The Bible names over 120 species of animals but, as it is not a book of science, does not offer any kind of biological classification. The sacred books were composed by a people almost exclusively given to husbandry and pastoral life and hence in constant communication with nature. To this people references to the animal world and animal customs were quite natural. As may be expected, the more a particular animal abounded in the Holy Land, the more frequent allusions to it may be found. The Gutenberg Bible owned by the United States Library of Congress The Bible (Hebrew: תנ״ך tanakh, Greek: η Βίβλος hē biblos, the book) (sometimes The Holy Bible, The Book, Work of God, The Word of God, The Word, The Good Book, Scripture, or The Scriptures), is the name used by Jews and Christians... In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biodiversity. ... Phyla Subregnum Parazoa Porifera (sponges) Subregnum Agnotozoa Placozoa (trichoplax) Orthonectida (orthonectids) Rhombozoa (dicyemids) Subregnum Eumetazoa Radiata (unranked) (radial symmetry) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria (coral, jellyfish, anemones) Bilateria (unranked) (bilateral symmetry) Acoelomorpha (basal) Orthonectida (parasitic to flatworms, echinoderms, etc. ... Science in the broadest sense refers to any knowledge or trained skill, especially (but not exclusively) when this is attained by verifiable means. ... Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... In general stewardship is responsibility for taking good care of resources entrusted to one. ... Titians The Pastoral Concert Pastoral refers to the lifestyle of shepherds and pastoralists, moving livestock around larger areas of land according to seasons and availability of water and feed. ... The phrase The Holy Land (Arabic الأرض المقدسة, al-Arḍ ul-Muqaddasah; Hebrew ארץ הקודש: Standard Hebrew Éreẓ haQodeš, Tiberian Hebrew ʾÉreṣ haqQāḏēš; Latin Terra Sancta) generally refers to Israel, otherwise known as Palestine (sometimes including Jordan, Syria and parts of Egypt). ...

A closer examination of the way in which references to animals are introduced, the frequency of allusions to certain species, and the date of the documents in which they are found gives a fair idea of the conditions of the area at different stages of its history. The species, for instance, called in Hebrew 're'em', was very probably the aurochs, or wild ox and totally disappeared about the time of the Babylonian captivity. The wild ass, the lion and a few others long ago became extinct in Palestine. Other species alluded to in the Bible are now extremely scarce. The word Hebrew most likely means to cross over, referring to the Semitic people crossing over the Euphrates River. ... Trinomial name Bos taurus namadicus (Falconer, 1859) Trinomial name Bos taurus mauretanicus (Thomas, 1881) Trinomial name Bos taurus primigenius (Bojanus, 1827) The aurochs (Bos taurus) is an extinct European mammal of the Bovidae family. ... Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ... Babylonian captivity also refers to the permanence of the Avignon Papacy. ... Look up ass in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Binomial name Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758) The Lion (Panthera leo) is a mammal of the family Felidae and one of four big cats in the panthera genus. ... In biology and ecology, extinction is the ceasing of existence of a species or group of species. ... Palestine (Hebrew: Eretz Israel, Arabic: ‎ Filastīn or Falastīn, see also Land of Israel) is one of many historical names for the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the banks of the Jordan River, plus various adjoining lands to the east and south. ...

The variety of animals spoken of in the Bible is remarkable. The ostrich, for instance, a denizen of the torrid regions, and the camel, of the waterless districts around Palestine, are mentioned side by side with the roebuck and deer of the woody summits of Lebanon. This variety, greater probably in Palestine than in any other country in the same latitude, is attributed to the great extremes of elevation and temperature in this small area. Palestinian fauna is not as rich today as it was during the Biblical times. The land is baren today but was well wooded when the Bible was written, especially on the hills east of the Jordan River. Binomial name Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758 The ostrich (Struthio camelus) is a flightless bird native to Africa. ... Species Camelus bactrianus Camelus dromedarius A camel is either of the two species of large even-toed ungulate in the genus Camelus, the Dromedary (single hump) and the Bactrian Camel (double hump). ... Roe Deer Categories: Stub | Deer ... Subfamilies Capreolinae Cervinae Hydropotinae Muntiacinae A deer is a ruminant mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. ... Palestine (Hebrew: Eretz Israel, Arabic: ‎ Filastīn or Falastīn, see also Land of Israel) is one of many historical names for the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the banks of the Jordan River, plus various adjoining lands to the east and south. ... Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter φ, gives the location of a place on Earth north or south of the Equator. ... Basic Definition In geography, the elevation of a geographic location is its height above mean sea level (or some other fixed point). ... Temperature is also the name of a song by Sean Paul. ... Fauna is a collective term for animal life of any particular region or time. ... In compiling the history of ancient Israel and Judah, there are many available sources. ... This article is about the Jordan River and its valley in western Asia. ...

Although no regular classification is to be sought for in the Bible, animal creation is there practically divided into four classes, according to the four different modes of locomotion. Among the animals, some walk, others fly, many are essentially swimmers and several crawl on the ground. This classification, more empiric than logical, would not by any means satisfy a modern scientist. It must be known, however, if we wish fairly to understand the language of the Scriptures on the matters connected therewith. The first class, the behemôth, or beasts, in the Biblical parlance, includes all quadrupeds living on the earth, with the exception of the amphibia and such small animals as moles, mice, and the like. In biology and physics, animal locomotion is the study of how animals move, and is part of biophysics. ... Empirical is an adjective often used in conjunction with science, both the natural and social sciences, which means an observation or experiment based upon experience that is capable of being verified or disproved. ... Logic (from ancient Greek λόγος (logos), meaning reason) is the study of arguments. ... The physicist Albert Einstein is probably historys most widely recognized scientist. ... // Look up beast in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Quadrupedalism (from Latin, meaning four legs) is a form of land animal locomotion using four legs. ... For other uses, see Amphibian (disambiguation). ... Genera Uropsilus Desmana Galemys Talpa Mogera Parascaptor Scaptochirus Scaptonyx Scapanulus Urotrichus Neurotrichus Scalopus Parascalops Scapanus Condylura Moles are members of the family (Talpidae) of mammals in the order Insectivora that live underground, burrowing holes. ... Feral mouse A mouse (Plural mice) is a mammal that belongs to one of numerous species of small rodents. ...

Beasts are divided into cattle, or domesticated (behemoth in the strict sense), and beasts of the field, i.e. wild animals. The fowls, which constitute the second class, include not only the birds, but also "all things that fly", even if they "go upon four feet", as the different kinds of locusts. Of the many "living beings that swim in the water" no particular species is mentioned; the "great whales" are set apart in that class, while the rest are divided according as they have, or have not, fins and scales (Leviticus 11:9, 10). Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle (called cows in vernacular usage, kine archaic, or kye as the Scots plural of cou) are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ... Wild, in zoology or botany, is a rough if problematic antonym to domesticated: see wildlife. ... A fowl is a bird of any kind, although some types of birds use the word specifically in their names (for example, Guineafowl and Peafowl). ... Orders Many - see section below. ... Desert locust Nymph of Locust (Schistocera americana) with distinct wing-rudiments Locust from the 1915 Locust Plague For other meanings of the word Locust, see Locust (disambiguation). ... Whales are the largest species of exclusively aquatic mammals, members of the order Cetacea, which also includes dolphins and porpoises. ... A fin is a surface used to produce lift and thrust or to steer while traveling in water, air, or other fluid media. ... In most biological nomenclature, a scale (Greek lepid, Latin squama) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animals skin to provide protection. ... Leviticus is the third book of the Hebrew Bible, also the third book in the Torah (five books of Moses). ...

The reptiles, or "creeping things", form the fourth class. References to this class are relatively few. However, it should be noticed that the "creeping things" include not only the reptiles properly so called, but also all short-legged animals or insects which seem to crawl rather than to walk, such as moles, lizards, etc. From a religious viewpoint, all these animals are divided into two classes, clean and unclean, according as they can, or cannot, be eaten. Orders See text. ... Classes & Orders See taxonomy Insects are invertebrate animals of the Class Insecta, the largest and (on land) most widely-distributed taxon within the phylum Arthropoda. ... Families Many, see text. ... The Clean animals are listed in the book of Leviticus in the Torah. ... It has been suggested that Clean animals be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that Kosher foods be merged into this article or section. ...

See also the list of the animals in the Bible.

This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia. The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Catholic Encyclopedia (also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia today) is an English-language encyclopedia published in 1913 by the The Encyclopedia Press, designed to give authoritative information on the entire cycle of Catholic interests, action and doctrine. // History The writing of the encyclopedia began on January 11...