Animation is the technique in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result. When the frames are strung together and the resulting film is viewed at a speed of 16 or more frames per second, there is an illusion of continuous movement (due to the persistence of vision). Generating such a film is very labour intensive and tedious, though the development of computer animation has greatly sped up the process. Film refers to the celluloid media on which movies are printed Film — also called movies, the cinema, the silver screen, moving pictures, photoplays, picture shows, flicks, or motion pictures, — is a field that encompasses motion pictures as an art form or as part of the entertainment industry. ... Claymation is a moviemaking technique created by taking pictures of a clay object. ... Stop motion is an animation technique which makes things that are static appear to be moving. ... According to the theory of persistence of vision, the perceptual processes of the brain or the retina of the human eye retains an image for a split second. ... Computer animation is the art of creating moving images via the use of computers. ...

Graphics file formats like GIF, MNG and Flash allow animation to be viewed on a computer or over the Internet. See also Category:Graphics file formats Here is a summary of the most common graphics file formats: Some file formats, e. ... GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) is a bitmap image format that is widely used on the World Wide Web, both for still images and for animations. ... MNG (pronounced ming) is a public file format for animated images. ... Macromedia Flash or Flash refers to both a multimedia authoring program and the Macromedia Flash Player, written and distributed by Macromedia, that utilizes vector and bitmap graphics, sound and program code and bidirectional streaming video and audio. ...

Overview

For a look at the history of animation, please see the Wikipedia series "History of Animation". The history of film animation begins with the earliest days of silent film and continues through the present day. ...

Animation studios

Animation studios of the past

• Bray Productions
• DePatie-Freleng Enterprises
• Filmation
• Fleischer Studio
• Grantray-Lawrence Animation
• Hanna-Barbera Productions (now Cartoon Network Studios)
• Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
• Rankin-Bass
• Soyuzmultfilm
• Termite Terrace, a/k/a Warner Bros. Cartoons (now known as Warner Brothers Animation)
• UPA
• Van Beuren Studios
• Walter Lantz Studio

Bray Productions was the dominant animated series studio in the years before World War I. History The studio was founded in December of 1914 by J. R. Bray, perhaps the first first studio entirely devoted to animation, and series animation at that (he was probably beaten a few months earlier... DePatie-Freleng Enterprises (sometimes abbreviated to DFE) was a Hollywood-based animation production company, active from 1963 to 1981. ... Filmation was also the name of a technique for isometric graphics in 8-bits video games by Ultimate Play The Game. ... Fleischer Studios is an American New York animation company founded by the brothers, Max Fleischer and Dave Fleischer who ran the company from 1921-1942. ... Grantray-Lawrence Animation was a Canadian animation studio active from 1954 to 1967 and founded by Grant Simmons, Ray Patterson, and Robert Lawrence. ... Cartoon Network Studios, formerly known as Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc. ... Cartoon Network Studios, formerly known as Hanna_Barbera Cartoons, Inc. ... For alternate meanings of MGM, see MGM (disambiguation). ... Rankin-Bass (aka Videocraft International) is an American production company known for its seasonal television specials. ... The Studio Soyuzmultfilm is the most important Soviet animation film studio, founded in 1935 under the name of Soyuzdetmultfilm. ... Termite Terrace is the nickname for the old building in Sunset Boulevard, Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, USA where Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies were first created. ... The legacy of the United Productions of America animation studio, better known as UPA, has largely been forgotten in the wake of the animation renaissance of the 1990s; it has been overshadowed by the commercialization of Warner Bros. ... Van Beuren Studios was an animation studio that produced theatrical cartoons from 1930-1936. ... Walter Lantz Studio was an American animation studio. ...

Animation studios of the present era

Aardman Animations is a British stop motion animation studio founded by Peter Lord and David Sproxton in 1972. ... To banjax something means to break, damage or ruin it (Irish derivation) To be banjaxed is to be totally defeated or broken (Irish usage, mainly, popularised by Terry Wogan) Banjax was established by Darryl Collins, Richard Morss and Alastair McIlwain in December 2001. ... DiC Entertainment (pronounced deek) is a film production company which was created in 1971 by Jean Chalopin in Paris, France. ... DreamWorks Animation SKG, Inc. ... DPS Film Roman is an independent animation company based in Los Angeles, California. ... Folimage is a French animation company, based in Valence, France. ... Gainax (pronounced guy-nax) is a Japanese anime studio most famous for the television series Neon Genesis Evangelion. ... For the Muppet, see Gonzo (muppet). ... Klasky Csupo Inc. ... Madhouse Production is a Japanese animation studio. ... Mainframe Entertainment is a Canadian computer animation and design company based in Vancouver, Canada and Los Angeles, California. ... Toronto offices for the National Film Board of Canada The National Film Board of Canada (or NFB) is a Canadian public film-making organization organized to both fund and produce films that educate Canadians and promote Canada around the world. ... Nelvana is a Canadian company that produces childrens animation and other series. ... Pixars logo and mascot Luxo, Jr. ... Smallfilms was a partnership between Oliver Postgate (writer and narrator) and Peter Firmin (modelmaker and animator). ... SAF could mean Service Availability Forum in computing (External link) Singapore Armed Forces Slovenian Armed Forces South Asian Federation Svenska Arbetsgivareföreningen (Swedish Employers Association), a former Swedish organization, now part of Confederation of Swedish Enterprise (Svenskt Näringsliv) ŠAF or Škola Animiranog Filma, school of animation in Čakovec, Croatia In the... Spümcø International is a U.S. cartoon animation studio based in North Hollywood, California. ... Sony Pictures Animation is a division of Sony Pictures Entertainment, created in May 2002, which produces CG animated films. ... Studio 4°C is a Japanese animation studio founded by Koji Morimoto, Eiko Tanaka, and Yoshiharu Sato in 1986. ... A life-size model of a robot from the animation Laputa on top of the Ghibli Museum in Mitaka, Tokyo Studio Ghibli (スタジオジブリ) is a Japanese animation film studio. ... Walt Disney Feature Animation (WDFA) is the animation studio that makes up a key element of The Walt Disney Company. ... Williams Street Studios produces the animated series Aqua Teen Hunger Force, The Brak Show, Harvey Birdman, Attorney At Law, Sealab 2021 and Space Ghost: Coast to Coast. ... Zagreb Film is a Croatian film-producing company from Zagreb, founded in 1953. ...

Styles of animation

• Traditional animation
• Rotoscoping
• Computer animation
• Cutout animation
• Analog computer animation
• Motion capture
• Stop-motion animation
  • claymation
  • Pixilation
  • Puppet animation
• Limited animation
• Pinscreen animation
• Drawn on film animation

See also: Animated series, Anime (Japanese animation), List of movie genres Traditional animation, sometimes also called cel animation or hand-drawn animation, is the oldest and historically the most popular form of animation. ... A rotoscope is a device that enables animators to trace live action movement, frame by frame, for use in animation. ... Computer animation is the art of creating moving images via the use of computers. ... Cutout animation is a technique for producing animations using flat characters, props and backgrounds cut from materials such as paper, card, stiff fabric or even photographs. ... Scanimate is the name for an analog computer animation system developed from the late 1960s to the early 1980s. ... Motion capture, or mocap, is a technique of digitally recording the movements of real things — usually humans — it originally developed as an analysis tool in biomechanics research, but has grown increasingly important as a source of motion data for computer animation. ... Stop motion is an animation technique which makes things that are static appear to be moving. ... Claymation is a moviemaking technique created by taking pictures of a clay object. ... Pixilation (from pixilated) is a technique where real actors are used in an animated film, by repeatedly posing while one or more frame is taken and changing pose slightly before the next frame or frames. ... Limited animation is a process of making animated cartoons that does not follow a realistic approach. ... Pinscreen animation makes use of a screen filled with movable pins, which can be moved in or out by pressing an object onto the screen. ... Drawn on film animation (also known as direct animation) is an animation technique where footage is produced by creating the images directly on filmstock, as opposed to cel animation where the images are created on separate sheets of plastic before being photographed onto filmstock. ... An animated series or cartoon series is a television series produced by means of animation. ... Still from the movie Ghost in the Shell (1995) This article is about Japanese animation. ... A film genre is a rough categorization of films into genres, which describe the typical subject matter—what the film is about: Western films are about the American West, love stories are about love, and so on. ...

Techniques

• Character animation
• Special effects animation
• Onion skinning
• Cel shading

Character animation - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Special effects animation (or simply effects animation) is a specialization of the traditional animation and computer animation processes. ... Onion skinning is a 2D computer graphics term for a technique used in creating animated cartoons and editing movies to see several frames at once. ... Categories: Computer and video game stubs | Computer graphics ...

External links

• The Animation Department of the National Film and Television School UK  (http://www.nftsanimation.org)
• Animation Nation - a forum for professional animators (http://www.animationnation.com)
• Chronology of Animation (http://www.public.iastate.edu/~rllew/chronint.html)
• Animation links collection (http://www.public.iastate.edu/~rllew/animelinks.html)
• Zagreb Film (http://www.fh-wuerzburg.de/petzke/zagreb.html)
• SAF (http://www.safcakovec.com/), Čakovec school of animation
• Animation Directory (http://www.dmoz.org/Arts/Animation/)
• Don Markenstein's Toonopedia (http://www.toonopedia.com)
• Big Cartoon Database (http://www.bcdb.com/)
• Golden Age of Cartoons (http://www.goldenagecartoons.com/)
• Newgrounds (http://www.newgrounds.com/portal)