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Please improve this article or discuss the issue on the talk page. | This article is about euthanasia of animals. For human euthanasia, see Euthanasia. - Put to sleep redirects here. For its literal meaning, see sleep or anaesthetic.
Animal euthanasia (Greek, "good death") is the act of inducing humane death in an animal.[1] Euthanasia methods are designed to cause minimal pain and distress. Image File history File links Gnome-globe. ...
For mercy killings not performed on humans, see Animal euthanasia. ...
This article is about euthanasia of animals. ...
For other uses, see Sleep (disambiguation). ...
Anesthesia (AE), also anaesthesia (BE), is the process of blocking the perception of pain and other sensations. ...
For other uses, see Death (disambiguation). ...
In pet animals, this process is commonly referred to by the euphemisms "put to sleep", "put down", or "sent away to the farm". Horses are euthanized if there is an intractable illness, or the horse has suffered a complicated injury. A euphemism is the substitution of an agreeable or less offensive expression in place of one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant to the listener;[1] or in the case of doublespeak, to make it less troublesome for the speaker. ...
Methods
Intravenous anesthetic Pets are almost always euthanized via intravenous injection,[citation needed] typically a very high dose of a barbiturate such as pentobarbital. Unconsciousness, respiratory then cardiac arrest follow rapidly, usually within 30 seconds[2]. Observers generally describe it as a quick and peaceful death. Sometimes the animal makes a gasping sound after the death, which is air being exhaled by the lungs. The animal may twitch for a moment or urinate. Barbituric acid, the basic structure of all barbiturates Barbiturates are drugs that act as central nervous system depressants, and by virtue of this they produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to anesthesia. ...
Pentobarbital is a short acting barbiturate that is available as both a free acid and a sodium salt, the former of which is only slightly soluble in water and ethanol. ...
Respiratory arrest is the cessation of the normal tidal flow of the lungs due to paralysis of the diaphragm, collapse of the lung or any number of respiratory failures. ...
Some veterinarians perform a two-stage process: An initial injection that simply renders the pet unconscious and a second shot that induces death.[citation needed] This allows the owner the chance to say goodbye to a live pet without their emotions stressing the pet.
For large animals, the volumes of barbiturates required are frequently impractical[citation needed]. In such cases, shooting (see below) may be more appropriate. Alternatively, for horses and cattle, other drugs may be available. In some countries (e.g. the UK) a cocktail of Secobarbital (a high-potency barbiturate) and Cinchocaine is available, providing deep unconsciousness and cardiac arrest independently, with a lower volume of injection, thus making the process faster, safer and more effective. Occasionally a horse injected with this mixture displays apparent seizure activity prior to death, this may be due to premature cardiac arrest. However, if normal precautions (e.g. sedation with detomidine) are taken, this is a rare problem[3]. Anecdotal reports that long term use of phenylbutazone increase the risk of this reaction are unverified. Secobarbital (marketed by Eli Lilly and Company under the brand names Seconal® and Tuinal) is a barbiturate derivative drug. ...
Cinchocaine (or Dibucaine) is an amide local anesthetic. ...
This article is about epileptic seizures. ...
Sedation is a medical procedure involving administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure, such as endoscopy, vasectomy, or minor surgery with local anaesthesia. ...
An imidazoline derivative alpha2-adrenergic agonist, used as a large animal sedative,primarily used in horses. ...
Phenylbutazone, often known as bute, is a crystalline substance having the structure shown at right. ...
Inhalant (gas) anesthetic Gas anesthetics such as isoflurane and sevoflurane can be used for euthanasia in very small animals (rodents, small birds, etc.). Animals are placed in sealed chambers where high levels of anesthetic gas are introduced. Death may also be induced by carbon dioxide once unconsciousness has been achieved by inhaled anaesthetic.[4] Structural formula of isoflurane Isoflurane (1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl difluoromethyl ether) is a halogenated ether used for inhalation anesthesia. ...
Sevoflurane (2, 2, 2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether), also called fluoromethyl, is a halogenated ether used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. ...
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula: ) is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. ...
Cervical dislocation Cervical dislocation, or snapping of the neck, is a simple and common method of killing small rodents such as mice, and may be used on other small vertebrates such as rabbits. Performed properly it causes instant death, and it requires no equipment other than a pair of gloves for protection while handling the animal. With mice it involves holding the back of the head firmly and pulling on the hindquarters or tail until the neck snaps. This is the most common way of killing experimental lab mice. It is also recommended to household residents as a humane way of killing pest mice captured in nonlethal traps. Cervical Dislocation. ...
Intracardiac or intraperitoneal injection When intravenous injection is not possible, euthanasia drugs such as pentobarbital can be injected directly into a heart chamber or body cavity. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body 1. ...
Pentobarbital is a short acting barbiturate that is available as both a free acid and a sodium salt, the former of which is only slightly soluble in water and ethanol. ...
While intraperitoneal injection is fully acceptable (although it may take up to 15 minutes in dogs and cats[4]), an intracardiac (IC) injection may only be performed on an unconscious or deeply sedated animal. In California, IC injection on a fully conscious animal is a crime.[5] Intracardiac injections are injections which are given directly into the heart muscles or ventricles. ...
Shooting Often the most appropriate means of euthanasia for large animals (e.g. horses, cattle). This may be by means of: - Free bullet
- Traditionally used for shooting horses. The horse is shot in the forehead, with the bullet directed down the spine through the medulla oblongata, resulting in instant death[6]. The risks are minimal if carried out by skilled personnel in a suitable location.
- Captive bolt
- Commonly used for cattle and other livestock. The bolt is fired through the forehead causing massive disruption of the cerebral cortex. In cattle this merely stuns the animal, and death must be brought about by pithing or exsanguination. Horses are killed outright by the captive bolt, making pithing or exsanguination unnecessary[7]).
The medulla oblongata is the lower portion of the brainstem. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
For other uses, see Cortex. ...
Pithing is a slaughtering technique in which the brain of the animal is scrambled with a tool inserted through the hole in the skull created by captive bolt stunning. ...
Exsanguination (also known colloquially as bleeding out) is the fatal process of total blood loss. ...
Reasons for euthanasia - Terminal illness - e.g. cancer
- Behavioral problems - e.g. aggression
- Illness or broken limbs that would cause suffering for the animal to live with, or when the owner has insufficient financial reserves to pay for (or a moral objection to) treatment.
- Old age - Deterioration to loss of major bodily functions. Severe impairment of the quality of life.
Small animal euthanasia is typically performed in a veterinary clinic or hospital, or in an animal shelter, and is usually carried out by a veterinarian, or a veterinary technician working under the vet's supervision. Often animal shelter workers are trained to do euthanasia as well. Some veterinarians will perform the euthanasia at the pet owner's home - this is virtually mandatory in the case of large animal euthanasia; except in the case of horse racing, where the injured animal is sometimes put down on the track. This article is about incurable disease. ...
This article is about the use of the moral in storytelling. ...
Look up veterinarian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
A veterinary technician (also called a vet tech), is a person trained and licensed to assist veterinarians. ...
Animal shelters -
Main articles: Animal shelter and no-kill shelter According to the American Humane Association, an estimated 9.6 million animals are euthanized in the United States every year. Out of 1,000 shelters responding to a survey, 2.7 million of 4.3 million animals or 64% were euthanized. 56% of dogs and 71% of cats that enter shelters were euthanized. 15% of dogs and 2% of cats were reunited with their owners; 25% of dogs and 24% of cats were adopted. The majority of these are euthanized at animal shelters, typically after a standard period of time (ranging from several days to several weeks for unclaimed stray animals). Dog Pound redirects here. ...
No-kill Shelters are a type of animal shelter with an anti-euthanasia policy for the animals they house. ...
The American Humane Association is an organization founded in 1877 dedicated to the welfare of animals and children. ...
"No kill" shelters exist, some run by private animal welfare organizations, while others are subsidized wholly or in part by local government agencies or private donations. These shelters make it official policy never to euthanize animals for non-medical reasons. Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...
Remains Many pet owners choose to have their pet cremated or buried after they are euthanized, [8] and there are even pet funeral homes that specialize in animal burial or cremation. [9] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Many animals euthanized at shelters or animal control agencies are sent to meat rendering facilities, [10] to be processed for use in cosmetics, fertilizer, gelatin, poultry feed, pharmaceuticals and pet food. [11] An animal control officer (also, more informally: dog catcher or dog warden or ) is an employee of, or a contractor to, a municipality, charged with catching stray or loose dogs, cats, and sometimes other animals, and bringing them to a compound or animal shelter, where the animals are held for...
Rendering has several different usages: Rendering (computer graphics) is the process of producing the pixels of an image from a higher-level description of its components. ...
Make-up redirects here. ...
Spreading manure, an organic fertilizer Fertilizers (also spelled fertilisers) are compounds given to plants to promote growth; they are usually applied either through the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar feeding, for uptake through leaves. ...
For the art collective, see Gelitin. ...
Fodder growing from barley In agriculture, fodder or animal feed is any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed domesticated livestock, including cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. ...
Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon is drug, and logos is science) is the study of how chemical substances interfere with living systems. ...
Articles in category Pet foods There are 16 articles in this section of this category. ...
See also Animal chaplains provide a wide array of services to the community, including pet loss grief support, animal memorial services, praying for animals who are sick or injured, comforting bereaved family members, holding hands with pet owners during surgery or euthanasia at a veterinary clinic or animal hospital, and performing animal...
An artists rendition of the Rainbow Bridge, a mythical place where beloved pets wait in health and happiness for their owners to arrive, after they die. ...
Animal welfare is the viewpoint that animals, especially those under human care, should not suffer. ...
The Rainbow Bridge is a metaphorical or mythological place often referred to by people whose pets have died. ...
References - ^ 2000 Report of the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia
- ^ UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate Product Notes for 20% Pentobarbital solution. [1]
- ^ NOAH Compendium of Data Sheets for Animal Medicines 2005
- ^ a b Laboratory Animal Euthanasia (DOC). Australian National University. Retrieved on 2007-11-30.
- ^ Calif. Penal Code 597u (a)(2)
- ^ Tom J. Doherty, Alex Valverde, Manual of Equine Anaesthesia and Analgesia, Blackwell Publishing 2006 (p. 352)
- ^ C.J. Laurence, "Animal welfare concequences in England and Wales of the 2001 epidemic of foot and mouth disease", Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz, 2002, 21 (3), 863-868)
- ^ http://www.pet-loss.net/funeral.html
- ^ http://www.boston.com/news/local/connecticut/articles/2004/04/15/pet_funeral_home_offers_services_for_grieving_owners?mode=PF
- ^ http://www.madcowboy.com/02_Book_First3.000.html
- ^ http://www.petsready.com/outcry-over-pets-pet-food-a-41.html
Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...
is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
External links The University of Adelaide (colloquially Adelaide University or Adelaide Uni) is a public university located in Adelaide. ...
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