowed from English, thereby making the other languages as a whole more like English. With the global rise in anglophone media and rapid spread of American culture in the 20th and 21st centuries, many English terms have entered popular use in other tongues. Technology-related English words like internet and computer are particularly common across the globe, as there were no pre-existing words in other languages for them. English words are sometimes imported verbatim, and sometimes adapted to the importing language in a process similar to the Anglicisation discussed in the previous section. In languages with non-Latin alphabets, these borrowed words are sometimes written in the Latin alphabet anyway, resulting in a text made up of a mixture of scripts; other times they are transliterated. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...
Jump to: navigation, search In calendars based on the Christian Era or Common Era, such as the Gregorian calendar, the 21st century is the current century, as of this writing. ...
In some countries such Anglicisation is seen as relatively benign, and the use of English words may even take on a chic aspect, seen as modern and advanced. This is especially true in Japan, where many local Japanese companies have even taken to marketing products for the domestic market using English or pseudo-English brand names and slogans, although other European languages such as French are also used occasionally. In other countries, Anglicisation is seen much more negatively—often as evidence of American cultural domination—and there are efforts by public-interest groups and governments to reverse the trend. A particularly notable example is France, where the Académie française creates neologisms — new French words — to describe technological inventions and encourages the use of those words in place of imported English terms. The Académie française, or French Academy, is the pre-eminent French learned body on matters pertaining to the French language. ...
A neologism is word, term, or phrase which has been recently created (coined) —often to apply to new concepts, or to reshape older terms in newer language form. ...
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