fishing
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Angling.

Angling is a method of fishing, specifically the practice of catching fish by means of an "angle" (hook). The hook is usually attached by a line to a fishing rod. A bite indicator such as a float is sometimes, but not always, used. Frequently, the rod is outfitted with a fishing reel that functions as a mechanism for storing, retrieving and paying out the line. The hook can be dressed with lures or bait. Generally, angling is thought of, principally, as a method of sport fishing but some commercial fisheries use methods which are quite similar. It is also the term of drawing lines at different angles, hence the term "angling" Fishermen in the harbor of Kochi, India. ... In the sport of fishing with a fishing rod, casting is the act of throwing the hook into the water, by quickly flicking the rod from behind the angler toward the water. ... Surf Fisherman Surf fishing is the sport of catching fish standing on the shoreline or wading in the surf. ... Beach casting is a popular form of dinning which is carried out through out inner africa. ... Bank fishing is a method of fishing from the bank or shoreline. ... Fly rod and reel with a wild brown trout from a chalk stream. ... A fiberglass spinning rod and reel circa 1997. ... Big-game fishing, sometimes called offshore sport fishing or offshore game fishing, is a form of recreational fishing, targeting large bony fish such as tuna and marlin in the open sea, often some distance from land and, in some fishing grounds, out of sight of land. ... Fishing off pier File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Fishing off pier File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Fishermen in the harbor of Kochi, India. ... For other uses, see Fish (disambiguation). ... Fishhook redirects here. ... Fishing line is any cord made for fishing. ... A fiberglass spinning rod and reel circa 1997. ... Different types of fishing floats. ... A spinning reel A fishing reel is a device used for the deployment and retrieval of fishing line using a spool mounted on an axle. ... In-line spinner lure with ring, dish, body/weight and hook In terms of sport fishing, a lure is an object attached to the end of the fishing line and designed to resemble and move like an item of fish prey. ... Bait is any substance used to attract prey, e. ... Sport fishing is a popular attraction in Cabo San Lucas Sport fishing is a term (often used interchangeably with game fishing) that describes recreational fishing where the primary reward is the challenge of finding and catching the fish rather than the culinary or financial value of the fishs flesh. ... Salmon for sale at a marketplace The Fishing industry is the commercial activity of fishing and producing fish and other seafood products. ...

[edit] Introduction

Angling is popular in many parts of the world. The species of fish pursued by anglers vary with geography. Among the many species of salt water fish that are caught for sport are swordfish, marlin, tuna, salmon and halibut. In North America, the most popular fresh water sport species include bass, pike, walleye, muskellunge, yellow perch, trout, salmon, catfish, crappie, bluegill and sunfish. In Europe, a large number of anglers fish for species such as carp, pike, tench, rudd, roach, European perch and barbel (especially in stillwaters). Although some fish are sought for their value as food, others are pursued for their fighting abilities or for the difficulty of pursuit. Sea water is water from a sea or ocean. ... This article is about a type of fish. ... For other uses, see Marlin (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Tuna (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Salmon (disambiguation). ... This article is about the flatfish species; for the United States Navy ships named Halibut see USS Halibut. ... For the village on the Isle of Wight, see Freshwater, Isle of Wight. ... Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) Bass (IPA /bæs/) is a name shared by many different species of popular game fish. ... Pickerel redirects here. ... Binomial name (Mitchill, 1818) Subspecies S. v. ... Binomial name Linnaeus, 1758 The Muskellunge or muskie or musky (Esox masquinongy) are large, relatively rare freshwater fish of North America. ... For the unit of measurement, see pole. ... For other uses, see Trout (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Salmon (disambiguation). ... This article is about the siluriform catfishes; for the Atlantic catfish, see Seawolf (fish); for other uses, see Catfish (disambiguation). ... Species - white crappie - black crappie Pomoxis is a genus of freshwater fish in the sunfish family (family Centrarchidae) of order Perciformes. ... Binomial name Rafinesque, 1819 The Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) is a species of freshwater fish sometimes referred to as bream, brim, or coppernose. ... Species (see text) Lepomis Rafinesque, 1819, is a genus of freshwater fish in the sunfish family (family Centrarchidae) of order Perciformes. ... {{Otheruses Carp: Committee supporting Petanacs reconstruction in Huehuetenago, Guatemala} see http://carp. ... Pickerel redirects here. ... The tench (Tinca tinca) is a small fish of the Cyprinid family, and is one of the commonest and most widely spread freshwater fishes of Europe. ... Binomial name (Linneaus, 1758) The Rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) is a small fish, a widespread member of the family Cyprinidae. ... Roach can refer to: Cockroach, an insect. ... Binomial name Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 The European perch (Perca fluviatilis) is a species of perch found in Europe and Asia. ... The barbel[1] (Barbus barbus)[2] is a species of freshwater fish in the Cyprinidae family (minnows and carps) of the order Cypriniformes (Carps). ...

[edit] Hooks

A fish hook.

The use of the hook in angling is descended, historically, from what would today be called a "gorge." The word "gorge", in this context, comes from an archaic word meaning "throat." Gorges were used by ancient peoples to capture fish. A gorge was a long, thin piece of bone or stone attached by its midpoint to a thin line. The gorge would be fixed with a bait so that it would rest parallel to the lay of the line. When a fish would swallow the bait, a tug on the line would cause the gorge to orient itself at right angles to the line, thereby sticking in the fish's gullet. Image File history File links Fishhook. ... Image File history File links Fishhook. ... Fishhook redirects here. ... The esophagus or oesophagus (see American and British English spelling differences), sometimes known as the gullet, is an organ in vertebrates which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. ...

[edit] Baits

Which of the various techniques an angler may choose is dictated mainly by the target species and by its habitat. Angling can be separated into two distinct categories: using either artificial or natural baits.

Green Highlander, a classic artificial fly of a type used for salmon fishing.

For other uses, see Salmon (disambiguation). ...

[edit] Artificial baits

Many people prefer to fish solely with lures, which are artificial baits designed to entice fish to strike. The artificial bait angler uses a man-made lure that may or may not represent prey. The lure may require a specialised presentation to impart an enticing action as, for example, in fly fishing. A common way to fish a soft plastic worm is the Texas Rig. In-line spinner lure with ring, dish, body/weight and hook In terms of sport fishing, a lure is an object attached to the end of the fishing line and designed to resemble and move like an item of fish prey. ... Fly rod and reel with a wild brown trout from a chalk stream. ... The Texas Rig is a technique used for fishing soft plastic lures. ...

[edit] Natural baits

The natural bait angler, with few exceptions, will use a common prey species of the fish as an attractant. The natural bait used may be alive or dead. Common natural baits include worms, leeches, minnows, frogs, salamanders, and insects. Natural baits are effective due to the lifelike texture, odour and colour of the bait presented, and require a relatively simple presentation. For the LPG album, see The Earthworm (album). ... For other uses, see Leech (disambiguation). ... Genera (many, see text) The family Cyprinidae, named after the Greek word for goldfish, consists of the carps and minnows. ... Distribution of frogs (in black) Suborders Archaeobatrachia Mesobatrachia Neobatrachia - List of Anuran families The frogness babe is an amphibian in the order Anura (meaning tail-less from Greek an-, without + oura, tail), formerly referred to as Salientia (Latin saltare, to jump). ... For other uses, see Salamander (disambiguation). ... Orders Subclass Apterygota Archaeognatha (bristletails) Thysanura (silverfish) Subclass Pterygota Infraclass Paleoptera (Probably paraphyletic) Ephemeroptera (mayflies) Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) Infraclass Neoptera Superorder Exopterygota Grylloblattodea (ice-crawlers) Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) Plecoptera (stoneflies) Embioptera (webspinners) Zoraptera (angel insects) Dermaptera (earwigs) Orthoptera (grasshoppers, etc) Phasmatodea (stick insects) Blattodea (cockroaches) Isoptera (termites) Mantodea (mantids) Psocoptera...

The common earthworm is a universal bait for fresh water angling. Worms can be found in dark damp areas or at night when they surface to conjugate. In attempting to capture earthworms as bait, be aware that they are sensitive to light; the use of a red lens on a flashlight filters the light to wavelengths not detectable by the worm. If a worm senses the light from an unfiltered flashlight, it will quickly seek refuge in its burrow in the earth. Grubs and maggots are considered excellent bait when trout fishing; they can be collected in freshly ploughed earth, under old stumps, under decaying foliage, in rotting animal flesh, etc. Grasshoppers, bees and even ants are also used as bait for trout in their season, although many anglers believe that trout or salmon roe is superior to any other bait. In lakes in southern climates such as Florida, fish such as bream will take bread bait. Bread bait is a small amount of bread, often moist for saliva, is balled up to a small size that is bite size to small fish. Grub or GRUB can mean: a slang term for food a beetle larva that resembles a worm a distributed commercial search engine: see Grub (search engine) a number of places in Switzerland, Austria and Germany, such as: Grub, canton of Appenzell Outer Rhodes, Switzerland Grub, Germany for the GNU project... This article is about the insect. ... For other uses, see Grasshopper (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Western honey bee and Bee (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Ant (disambiguation). ... This article is about fish eggs. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Florida. ... Species (see text) Lepomis Rafinesque, 1819, is a genus of freshwater fish in the sunfish family (family Centrarchidae) of order Perciformes. ...

[edit] Using roe as a bait

Roe is an excellent bait for trout, salmon and many other fresh water fish. Many anglers preserve it by placing the roe, either as separated (ovulated) eggs or as whole skeins (ovaries), in warm water not hot enough to scald). They then remove any remnants of the filamentous supporting membranes, rinse it well in cold water, and allow it to dry. The next day, they salt it with 60 g of table salt and 10 g of saltpeter to 500 g of roe. It is then left to stand another day and then spread to dry. When it becomes stiff, it is ready for use as bait. Many anglers will tie the roe into small nylon bags (4 to 8 eggs per bag.) This works well for trout, and indeed for almost any fresh water fish. Ovulation is the process in the menstrual cycle by which a mature ovarian follicle ruptures and discharges an ovum (also known as an oocyte, female gamete, or casually, an egg) that participates in reproduction. ... // For ovary as part of plants see ovary (plants) An ovary is an egg-producing reproductive organ found in female organisms. ... This page deals with the type of injury called burns; for other meanings of burn see burn (disambiguation) In medicine, a burn is a type of injury to the skin caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, or radiation (an example of the latter is sunburn). ... This article is about common table salt. ... R-phrases   S-phrases   Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ...

Fathead minnow — a common bait fish.

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 503 pixels Full resolution (1192 × 750 pixel, file size: 204 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Fathead minnow, (Pimephales promelas). ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 503 pixels Full resolution (1192 × 750 pixel, file size: 204 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Fathead minnow, (Pimephales promelas). ... Binomial name Pimephales promelas (Rafinesque, 1820) The fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), is a species of temperate freshwater fish belonging to the Pimephales genus of the minnow family. ... Bait fish Minnow or carp family (Cyprinidae), sucker family (Catostomidae), top minnows or killifish family (Cyprinodontidae), shad family (Clupeidae), sunfish family (Centrarchidae), excluding black basses and crappie. ...

[edit] Spreading disease

The capture, transportation and culture of bait fish can spread damaging organisms between ecosystems, endangering them. In 2007, several states, including Michigan, enacted regulations designed to slow the spread of fish diseases, including viral hemorrhagic septicemia, by bait fish.^[1] For other uses, see Ecological Systems Theory. ...

Anglers may increase the possibility of contamination by emptying bait buckets into fishing venues and collecting or using bait improperly. The transportation of fish from one location to another can break the law and cause the introduction of fish alien to the ecosystem. IT is a new species. ...

[edit] Fishing seasons

Fishing seasons are set by countries or localities to indicate what kinds of fish may be caught during sport fishing (also known as angling) for a certain period of time. Fishing seasons are enforced to protect species of fish during their spawning period. Spawning refers to the reproductive period of fish. Sport fishing is a popular attraction in Cabo San Lucas Sport fishing is a term (often used interchangeably with game fishing) that describes recreational fishing where the primary reward is the challenge of finding and catching the fish rather than the culinary or financial value of the fishs flesh. ...

Fishing seasons are enforced for ecological balance. Without fishing seasons, there is the danger that sport fishers or anglers catch too much of a certain species.

Fish are easier to catch during their spawning period. This is due to the fish’s protective instinct for its offspring. At this stage, parent fish are liable to intentionally attack fishing baits and lures in an attempt protect its eggs. Therefore, anglers are prohibited to catch fish undergoing their spawning period to avoid the risk of dangerously lowering the species’ population.

[edit] Tournaments and derbies

Sometimes considered within the broad category of angling is a fairly recent phenomenon where contestants compete for prizes based on the total weight of fish, usually of a pre-determined species, caught within a specified time (fishing tournaments). Such contests have evolved from local fishing contests into large competitive circuits, where professional anglers are supported by commercial endorsements. Professional anglers are not generally considered to be engaged in commercial fishing, even though they gain an economic reward. Similar competitive fishing exists at the amateur level with local fishing derbies. In general, derbies are distinguished from tournaments; derbies normally require fish to be killed. Tournaments normally deduct points if fish can not be released alive. A tournament is a competition involving a relatively large number of competitors, all participating in a single sport or game. ...

[edit] Laws and regulations

Laws and regulations managing angling vary greatly, often regionally, within countries. These commonly include permits (licences), closed periods (seasons) where specific species are unavailable for harvest, restrictions on gear types, and quotas. For instance, an angler in the UK is legally required to hold a permit which allows the angler to fish with two rods for non-migratory fish. Any fish captured must be returned to the water otherwise unharmed. In most jurisdictions, there are legal penalties associated with breaching the regulations. In general, anglers are strongly advised to check and become fully aware of all angling laws and regulations in a local area before setting out to fish. For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ... Individual fishing quotas (popularly abbreviated to IFQ) are a means by which many governments have tried to regulate fishing. ...

Laws generally prohibit catching fish with hooks other than in the mouth (snagging or foul hooking) or the use of nets other than as an aid in landing a captured fish. Some species, such as bait fish, may be taken with nets, and a few for food. Sometimes, (non-sport) fish are considered of lesser value and it may be permissible to take them by methods like snagging, bow and arrow, or spear. None of these techniques fall under the definition of angling since they do not rely upon the use of a hook and line. Bait fish Minnow or carp family (Cyprinidae), sucker family (Catostomidae), top minnows or killifish family (Cyprinodontidae), shad family (Clupeidae), sunfish family (Centrarchidae), excluding black basses and crappie. ...

[edit] Catch and release

Main article: Catch and release

Catch and release fishing is increasingly practised, especially by fly anglers. The general principle is that releasing fish allows them to survive, thus avoiding unintended depletion of the population. For species such as marlin and muskellunge but, also, among few bass anglers, there is a cultural taboo against killing fish for food. In many parts of the world, size limits apply to certain species, meaning fish below a certain size must, by law, always be released. It is generally believed that larger fish have a greater breeding potential. Some fisheries have a slot limit that allows the taking of smaller and larger fish, but requiring that intermediate sized fish be released. It is generally accepted that this management approach will help the fishery create a number of large, trophy-sized fish. In smaller fisheries that are heavily fished, catch and release is the only way to ensure that catchable fish will be available from year to year. Catch and release is a term given to the recreational fishing where releasing the fish (catch) is believed to be a technique of conservation. ... This article is about cultural prohibitions in general, for other uses, see Taboo (disambiguation). ...

Removing the hook from a Bonito.

The practice of catch and release is criticised by some who consider it unethical to inflict pain upon a fish for purposes of sport. Some of those who object to releasing fish do not object to killing fish for food. Adherents of catch and release dispute this charge, pointing out that fish commonly feed on hard and spiky prey items, and as such can be expected to have tough mouths, and also that some fish will re-take a lure they have just been hooked on, a behaviour that is unlikely if hooking were painful. Opponents of catch and release fishing would find it preferable to ban or to severely restrict angling. On the other hand, proponents state that catch-and-release is necessary for many fisheries to remain sustainable, is a practice that that generally has high survival rates, and consider the banning of angling as not reasonable or necessary.^[2] Download high resolution version (1000x1505, 104 KB)Removing the hook from a Bonito. ... Download high resolution version (1000x1505, 104 KB)Removing the hook from a Bonito. ... Bonito is a name given to various species of medium-sized, predatory fish of the genus sarda, in the mackerel family, including the common or Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) and the Pacific bonito. ...

In some jurisdictions, in the Canadian province of Manitoba, for example, catch and release is mandatory for some species such as brook trout. Many of the jurisdictions which mandate the live release of sport fish also require the use of artificial lures and barbless hooks to minimise the chance of injury to fish. Mandatory catch and release also exists in the Republic of Ireland where it was introduced as a conservation measure to prevent the decline of Atlantic salmon stocks on some rivers.^[3] Regions Political culture Foreign relations Other countriesAtlas  Politics Portal      Canada is a federation which consists of ten provinces that, with three territories, make up the worlds second largest country in total area. ... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Official languages English French (de facto) Government Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament House seats 14 Senate seats 6 Confederation July 15, 1870 (5th) Area  Ranked 8th Total 647,797... This article is about the species of fish. ...

Barbless hooks, which can be purchased from major manufacturers or which can be created from a standard hook by removing the barb with pliers, are sometimes resisted by anglers because they believe that increased escapement is the inevitable result. Barbless hooks reduce handling time, thereby increasing survival. Concentrating on keeping the line taut while fighting fish, using recurved point or "triple grip" style hooks on lures, and equipping lures that do not have them with split rings can significantly reduce escapement.

[edit] Criticism

Animal protection advocates have raised concerns about the possible suffering of fish caused by angling. In light of recent research, some countries, like Germany, have banned specific types of fishing and the British RSPCA now formally prosecutes individuals who are cruel to fish. ^[4]

Experiments done by William Tavolga provide evidence that fish have pain and fear responses. For instance, in Tavolga’s experiments, toadfish grunted when electrically shocked and over time they came to grunt at the mere sight of an electrode. ^[5] Additional tests conducted at both the University of Edinburgh and the Roslin Institute, in which bee venom and acetic acid was injected into the lips of rainbow trout, resulted in fish rubbing their lips along the sides and floors of their tanks, which the researchers believe was an effort to relieve themselves of pain.^[6] These tests have been dismissed by some defenders of angling, as fishing hooks do not contain acid or venom. These test have also been criticised as hypocritical in that they themselves cause apparent distress to fish. One researcher argues about the definition of pain used in the studies.^[7]

[edit] See also

• Fly fishing
• Annotated bibliography of fly fishing
• Fishing rod
• Bamboo fly rods
• Fishing reel
• Fishing line
• Fish hook
• Fishing lure
• Trout worms
• Gaff
• Sinker
• Troll (angling)

Fly rod and reel with a wild brown trout from a chalk stream. ... This annotated bibliography is intended to list both notable and not so notable works of english language, non-fiction and fiction related to the sport of fly fishing listed by year published. ... A fiberglass spinning rod and reel circa 1997. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A spinning reel A fishing reel is a device used for the deployment and retrieval of fishing line using a spool mounted on an axle. ... Fishing line is any cord made for fishing. ... Fishhook redirects here. ... In-line spinner lure with ring, dish, body/weight and hook In terms of sport fishing, a lure is an object attached to the end of the fishing line and designed to resemble and move like an item of fish prey. ... Trout worms are plastic fishing baits, made with many colors such as orange, red, chartreuse and many others. ... Fishing with gaff hook In fishing, a gaff is a pole with a hook on the end that is used to stab a large fish and then lift the fish into the boat. ... A sinker is a weight used in fishing to force a lure to sink more rapidly or to increase the distance that it may be cast. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

[edit] References

Catch and release is a term given to the recreational fishing where releasing the fish (catch) is believed to be a technique of conservation. ...

[edit] External links

• Project Gutenberg: The Compleat Angler
• How to fish taken from the Boy's Own Book of Outdoor Sports (early 1900s)