Animal rights Activists Greg Avery · David Barbarash Rod Coronado · Barry Horne Ronnie Lee · Keith Mann Ingrid Newkirk · Andrew Tyler Jerry Vlasak · Robin Webb A civet, or sea fox, photographed in the Zigong Peoples Zoo, Sichuan, 2001. ... Image File history File links Olive_baboon1. ... Greg Avery (born 1963), also known as Greg Jennings and Greg Harrison, is a British animal rights activist and co-founder of Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC), an international campaign to force the closure of Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS), a controversial animal-testing company with bases in Huntingdon, England, and... David Barbarash is the North American press officer for the Animal Liberation Front. ... Rod Coronado Rodney Adam Coronado is an American eco-anarchist and animal rights activist. ... Barry Horne Barry Horne was a British animal rights activist who died of kidney failure in Ronkswood Hospital, Worcester on November 5, 2001, following a series of four hunger strikes while serving an 18-year sentence for planting incendiary devices. ... Ronnie Lee is a British animal rights activist, and founder of the Animal Liberation Front. ... Keith Mann is a British animal-rights campaigner, believed to be a senior Animal Liberation Front activist. ... PETAs president and co-founder Ingrid Newkirk Ingrid Newkirk (born July 11, 1949) is a British-born animal rights activist, author, and president of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), the worlds largest animal rights organization. ... Andrew Tyler is the director of Animal Aid, the UKs largest animal rights organization. ... Jerry Vlasak is a U.S. physician and prominent member of several controversial nonprofit organizations, including Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine and the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. ... Robin Webb appearing on Channel 4s Dispatches Robin Webb runs the Animal Liberation Press Office in the UK. He was previously a member of the ruling council of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), and a director of Animal Aid. ... Groups/campaigns Animal Aid Animal Liberation Front Animal liberation movement Animal Rights Militia BUAV · Great Ape Project Justice Department PETA PCRM · SPEAK Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty Viva! Animal Aid logo Animal Aid is the United Kingdoms largest animal rights group and one of the longest established in the world, having been founded in 1977. ... Beagles removed by British ALF activists from a testing laboratory owned by the Boots Group. ... The Animal Rights Militia (ARM) is a name used by animal-rights activists who are prepared to carry out acts of violence against human beings. ... The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection is a pressure group based near Highbury Corner in North London, United Kingdom that campaigns peacefully against vivisection. ... The logo of The Great Ape Project, which aims to expand moral equality to great apes, and to foster greater understanding of them by humans. ... The Justice Department is a militant animal-rights organization, set up in Britain in 1993, and active there and in the United States. ... People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals logo People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is the largest animal rights organization in the world. ... The Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) is a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C., that promotes preventive medicine, conducts clinical research, and encourages higher standards for ethics and effectiveness in research. ... SPEAK, the Voice for the Animals is a British animal rights campaign that aims to end animal experimentation and vivisection in the UK. Its current focus is opposition to a new animal testing center being built by Oxford University. ... A monkey inside Huntingdon Life Sciences in the United States. ... Viva!, or Vegetarians International Voice For Animals, Founded by Juliet Gellatley in 1995, is an animal-rights based organisation which promotes vegetarianism and veganism. ... Issues Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act Animal rights Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 Animal testing · Bile bear Factory farming International trade in primates Nafovanny Non-human primate experiments Operation Backfire Speciesism Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... A civet, or sea fox, photographed in the Zigong Peoples Zoo, Sichuan, 2001. ... The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (ASPA) is a law passed by the U.K. parliament in 1986, which regulates the use of laboratory animals in the U.K. Fundamentally, actions that have the potential of causing pain, distress or lasting harm to animals are illegal in the U.K. under... Enos the space chimp before insertion into the Mercury-Atlas 5 capsule in 1961. ... A bile bear in Huizhou Farm, Vietnam. ... Beef cattle on a feedlot in the Texas Panhandle Factory farming is a term used to describe a set of controversial practices in large-scale, intensive agriculture. ... The international trade in primates sees 32,000 wild-caught primates sold on the international market every year. ... Nafovannys maternity clinic. ... Filmed by PETA, Covance primate-testing lab, Vienna, Virginia, 2004-5. ... Operation Backfire is an ongoing multi-agency criminal investigation, led by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), into violent acts in the name of animal rights and environmental causes in the United States [1]. // Background In 2004 the FBI merged seven independent investigations from its Portland, Oregon field office and... The relevance of particular information in (or previously in) this article or section is disputed. ... Cases Britches Cambridge University primates Covance · Huntingdon Life Sciences Pit of despair · Silver Spring monkeys Unnecessary Fuss Britches after being removed from the laboratory by the Animal Liberation Front Britches was the name given by researchers to a stumptail macaque monkey who was born into a breeding colony at the University of California, Riverside in March 1985. ... A marmoset inside Cambridge University, filmed by BUAV The use of primates in experiments at Cambridge University is controversial, first coming to widespread public attention in the UK following undercover investigations lasting ten months in 1998 by the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV), the results of which... Covance (NYSE: CVD), formerly Hazleton Laboratories, with headquarters in Princeton, New Jersey, is one of the worlds largest and most comprehensive drug development services companies, according to its own website, with annual revenues over $1 billion, global operations in 17 countries, and approximately 6,700 employees worldwide. ... Huntingdon Life Sciences (HLS) is a contract animal-testing company founded in 1952 in England, now with facilities in Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire and Eye, Suffolk in the United Kingdom, New Jersey in the United States, and Japan. ... Harry Harlows pit of despair The pit of despair, or vertical chamber, was a device used in experiments conducted on rhesus macaque monkeys during the 1970s by American comparative psychologist Harry Harlow and his students at the University of Wisconsin. ... The Silver Spring monkeys were 17 monkeys kept in small wire cages inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland, by Dr. Edward Taub, who was researching regeneration of severed nerves with a grant from the National Institute of Health (NIH). ... Unnecessary Fuss is the name of a film produced by Ingrid Newkirk and Alex Pacheco of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), showing footage shot inside the University of Pennsylvanias Head Injury Clinic in Philadelphia, described by the university as the longest standing and most respected center... Writers/advocates Steven Best · Stephen R.L. Clark Gary Francione · Gill Langley Tom Regan · Richard D. Ryder Peter Singer · Steven M. Wise Image:Steven best. ... Dr. Stephen Clark Stephen Richard Lyster Clark (born October 30, 1945) is a British philosopher and international authority on animal rights, currently professor of philosophy and Leverhulme Research Fellow at the University of Liverpool. ... Gary Lawrence Francione (1954) is an American law professor at Rutgers University. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Tom Regan (born November 28, 1938 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American philosopher and animal-rights activist. ... Richard D. Ryder (born 1940) is a British psychologist who, after performing psychology experiments on animals, began to speak out against the practice, and became one of the pioneers of the modern animal liberation and animal rights movements. ... For other persons named Peter Singer, see Peter Singer (disambiguation). ... Steven M. Wise is the author of Though the Heavens May Fall, a book concerning the 18th century trial in England which led to the abolition of slavery. ... Categories Animal experimentation Animal Liberation Front Animal rights movement Animal rights This box: view • talk • edit

For the concept, see Animal rights

The animal liberation movement or animal rights movement, sometimes called the animal personhood movement and animal advocacy movement, is the global movement of activists, academics, lawyers, campaigns, and organized groups who oppose the use of non-human animals in research, as food, as clothing, or as entertainment. A civet, or sea fox, photographed in the Zigong Peoples Zoo, Sichuan, 2001. ... Enos the space chimp before insertion into the Mercury-Atlas 5 capsule in 1961. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

It is regarded as possibly the first social reform movement to have been founded by philosophers. ^[1]

Terms

The terms "animal liberation" and "animal rights" movement are often used interchangeably, but the term "animal liberation" is broader in scope.

All animal liberationists believe that non-human animals have basic needs and interests that deserve recognition and protection, but the movement can be split into two broad camps. Animal rights advocates, or rights liberationists, believe that these basic interests confer moral rights on the animals, and ought to confer legal rights on them; ^[1] see, for example, the philosophy of Tom Regan. Utilitarian liberationists, on the other hand, do not believe that animals possess moral rights, but argue, on utilitarian grounds — a moral philosophy that, in its simplest form, advocates basing moral decisions on the greatest happiness of the greatest number — that because animals have the ability to suffer, their suffering must be taken into account. To exclude animals from that consideration, they argue, is a form of discrimination; ^[2] see, for example, the work of Peter Singer. Tom Regan (born November 28, 1938 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is an American philosopher and animal-rights activist. ... Utilitarianism (1861), see Utilitarianism (book). ... For other persons named Peter Singer, see Peter Singer (disambiguation). ...

Nature of the movement

Animal liberationists usually boycott a number of industries that use animals. Foremost among these is factory farming, [2] which produces the majority of meat, dairy products, and eggs in industrialized nations. The transportation of farm animals for slaughter, which often involves their live export, has in recent years been a major issue of campaigning for animal rights groups, particularly in the UK. Beef cattle on a feedlot in the Texas Panhandle Factory farming is a term used to describe a set of controversial practices in large-scale, intensive agriculture. ... Live export is an agriculture term referring to the international transport of livestock. ...

The vast majority of animal rights advocates adopt vegetarian or vegan diets ^[3]; they may also avoid clothes made of animal skins, such as leather shoes, and will not use products known to contain animal byproducts. Goods containing ingredients that have been tested on animals are also avoided where possible. Company-wide boycotts are common. The Procter & Gamble corporation, for example, tests many of its products on animals, leading many liberationists to boycott all of their products, including food like peanut butter. For animals adapted to eat primarily plants, sometimes referred to as vegetarian animals, see Herbivore. ... Hens kept in cramped conditions — the avoidance of animal suffering is the primary motivation of people who become vegans A vegan is a person who avoids the ingestion or use of animal products. ... Modern leather-working tools Leather is a material created through the tanning of hides and skins of animals, primarily cattlehide. ... A by-product is a secondary or incidental product deriving from a manufacturing process or chemical reaction, and is not the primary product or service being produced. ... Enos the space chimp before insertion into the Mercury-Atlas 5 capsule in 1961. ... Look up Boycott in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Procter & Gamble Co. ...

Many advocates dedicate themselves to educating and persuading the public. Some organizations, such as People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, strive to do this by garnering media attention for animal rights issues, often using outrageous stunts or advertisements to obtain media coverage for a more serious message. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals logo People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is the largest animal rights organization in the world. ...

There is a growing trend in the American movement towards devoting all resources to vegetarian outreach. The 9.8 billion animals killed there for food use every year far exceeds the number of animals being exploited in other ways. Groups such as Vegan Outreach and Compassion Over Killing devote their time to exposing factory-farming practices by publishing information for consumers and by organizing undercover investigations. Vegan Outreach is a successful animal rights group working to promote an vegan lifestyle through methods generally considered less aggressive than those of fellow activist group, PETA. They distribute pamphlets, generally on college campuses, designed to educate the public on the realities of meat production, vivisection, and other related topics. ... Compassion Over Killing Compassion Over Killing (COK) is an animal liberationist organization based in Washington, D.C., currently led by Erica Meier. ...

A growing number of activists engage in direct action. This typically involves the removal of animals from infiltrated facilities that use them, or damage to property at such facilities to cause financial loss. A number of incidents have involved violence or the threat of violence toward animal experimenters or others involved in the use of animals. Many of the ideas used by those who engage in direct action were developed by British activists. The UK is regarded as "Afghanistan for the growth of animal rights extremism throughout the world," Patti Strand of the American lobby group National Animal Alliance told the BBC. "The animal rights movement that we are dealing with in the United States is a direct import from the United Kingdom." ^[4] Direct action is a form of political activism which seeks immediate remedy for perceived ills, as opposed to indirect actions such as electing representatives who promise to provide remedy at some later date. ... Etymologically, vivisection refers to the dissection of, or any cutting or surgery upon, a living animal. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, usually known as the BBC (and also informally known as the Beeb or Auntie) is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GB£4 billion...

Some activists have attempted blackmail and other illegal activities, such as the intimidation campaign to close Darley Oaks farm, which involved hate mail, malicious phonecalls, hoax bombs, arson attacks and property destruction, climaxing in the theft of Gladys Hammond's body, the owners' mother-in-law, from a Staffordshire grave. The Animal Liberation Front has been named as a "terrorist threat" by the FBI, and over a thousand attacks in one year in the UK alone caused £2.6m of damage to property, prompting some experts to state that animal rights now tops the list of causes that prompt violence in the UK. ^[5] Most animal welfare groups condemned the attacks. For other uses, see Blackmail (disambiguation). ... Hate mail (as electronic, postal, or otherwise) is a form of harassment, usually consisting of invective and potentially intimidating or threatening comments towards the recipient. ... The Skyline Parkway Motel in Afton, Virginia after an arson fire on July 9, 2004. ... Staffordshire (abbreviated Staffs) is a landlocked county in the West Midlands region of England. ...

There are also a growing number of "open rescues," in which liberationists enter businesses to remove animals without trying to hide their identities. Open rescues tend to be carried out by committed individuals willing to go to jail if prosecuted, but so far no farmer has been willing to press charges. [3] Open rescue is a term for a form of direct action practiced by certain animal rights and animal welfare activists. ...

Philosophical and legal aims

The movement aims to include animals in the moral community by putting the basic interests of non-human animals on an equal footing with the basic interests of human beings. A basic interest would be, for example, not being made to suffer pain on behalf of other individual human or non-human animals. The aim is to remove animals from the sphere of property and to award them personhood; that is, to see them awarded legal rights to protect their basic interests. In colloquial English, person is often synonymous with human. ...

Liberationists argue that animals appear to have value in law only in relation to their usefulness or benefit to their owners, and are awarded no intrinsic value whatsoever. In the United States, for example, state and federal laws formulate the rules for the treatment of animals in terms of their status as property. The Texas Animal Cruelty Laws apply only to pets living under the custody of human beings. They exclude birds, deer, rabbits, squirrels, and other wild animals not owned by humans. The U.S. Animal Welfare Act excludes "pet stores ... state and country fairs, livestock shows, rodeos, purebred dog and cat shows, and any fairs or exhibitions intended to advance agricultural arts and sciences." The Department of Agriculture interprets the Act as also excluding cold-blooded animals, and warm-blooded animals not "used for research, teaching, testing, experimentation ... exhibition purposes, or as a pet, [and] farm animals used for food, fiber, or production purposes". [4] Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Steer roping Rodeo is an outgrowth of Mexican bullfighting. ... The U.S. Department of Agriculture, also called the Agriculture Department, or USDA, is a Cabinet department of the United States Federal Government. ...

Regarding the campaign to change the status of animals as property, the movement has seen success in two countries. Switzerland passed legislation in 1992 recognizing non-human animals as beings, not things. In 2002, rights for non-human animals were enshrined in the German constitution when the words "and animals" were added to the clause obliging the state to respect and protect the dignity of human beings. [5]

The Seattle-based Great Ape Project (GAP) — founded by Australian philosopher Peter Singer, the author of Animal Liberation, widely regarded as the "bible" of the animal liberation movement — is campaigning for the United Nations to adopt its Declaration on Great Apes, which would see chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orang-utans included in a "community of equals" with human beings. The declaration wants to extend to the non-human apes the protection of three basic interests: the right to life, the protection of individual liberty, and the prohibition of torture. [6] The logo of The Great Ape Project, which aims to expand moral equality to great apes, and to foster greater understanding of them by humans. ... For other persons named Peter Singer, see Peter Singer (disambiguation). ... Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals is a book by Australian philosopher Peter Singer. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The Great Ape Project, founded by Italian philosopher Paola Cavalieri and Australian philosopher Peter Singer, is campaigning to have the United Nations endorse a Declaration on Great Apes. ... Type species Simia troglodytes Blumenbach, 1775 distribution of Species Pan troglodytes Pan paniscus Chimpanzee, often shortened to chimp, is the common name for the two extant species in the genus Pan. ... Binomial name Pan paniscus Schwarz, 1929 Bonobo distribution The Bonobo (Pan paniscus), until recently usually called the Pygmy Chimpanzee and less often the Dwarf or Gracile Chimpanzee, is one of the two species comprising the chimpanzee genus, Pan. ... Type species Troglodytes gorilla Savage, 1847 distribution of Gorilla Species Gorilla gorilla Gorilla beringei The gorilla, the largest of the living primates, is a ground-dwelling omnivore that inhabits the forests of Africa. ... For the chess opening, see Sokolsky Opening. ...

We are strongly against cloning and Genetic testing of any kind, we beleive that is morally wrong and is a crime against nature.

Methods

The movement espouses a number of approaches to furthering the cause of animal rights. Some groups reject violence against persons, intimidation, threats, and the destruction of property or belongins: for example, the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV) and Animal Aid. These groups concentrate on education and research, including carrying out undercover investigations of animal-testing facilities. There is evidence of prior cooperation between the BUAV and the ALF: for example, the BUAV used to donate office space for the use of the ALF in London in the early 1980s, and a BUAV executive introduced someone posing as a writer, but was actually an aspiring ALF activist, to Ronnie Lee who directed them to an ALF training camp in northern England. ^[6]. This activist, code-named Valerie, went on to found the United States ALF organization according to Newkirk. The British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection is a pressure group based near Highbury Corner in North London, United Kingdom that campaigns peacefully against vivisection. ... Animal Aid logo Animal Aid is the United Kingdoms largest animal rights group and one of the longest established in the world, having been founded in 1977. ... Ronnie Lee is a British animal rights activist, and founder of the Animal Liberation Front. ...

Other groups do not condemn the destruction of property, or intimidation of those involved in what they perceive as animal abuse, but do not themselves engage in those activities, concentrating instead on education, research, media campaigns, and undercover investigations: for example, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). PETA has also engaged in support of ALF activists who engage in destruction of property and intimidation of animal researchers. For example, PETA funds were directed to support the fines and legal fees imposed on Coronado after he was caught for criminal acts. ^[7][8][9]. Many federal law enforcement officers have openly speculated that ALF and PETA may be populated with identical personnel, the only difference being a setting sun and a ski mask.^[10] Another ALF operative, JP Goodwin, was later hired by the Humane Society of the United States, despite their public policy against direct action. [7] ^[11] People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals logo People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is the largest animal rights organization in the world. ...

A third category of activists operates using the leaderless resistance model, working in covert cells consisting of small numbers of trusted friends, or of one individual acting alone. These cells engage in direct action: for example by carrying out raids to release animals from laboratories and farms, using names like the Animal Liberation Front; or by engaging in the destruction of property and intimidation of people, using a campaign name like Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty (SHAC). Leaderless resistance (or phantom cell structure) is a political resistance strategy in which small, independent groups (covert cells) challenge an established adversary such as a government. ... A covert cell structure is a method for organizing undercover or unconventional fighters against a large and well-established organization. ... Direct action is a form of political activism which seeks immediate remedy for perceived ills, as opposed to indirect actions such as electing representatives who promise to provide remedy at some later date. ... Beagles removed by British ALF activists from a testing laboratory owned by the Boots Group. ... A monkey inside Huntingdon Life Sciences in the United States. ...

Activists who have carried out or threatened acts of physical violence have operated using the names Animal Rights Militia (ARM) and the Justice Department. The Animal Rights Militia (ARM) is a name used by animal-rights activists who are prepared to carry out acts of violence against human beings. ... The Justice Department is a militant animal-rights organization, set up in Britain in 1993, and active there and in the United States. ...

A November 13, 2003 edition of CBS News' 60 Minutes charged that "eco-terrorists," a term used by the United States government to refer to the Animal Liberation Front and Earth Liberation Front, are considered by the FBI to be "the country’s biggest domestic terrorist threat." [8] John Lewis, a Deputy Assistant Director for Counterterrorism at the FBI, stated in a 60 Minutes interview that these groups "have caused over $100 million worth of damage nationwide", and that "there are more than 150 investigations of eco-terrorist crimes underway". [9] In September 2006, the U.S. Senate unanimously passed the "Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act", legislation which would alllow federal authorities to "help prevent, better investigate, and prosecute individuals who seek to halt biomedical research through acts of intimidation, harassment, and violence." [10] November 13 is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 48 days remaining. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 60 Minutes is an investigative television newsmagazine on United States television, which has run on CBS News since 1968. ... The term eco-terrorism is a neologism used to describe threats and/or acts of violence (both against people and against property), sabotage, vandalism, property damage and intimidation committed in the name of environmentalism. ... Beagles removed by British ALF activists from a testing laboratory owned by the Boots Group. ... The Earth Liberation Front (ELF) is the collective name for anonymous and autonomous groups that, according to the now defunct Earth Liberation Front Press Office (ELFPO), use direct action in the form of economic sabotage to stop the exploitation and destruction of the natural environment. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... Terrorist redirects here. ... Counter-terrorism refers to the practices, tactics, and strategies that governments, militaries, and other groups adopt in order to fight terrorism. ...

In hearings held on May 18, 2005 before a Senate panel, SHAC was also identified as "a U.S. terror threat." ^[12] In March 2003, SHAC began targeting a large pharmaceutical company. This company was targeted because SHAC accused it of doing business with HLS. The campaign against them began with sporadic letters demanding the company end its relationship with Huntingdon Life Sciences. Next, there were protests at company facilities. Then personal information of company employees, including home phone numbers and addresses, was posted on the internet. This led to numerous phone calls and faxes to the residences of executives, and “home visits” involving a number of activists protesting loudly outside employees’ homes, usually in the middle of the night. Sometimes, the home visits included spray painted messages like “Your job supports animal abuse - Drop HLS.” One of the company’s California facilities was damaged by vandalism with activists spray painting “______Kills Puppies” and splashing red paint on windows. Activists even sent a hearse to the home of one terrified employee to collect her body. They also tricked companies into calling employees to discuss their choice of cemetery plots. May 18 is the 138th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (139th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In a second example SHAC targeted a small family business using similar methods. Their association with the SHAC target, HLS, was that they sent small apple samples to Huntingdon Life Sciences for residue testing therefore supporting HLS financially.

On August 28, 2003, the campaign against Huntingdon Life Sciences was elevated when two pipe bombs were set off outside of Chiron Corporation in Emeryville, Calif. Chiron had at one time been a client of Huntingdon Life Sciences and was listed as a target on SHAC’s Web site.

On September 26, 2003 a second set of pipe bombs, wrapped in nails, were set off at the Shaklee Corp. facility in Pleasanton, Calf. Shaklee is a subsidiary of a Japanese company that activists have tied to Huntingdon Life Sciences.

Public support

Animal People, an independent newspaper covering the international animal-protection and animal-rights movements, indicates that these issues are increasing in popularity with the public. Citing U.S. IRS (tax) form 990 numbers for 2004, the newspaper says that donations to animal rights groups increased by 40 percent from 2003 to 2004. For example:

• The Humane Society of the United States (animal protection): revenues of $74 million, up 3 percent.
• The Massachusetts Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (animal protection): revenues of $48.2 million, up an 11 percent.
• People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (animal rights): $28.1 million, up 20 percent.
• Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (animal rights): $16 million, up from $12 million.

The Animal Liberation Front, Animal Defense League and Earth Liberation Front did not file 990s, but Animal People estimates the combined budgets of the more militant animal-rights organizations at more than $290 million in 2004, up from $207 million in 2003. [11] As the U.S. Justice department now labels these groups as "terrorist organizations"[12][13], under the USA PATRIOT Act, donations to them are federal crimes and punishable by substantial criminal penalties[14]. The Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act of the U.S. is specifically targeting at people involved in violence, arson, threat or any other forms of terrorism by prescribing several punishments.[15] People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals logo People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is the largest animal rights organization in the world. ... Beagles removed by British ALF activists from a testing laboratory owned by the Boots Group. ... The Earth Liberation Front (ELF) is the collective name for anonymous and autonomous groups that, according to the now defunct Earth Liberation Front Press Office (ELFPO), use direct action in the form of economic sabotage to stop the exploitation and destruction of the natural environment. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of terrorist organizations. ... The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (Public Law 107-56), known as the USA PATRIOT Act or simply the Patriot Act, is an American act which President Bush signed into law on October 26, 2001. ...

See also

• Vegetarianism, Veganism
• Vivisection
• Animal Liberation Front Supporters Group

Vegetarianism is the practice of not consuming the flesh of any animal, with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives, such as dairy products or eggs. ... The logo of the worlds first Vegan Society, registered in 1944 Veganism (also known as strict vegetarianism or pure vegetarianism), as defined by the Vegan Society, is a philosophy and way of living which seeks to exclude…all forms of exploitation of, and cruelty to, animals for food, clothing... Etymologically, vivisection refers to the dissection of, or any cutting or surgery upon, a living animal. ... The Animal Liberation Front Supporters Group (ALFSG) is an organization that provides moral and financial support to people imprisoned for breaking the law in the name of animal rights, in particular Animal Liberation Front activists. ...

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} "Animal rights," Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2007.
2. ^ Taylor, Angus. Animals and Ethics. Broadview Press, 2003, pp. 153 ff.
3. ^ Singer, Peter. Animal Liberation, second edition, Random House, 1975; this edition 1990, p. 160ff.
4. ^ Cox, Simon & Vadon, Richard. "How animal rights took on the world", BBC Radio 4, retrieved June 18, 2006.
5. ^ Animal rights, terror tactics - BBC News
6. ^ Newkirk, Ingrid. Free the animals. Lantern Books, 2000. ISBN 1-930051-22-0 }
7. ^ PETA grant to Coronado support fund
8. ^ PETA donation to Coronado's father
9. ^ Coronado fined $2 million in restitution
10. ^ [1]
11. ^ HSUS policy on violence
12. ^ "Senate Judiciary Committee Testimony

Angus Taylor is a Canadian writer and philosopher specializing in animal rights. ... For other persons named Peter Singer, see Peter Singer (disambiguation). ... The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ...

References

• "How animal rights took on the world" by Simon Cox and Richard Vadon, BBC Radio 4, November 18, 2004
• Taylor, A. Animals and Ethics. Broadview Press, 2003. ISBN 1-55111-569-7
• "A Critique of the Kantian Theory of Indirect Moral Duties to Animals" by Jeff Sebo, AnimalLiberationFront.com, undated, retrieved September 4, 2005
• "Burning Rage" by Ed Bradley, CBS 60 Minutes, November 5, 2005
• "FBI, ATF address domestic terrorism", by Terry Frieden, CNN, May 19, 2005
• Animal Liberation Through Trade Unions?

September 4 is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Edward Rudolph Bradley, Jr. ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ...

Bibliography

• Lawrence Finsen and Susan Finsen, The Animal Rights Movement in America: From Compassion to Respect (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1994). ISBN 0-8057-3884-3
• Gary L. Francione, Rain without Thunder: The Ideology of the Animal Rights Movement (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996). ISBN 1-56639-461-9
• Harold D. Guither, Animal Rights: History and Scope of a Radical Social Movement (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998). ISBN 0-8093-2199-8
• James M. Jasper and Dorothy Nelkin, The Animal Rights Crusade: The Growth of a Moral Protest (New York: The Free Press, 1992). ISBN 0-02-916195-9
• Peter Singer, Ethics into Action: Henry Spira and the Animal Rights Movement (Lanham, MD: Bowman & Littlefield, 1998). ISBN 0-8476-9073-3

Further reading

• Allegations of sexism within the animal liberation movement