Anishinaabe language ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ Anishinaabemowin
Pronunciation:	IPA: [ənɪʃɪnaːbeːmoɰɪn]
Spoken in:	Canada, United States
Region:	Ontario, Manitoba and into Saskatchewan, with outlying groups as far west as British Columbia; in the United States, from Upper Michigan westward to North Dakota
Total speakers:	55,000
Language family:	Algic  Algonquian   Anishinaabe language
Writing system:	Ojibwe syllabary
Language codes
ISO 639-1:	oj
ISO 639-2:	oji
ISO/FDIS 639-3:	variously: oji — Ojibwa (generic) ojc — Central Ojibwe ciw — Chippewa ojg — Eastern Ojibwe ojb — Northwestern Ojibwe otw — Ottawa ojs — Severn Ojibwe ojw — Western Ojibwe
Pre-contact distribution of the Nakawēmowin, Ojibwemowin and Omaamiwininimowin dialects of the Anishinaabe language
Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. See IPA chart for English for an English-​based pronunciation key.

The Anishinaabe language or the Ojibwe group of languages or Anishinaabemowin (ᐊᓂᔑᓈᐯᒧᐎᓐ in Eastern Ojibwe syllabics) is the third most commonly spoken Native language in Canada (after Cree and Inuktitut), and the fourth most spoken in North America (behind Navajo, Cree, and Inuktitut). It is spoken by the Anishinaabeg who are the Algonquin, Nipissing, Ojibwa (Chippewa), Saulteaux, Mississaugas and Odawa (Ottawa). Very closely related to Anishinaabemowin and often included in this group are the Anishininimowin language and the Potawatomi language. As their fur trading with the French increased the Ojibwas’ power, the Anishinaabe language became the trade language of the Great Lakes region, and was for hundreds of years an extremely significant presence in the northern United States. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages None Flower White Trillium Tree Eastern White Pine Bird Common Loon Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Official languages English and French, per mandate of the Constitution Act 1982 Flower Prairie Crocus Tree White Spruce Bird Great Grey Owl Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: From many peoples, strength) Official languages English Flower Western Red Lily Tree Paper Birch Bird Sharp-tailed Grouse Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14 6 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of... Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Official languages English de facto (none stated in law) Flower Pacific dogwood Tree Western Redcedar Bird Stellers Jay Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 36 6 Area... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Area  Ranked 11th  - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 491 miles (790 km)  - % water 41. ... Official language(s) English Capital Bismarck Largest city Fargo Area  Ranked 19th  - Total 70,762 sq mi (183,272 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 340 miles (545 km)  - % water 2. ... Current distribution of Human Language Families Most languages are known to belong to language families. ... The Algic (also Algonquian-Wiyot-Yurok or Algonquian-Ritwan) languages are an indigenous language family of North America. ... Pre-contact distribution of Algonquian languages The Algonquian (also Algonkian) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family (the two Algic languages that are not Algonquian are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern California). ... Writing systems of the world today. ... The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... ISO 639-1 is the first part of the ISO 639 international-standard language-code family. ... ISO 639-2:1998 Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 2: Alpha-3 code Twenty-two of the languages have two three-letter codes: a code for bibliographic use (ISO 639-2/B) a code for terminological use (ISO 639-2/T). ... ISO 639-3 is in process of development as an international standard for language codes. ... For other uses of Chippewa, see Chippewa (disambiguation). ... The Ottawa (also Odawa, Odaawa, Outaouais, or Trader) are a Native American and First Nations people. ... The Nishnawbe-Aski, also known as the Oji-Cree, Anishinini or, less correctly, Severn Ojibwe, are a First Nation in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba, residing in a narrow band extending from the Missinaibi River region in Northeastern Ontario at the east to Lake Winnipeg at the west. ... The Saulteaux are a First Nation in Ontario, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan, Canada. ... Image File history File links Ojibwe_Language_Map. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... Phonetics (from the Greek word φωνή, phone meaning sound, voice) is the study of sounds and the human voice. ... Because of technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... This is a concise version of the International Phonetic Alphabet for English sounds. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Cree is the name for a group of closely-related Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 50,000 speakers across Canada, from Alberta to Labrador. ... Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ... Reading Adahooniigii — The Navajo Language Monthly Navajo or Navaho (native name: Diné bizaad) is an Athabaskan language (of Na-Dené stock) spoken in the southwest United States by the Navajo people (Diné). It is geographically and linguistically one of the Southern Athabaskan languages (the majority of Athabaskan languages are spoken... Anishinaabe or more properly Anishinaabeg or Anishinabek (which is the plural form of the word) is a self-description often used by people belonging to the indigenous Odawa, Ojibwe, and Algonkin peoples of North America, who share closely related Algonquian languages. ... This article is about the Native American tribe. ... The Nipissing First Nation consists of first nation (i. ... Chippewa redirects here. ... The Saulteaux are a First Nation in Ontario, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan, Canada. ... The Mississaugas are a native people located in Southern Ontario. ... The Ottawa (also Odawa, Odaawa, Outaouais, or Trader) are a Native American and First Nations people. ... Anishininimowin (also known as Oji-Cree or Severn Ojibwa) is the language of the Nishnawbe-Aski (or Oji-Cree) First Nation of Ontario. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... The Great Lakes from space The Great Lakes are a group of five large lakes in North America on or near the Canada-United States border. ...

Classification

Anishinaabemowin, often simply called as the "Ojibwe language," is an Algonquian language, of the Algic family of languages, and is descended from Proto-Algonquian. Among its sister languages are Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Cree, Fox, Menominee, Potawatomi, and Shawnee. The Algic family contains the Algonquian languages and the so-called "Ritwan" languages, Wiyot and Yurok. Ojibwe is frequently referred to as a "Central Algonquian" language; however, Central Algonquian is an areal grouping rather than a genetic one. Among Algonquian languages, only the Eastern Algonquian languages constitute a true genetic subgroup. This article deals primarily with the Southwestern Ojibwe dialect spoken in the northern United States, around Minnesota and Wisconsin. Therefore, some of the descriptions given here will not necessarily hold true for other dialects of the Anishinaabe language, unless an example is specifically given. The Algonquian languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family (others are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern California). ... The Algic (also Algonquian-Wiyot-Yurok or Algonquian-Ritwan) languages are an indigenous language family of North America. ... Proto-Algonquian (commonly abbreviated PA) is the name given to the posited proto-language of the languages of the Algonquian family. ... Blackfoot is the name of any of the Algonquian languages spoken by the Blackfoot tribe of Native Americans, who currently live in the northwestern plains of North America. ... The Cheyenne language (TsÄ—hesenÄ—stsestotse or, in easier spelling, Tsisinstsistots) is a Native American language spoken in present-day Montana and Oklahoma, USA. It is part of the Algonquian language family. ... Cree is the name for a group of closely-related Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 50,000 speakers across Canada, from Alberta to Labrador. ... Fox (known by a variety of different names, including Mesquakie, Meskwaki, Mesquakie-Sauk, Mesquakie-Sauk-Kickapoo, Sac and Fox, and others) is an Algonquian Indian language, spoken by around 1000 Fox, Sauk, and Kickapoo in various locations in the Midwestern United States. ... The Menominee language is an Algonquian language spoken on the Menominee (Menomini) Nation lands in Northern Wisconsin in the United States. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Distribution of the Shawnee language around 1650 The Shawnee language is a Central Algonquian language spoken in parts of central and northeastern Oklahoma by only around 200 Shawnee, making it very endangered. ... The Algic (also Algonquian-Wiyot-Yurok or Algonquian-Ritwan) languages are an indigenous language family of North America. ... Wiyot (also Wishosk) is an extinct Algic language. ... Yurok (also Weitspekan) is a moribund Algic language. ... The Eastern Algonquian languages are a subgroup of the larger Algonquian family, itself a member of the Algic family; prior to European contact, the family consisted of around 17 languages, which streched from Newfoundland south into North Carolina. ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Area  Ranked 12th  - Total 87,014 sq mi (225,365 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 8. ... Official language(s) None Capital Madison Largest city Milwaukee Area  Ranked 23rd  - Total 65,498 sq mi (169,790 km²)  - Width 260 miles (420 km)  - Length 310 miles (500 km)  - % water 17  - Latitude 42°30N to 47°3N  - Longitude 86°49W to 92°54W Population  Ranked...

Geographic distribution

The Anishinaabe language is spoken by around 10,000 people in the United States and by as many as 45,000 in Canada, making it one of the largest Algic languages by speakers. The various dialects are spoken in northern Montana, northern North Dakota, northern Minnesota, northern Wisconsin, Michigan and northern Indiana in the United States, and north into eastern British Columbia, southern Alberta, southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, Ontario, and west-central Quebec in Canada. The Algic (also Algonquian-Wiyot-Yurok or Algonquian-Ritwan) languages are an indigenous language family of North America. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Official language(s) English Capital Bismarck Largest city Fargo Area  Ranked 19th  - Total 70,762 sq mi (183,272 km²)  - Width 210 miles (340 km)  - Length 340 miles (545 km)  - % water 2. ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Area  Ranked 12th  - Total 87,014 sq mi (225,365 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 8. ... Official language(s) None Capital Madison Largest city Milwaukee Area  Ranked 23rd  - Total 65,498 sq mi (169,790 km²)  - Width 260 miles (420 km)  - Length 310 miles (500 km)  - % water 17  - Latitude 42°30N to 47°3N  - Longitude 86°49W to 92°54W Population  Ranked... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Area  Ranked 11th  - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 491 miles (790 km)  - % water 41. ... Official language(s) English Capital Indianapolis Largest city Indianapolis Area  Ranked 38th  - Total 36,418 sq mi (94,321 km²)  - Width 140 miles (225 km)  - Length 270 miles (435 km)  - % water 1. ... Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Official languages English de facto (none stated in law) Flower Pacific dogwood Tree Western Redcedar Bird Stellers Jay Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 36 6 Area... Motto: Fortis et liber (Latin: Strong and free) Official languages English (see below) Flower   Wild rose Tree Lodgepole Pine Bird Great Horned Owl Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 28 6 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: From many peoples, strength) Official languages English Flower Western Red Lily Tree Paper Birch Bird Sharp-tailed Grouse Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14 6 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Official languages English and French, per mandate of the Constitution Act 1982 Flower Prairie Crocus Tree White Spruce Bird Great Grey Owl Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages None Flower White Trillium Tree Eastern White Pine Bird Common Loon Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total... Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Official languages French Flower Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor Linné) Tree Yellow Birch Bird Snowy Owl Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Lieutenant-Governor Lise Thibault Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 75 24 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of...

Dialects

The Anishinaabe language has quite a few divergent dialects. The primary ones are Nipissing and Algonquin, Plains Ojibwe (Saulteaux/Bungee), Eastern Ojibwe (Mississaugas), Northern Ojibwe (Northwestern Ojibwa/Ontario Saulteaux), Odaawaa (Ottawa), Severn Ojibwe (Oji-Cree/Northern Ojibwa), and Southwestern Ojibwe (Chippewa). Algonquin (or Algonkin) is an Algonquian language closely related to Ojibwe. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The Mississaugas are a native people located in Southern Ontario. ... Anishininimowin (also known as Oji-Cree or Severn Ojibwa) is the language of the Nishnawbe-Aski (or Oji-Cree) First Nation of Ontario. ...

Anicinàbemowin (Omàmiwininimowin)

Ethnologue entries and SIL codes: ALQ (Algonquin)

Main article: Algonquin language

The Algonquin Language, also known as the Omaamiwininimowin Dialect of the Anishinaabe Language, was the first language of the Ojibwe language group in contact with the Europeans. It is the eastern-most form of Anishinaabemowin. Due to associated trade with the continent's interior, all languages similar in structure to the Algonquin Language were then described as being an Algonquian language. Omaamiwininimowin, due to cultural differences, are divided into two groups: Nipissing speaking the Anishinaabemowin (Omaamiwininimowin) language and the Algonquin speaking the Anicinàbemowin (Omàmiwininimowin) language. The Algonquin language proper, also known as Northern Omaamiwininimowin, is spoken along the Ottawa River valley of present day Quebec-Ontario border, centered around Lake Abitibi. The Nipissing language proper, also known as Southern Omaamiwininimowin, is located about Lake Nipissing in Ontario. Both divisions have little difficulties communicating with each other. However, Algonquin is considered by some to be a particularly divergent dialect of Anishinaabemowin, and by others to be a distinct language which is very similar to Anishinaabemowin, due to Northern Omaamiwininimowin often acting a transition language between the Ojibwe language group and Abnaki. Similarly, if the Algonquin language were treated as a fully separate language, Southern Omaamiwininimowin would then act as a transition between the Algonquin language proper and the rest of the Ojibwe group of languages. The Ojibwe often do describe the Nipissing as Omaamiwinini and their language as Omaamiwininimowin but calls the Algonquins instead as Odishkwaagamii and their language as Odishkwaagamiimowin. However, the Nipissing describe their language in English, not as being Ojibwa, but instead as Algonquin. Speakers of this dialect generally use the Algonquin Roman but some speakers will use the eastern Ojibwe syllabics, with either the a-finals or i-finals, with the exception of the northern-most communities showing some use of mixed-finals. Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization which studies lesser-known languages primarily to provide the speakers with Bibles in their native language. ... SIL International is a worldwide non-profit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document lesser-known languages in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy and aid minority language development. ... Algonquin (or Algonkin) is an Algonquian language closely related to Ojibwe. ... The Algonquian languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family (others are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern California). ... The Nipissing First Nation consists of first nation (i. ... This article is about the Native American tribe. ... This is about the river in Canada. ... Motto: Je me souviens (French: I remember) Official languages French Flower Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor Linné) Tree Yellow Birch Bird Snowy Owl Capital Quebec City Largest city Montreal Lieutenant-Governor Lise Thibault Premier Jean Charest (PLQ) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 75 24 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages None Flower White Trillium Tree Eastern White Pine Bird Common Loon Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total... Lake Abitibi is a lake in northeastern Ontario and western Quebec, Canada. ... View of Lake Nipissing from North Bay. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages None Flower White Trillium Tree Eastern White Pine Bird Common Loon Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total... Algonquin (or Algonkin) is an Algonquian language closely related to Ojibwe. ... Abenaki wigwam with birch bark covering The Abenaki (also Wabanaki) are a tribe of Native Americans belonging to the Algonquian peoples of the Northeast portion of North America. ... Chippewa redirects here. ... The Nipissing First Nation consists of first nation (i. ... This article is about the Native American tribe. ... The Nipissing First Nation consists of first nation (i. ... Chippewa redirects here. ... This article is about the Native American tribe. ... The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ...

Anishinaabemowin (Ojibwemowin)

Anishinaabe language spread in the United States.

Ethnologue entries and SIL codes: CIW (Southwestern Ojibwe ("Chippewa")), OJC (Central Ojibwe), OJB (North(west)ern Ojibwe)

The Ojibwemowin dialect of the Anishinaabe language is commonly referred as the Ojibwa language, Chippewa language, or Anishinaabe language proper. Of all the dialects of the Anishinaabeg, this dialect is the most numerous in number of speakers. Depending on the sources, this dialect is generally broken down to three smaller sub-dialects, driven mainly by the differing political climate affecting Ojibwemowin, resulting in differences in some word usage. Ethnologue entries and SIL International generally will group all of the Ojibwemowin spoken in the United States as "Chippewa," Canada's Treaty No. 3 and western Robinson-Superior Treaty areas as the "Northwestern Ojibwa," and eastern Robinson-Superior and Robinson-Huron Treaty areas between Lake Nipigon and Lake Nipissing as "Central Ojibwa." However, The Linguasphere Register calls Ethnologue's "Central Ojibwa" as "Eastern Anissinapek" and extends the boundaries into Michigan. The Linguasphere Register also combines the other two Ethnologue dialects with the Anihšināpēmowin dialect and call this combination "Southwestern Anissinapek", but provides a third dialect spoken around Lake of the Woods as "Southern Anissinapek." Image File history File links Ojibwa_USC2000_PHS.svg‎ Summary The language spread of Ojibwa in the United States according to U. S. Census 2000 and other resources interpreted by research of U. S. ENGLISH Foundation, percentage of home speakers. ... Image File history File links Ojibwa_USC2000_PHS.svg‎ Summary The language spread of Ojibwa in the United States according to U. S. Census 2000 and other resources interpreted by research of U. S. ENGLISH Foundation, percentage of home speakers. ... Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization which studies lesser-known languages primarily to provide the speakers with Bibles in their native language. ... SIL International is a worldwide non-profit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document lesser-known languages in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy and aid minority language development. ... Anishinaabe or more properly Anishinaabeg or Anishinabek (which is the plural form of the word) is a self-description often used by people belonging to the indigenous Odawa, Ojibwe, and Algonkin peoples of North America, who share closely related Algonquian languages. ... Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization which studies lesser-known languages primarily to provide the speakers with Bibles in their native language. ... SIL International is a worldwide non-profit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document lesser-known languages in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy and aid minority language development. ... Treaty 3 was a treaty contract signed on 3 October 1887 between the Ojibway Nation and Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. ... Robinson Treaty may refer to one of two treaties signed between the Ojibwa chiefs and The Crown, represented by William Benjamin Robinson. ... Robinson Treaty may refer to one of two treaties signed between the Ojibwa chiefs and The Crown, represented by William Benjamin Robinson. ... Robinson Treaty may refer to one of two treaties signed between the Ojibwa chiefs and The Crown, represented by William Benjamin Robinson. ... Lake Nipigon (French : lac Nipigon) is the largest lake entirely within the boundaries of the Canadian province of Ontario and is sometimes described as the sixth Great Lake. ... View of Lake Nipissing from North Bay. ... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Area  Ranked 11th  - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 491 miles (790 km)  - % water 41. ... Lake of the Woods from space, May 1998 Lake of the Woods. ...

Speakers of this dialect do not have a set orthography to present the language in writing, thus varying from community to community, and even from one speaker to another. For the purposes of international communication, though, often the Double vowel spelling is used. Among educators, the Double vowel system is gaining popularity due to its ease of use. Syllabics are generally used in Canada and in areas adjacent to Canada in the United States. Roman spelling is found throughout the range of this dialect, but the Ojibwemowin speakers in Canada when using a Roman spelling, generally perfer either the Folk Spelling or the Hybrid spelling, though Double vowel system is gaining popularity. In the United States, Double vowel and the Folk systems are generally used. The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ...

Anihšināpēmowin (Nakawēmowin)

Ethnologue entries and SIL codes: OJW (Plains Ojibwe/Saulteaux ("Western Ojibwe"))

Known as Plains Ojibwe, Saulteaux or Bungee, these Western Ojibwe call themselves Nakawē and their form of Anihšināpēmowin as Nakawēmowin. This dialect is sometimes broken down by sub-regions as "Manitoba Saulteaux" (spoken in Manitoba and part of Saskatchewan) and "Western Saulteaux" (spoken in Saskatchewan and westward). Unlike Ojibwemowin where speakers often resist importing non-Anishinaabe words, Nakawēmowin often incorporates words from other languages. The Nakawēmowin dialect have higher instances of Cree, French and English word borrowings. While the Manitoba Saulteaux is more like their woodlands counterpart of Ontario Saulteaux, Western Saulteaux further incorporate words from other languages found in the northern Great Plains of Saskatchewan, Alberta and western British Columbia. The Bungee dialect or language, used by the Nakawē Métis population, further incorporates additional words from Scottish Gaelic. Many communities write using western Ojibwe syllabics, but others use the Saulteaux-Cree Roman. Another distinct feature of Nakawēmowin, when compared to the Ojibwemowin, is the variability in some communities between sh and zh with s and z, but more commonly where sh and zh have merged with s and z. Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization which studies lesser-known languages primarily to provide the speakers with Bibles in their native language. ... SIL International is a worldwide non-profit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document lesser-known languages in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy and aid minority language development. ... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Official languages English and French, per mandate of the Constitution Act 1982 Flower Prairie Crocus Tree White Spruce Bird Great Grey Owl Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: From many peoples, strength) Official languages English Flower Western Red Lily Tree Paper Birch Bird Sharp-tailed Grouse Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14 6 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of... Cree is the name for a group of closely-related Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 50,000 speakers across Canada, from Alberta to Labrador. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The Great Plains is the broad expanse of prairie which lies east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada. ... Motto: Multis E Gentibus Vires (Latin: From many peoples, strength) Official languages English Flower Western Red Lily Tree Paper Birch Bird Sharp-tailed Grouse Capital Regina Largest city Saskatoon Lieutenant-Governor Gordon Barnhart Premier Lorne Calvert (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14 6 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of... Motto: Fortis et liber (Latin: Strong and free) Official languages English (see below) Flower   Wild rose Tree Lodgepole Pine Bird Great Horned Owl Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Lieutenant-Governor Norman Kwong Premier Ed Stelmach (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 28 6 Area Total  - Land  - Water  (% of total... Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Official languages English de facto (none stated in law) Flower Pacific dogwood Tree Western Redcedar Bird Stellers Jay Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 36 6 Area... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Mestizo. ... Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ... The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ...

Nishnaabemwin (Jibwemwin/Daawaamwin)

Ethnologue entries and SIL codes: OJG (Eastern Ojibwe), OTW (Odaawaa)

A defining characteristic of many of the more northern and eastern dialects is that they exhibit a great deal of vowel syncope, the deletion of vowels in certain positions within a word. In these dialects, generally all unstressed short vowels are lost (see the article on Ojibwe phonology for a discussion of Ojibwe stress). For example, the name for the language itself in the Odaawaa language, also known as Daawaamwin, is Nishnaabemwin, where the unstressed vowels from Anishinaabemowin have been lost. The main difference between Jibwemwin (Eastern Ojibwe or Mississaugas) and Daawaamwin is the choice of words and expressions. Otherwise, both divisions of Nishnaabemwin have little or no difficulties understanding each other. This dialect is generally written with a modified Fiero-Nichols Double vowel system called Rhodes Double vowel system. Daawaamwin speakers sometime use the Great Lakes Aboriginal Syllabics when putting their language in writing. Ontario Ministry of Education calls this dialect Central Ojibwa. Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization which studies lesser-known languages primarily to provide the speakers with Bibles in their native language. ... SIL International is a worldwide non-profit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document lesser-known languages in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy and aid minority language development. ... Syncope has two distinct and apparantly unrelated meanings, one in linguistics and another in medicne. ... The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... Great Lakes Aboriginal Syllabics is a Latin-based syllabic system used by the the Native Americans tribes surrounding the Great Lakes. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages None Flower White Trillium Tree Eastern White Pine Bird Common Loon Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total... The Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities are the agencies of the Government of Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario responsible for government policy, funding, curriculum planning and direction in all levels of public education, including elementary schools, high schools, colleges and universities. ...

Neshnabémwen (Bodéwadmimwen)

Ethnologue entries and SIL codes: POT (Potawatomi).

Main article: Potawatomi language

One of the traditional names for the Potawatomi language is Neshnabémwen, which like the Nishnaabemwin dialect, the name indicates this language or dialect exhibits a great deal of vowel syncope. Unlike the Nishnaabemwin, Neshnabémwen also reduces the quality of the unstressed short vowels not lost in syncope to a schwa. In addition, Neshnabémwen retains in some words a postconsonantal "y", which is no longer found in any of the other Ojibwe group languages. Because of the development of these differences and some vocabulary wording differences of significance since the contact period, such as large-scale borrowing from the Sac and Fox, though Potawatomi was at one time a full member of the Ojibwe language group, it is now considered a separate language. However, among the Anishinaabeg, many still consider the Potawatomi language as a dialect of Anishinaabemowin. Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization which studies lesser-known languages primarily to provide the speakers with Bibles in their native language. ... SIL International is a worldwide non-profit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document lesser-known languages in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy and aid minority language development. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Syncope has two distinct and apparantly unrelated meanings, one in linguistics and another in medicne. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... Fox (known by a variety of different names, including Mesquakie, Meskwaki, Mesquakie-Sauk, Mesquakie-Sauk-Kickapoo, Sac and Fox, and others) is an Algonquian Indian language, spoken by around 1000 Fox, Sauk, and Kickapoo in various locations in the Midwestern United States. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Anishinaabe or more properly Anishinaabeg or Anishinabek (which is the plural form of the word) is a self-description often used by people belonging to the indigenous Odawa, Ojibwe, and Algonkin peoples of North America, who share closely related Algonquian languages. ...

Anishininiimowin

Ethnologue entries and SIL codes: OJS (Severn Ojibwe)

Main article: Anishininimowin language

Called in English Oji-Cree, Cree-Saulteaux, Cree-Ojibwa, Severn Ojibwe or Northern Ojibwa, the Anishininiimowin language is spoken in northern northwestern Ontario and east-central Manitoba. It is a transition language that can be considered either a dialect of Anishinaabemowin or a dialect of Nēhināwēmowin (Cree Language), or an independent language in its own right. Anishininiimowin speakers generally prefer to write the language using Syllabics. Among vocabulary words not common between Anishinaabemowin and Nēhināwēmowin, Anishininiimowin draws equally from both. However, considering that Anishininiimowin language, contemprary Ojibwemowin dialect of Anishinaabe language and Swampy Cree dialect of the Cree language are all the n-dialect of each of their respective languages, often it is impossible to make a distinction of Anishininiimowin from either Anishinaabemowin or Nēhināwēmowin. In addition, Anishininiimowin vowel qualities are more in line with Anishinaabemowin, even with words drawn from Nēhināwēmowin. It has several dialects or sub-dialects, known by the region of its use: Winisk River, Severn River, Sandy Lake and Island Lake. Ethnologue: Languages of the World is a web and print publication of SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics), a Christian linguistic service organization which studies lesser-known languages primarily to provide the speakers with Bibles in their native language. ... SIL International is a worldwide non-profit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document lesser-known languages in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy and aid minority language development. ... Anishininimowin (also known as Oji-Cree or Severn Ojibwa) is the language of the Nishnawbe-Aski (or Oji-Cree) First Nation of Ontario. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Latin: Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Official languages None Flower White Trillium Tree Eastern White Pine Bird Common Loon Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 106 24 Area Total... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Official languages English and French, per mandate of the Constitution Act 1982 Flower Prairie Crocus Tree White Spruce Bird Great Grey Owl Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seats  - Senate seats 14... Cree is the name for a group of closely-related Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 50,000 speakers across Canada, from Alberta to Labrador. ... The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... Swampy Cree is spoken by people from northern Manitoba, and Western Ontario. ... Cree is the name for a group of closely-related Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 50,000 speakers across Canada, from Alberta to Labrador. ...

Phonology

Main article: Ojibwe phonology

Ojibwe group of languages generally have 18 consonants. Obstruents are often said to have a lenis/fortis contrast, where those written as voiceless are pronounced more strongly, significantly longer in duration, and often aspirated or pre-aspirated, while those written as voiced are pronounced less strongly and significantly shorter in duration. For many communities, however, the distinction has become a simple voiced/voiceless one. The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... In phonetics, an obstruent is a consonant sound formed by obstructing the airway. ... Fortis (from Latin fortis strong) and lenis (from Latin lenis weak) are linguistics terms. ... In phonetics, a voiceless consonant is a consonant that does not have voicing. ... In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of air that accompanies the release of some obstruents. ... A voiced consonant is a sound made as the vocal cords vibrate, as opposed to a voiceless consonant, where the vocal cords are relaxed. ...

There are three short vowels, /i a o/, and three corresponding long vowels, /iː aː oː/, as well as a fourth long vowel which lacks a corresponding short vowel, /eː/. The short vowels differ in quality as well as quantity from the long vowels, are phonetically closer to [ɪ], [ə]~[ʌ], and [o]~[ʊ]. /oː/ is pronounced [uː] for many speakers, and /eː/ is for many [ɛː]. There are also nasal vowels, which are comparatively rare. In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound. ... A nasal vowel is a vowel that is produced with a lowering of the velum so that air escapes both through the mouth and the nose. ...

With regards to stress, the Anishinaabe language divides words into metrical "feet," each foot containing a strong syllable and (if two-syllables long) a weak syllable. The strong syllables all receive at least secondary stress. In general, the strong syllable in the third foot from the end of a word receives the primary stress. In many dialects, unstressed vowels are frequently lost or change quality.

Grammar

Main article: Ojibwe grammar

Like many Native American languages, the Anishinaabe language is polysynthetic, meaning it exhibits a great deal of synthesis and a very high morpheme-to-word ratio. It is agglutinating, and thus builds up words by stringing morpheme after morpheme together, rather than having several affixes, each of which carry numerous different pieces of information. The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... Polysynthetic languages are highly synthetic languages, i. ... A synthetic language, in linguistic typology, is a language with a high morpheme-to-word ratio. ... In morpheme-based morphology, a morpheme is the smallest lingual unit that carries a semantic interpretation. ... It has been suggested that Agglutination be merged into this article or section. ...

There is a distinction between two different types of third person, the proximate (the third person deemed more important or in-focus) and the obviative (the third person deemed less important or out-of-focus). Nouns can be singular or plural, and one of two genders, animate or inanimate. Separate personal pronouns exist, but are usually used for emphasis; they distinguish inclusive and exclusive first person plurals. Grammatical person, in linguistics, is used for the grammatical categories a language uses to describe the relationship between the speaker and the persons or things she is talking about. ... Animacy is a grammatical category, usually of nouns, which influences the form a verb takes when it is associated with that noun. ... Animacy is a grammatical category, usually of nouns, which influences the form a verb takes when it is associated with that noun. ... In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun is a pro-form that substitutes for a noun phrase. ... Inclusive we is a pronoun or verb conjugation that indicates the inclusion of the speaker, the addressee, and perhaps other people, as opposed to exclusive we, which specifically excludes the addressee. ... Inclusive we is a pronoun or verb conjugation that indicates the inclusion of the speaker, the addressee, and perhaps other people, as opposed to exclusive we, which specifically excludes the addressee. ... ...

Verbs constitute the most complex word class. Verbs are inflected for one of three orders (indicative, the default, conjunct, used for participles and in subordinate clauses, and imperative, used with commands), as negative or affirmative, and for the person, number, animacy, and proximate/obviative status of both its subject and object, as well as for several different modes (including the dubitative and preterit) and tenses. A clause is a group of words consisting of a subject (often just a single noun) and a predicate (sometimes just a single verb). ...

Vocabulary

Although it does contain a few loans from English (gaapii, "coffee," maam(aa), "mom") and French (naapaane, "flour" (from la farine, "the flour"), ni-tii, "tea" (from le thé, "the tea")), in general, the Anishinaabe language is notable for its relative lack of borrowing from other languages. Instead, speakers far prefer to create words for new concepts from existing vocabulary. For example in Ojibwemowin, "airplane" is bemisemagak, literally "thing that flies" (from bimisemagad, "to fly"), and "battery" is ishkode-makakoons, literally "little fire-box" (from ishkode, "fire," and makak, "box"). Even "coffee" is called makade-mashkikiwaaboo ("black liquid-medicine") by many speakers, rather than gaapii.

Writing system

Main article: Ojibwe writing systems

Ojibwemowin is written using a syllabary, which is usually said to have been developed by missionary James Evans around 1840 and based on Pitman's shorthand. In the United States, the language is most often written phonemically with Roman characters. Syllabics are primarily used in Canada. The newest Roman character-based writing system is the Double Vowel System, devised by Charles Fiero. Although there is no standard orthography, the Double Vowel System is quickly gaining popularity among language teachers in the United States and Canada because of its ease of use. The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... James Evans (January 18, 1801 – November 23, 1846) was a Canadian Methodist missionary and amateur linguist. ... Pitman Shorthand is a system of rapid writing developed by Sir Isaac Pitman (1813-1897). ... The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ...

Double Vowel System

The Double Vowel System consists of three short vowels, four long vowels, 18 consonants and 1 nasal, represented with the following Roman letters:
The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ...

a aa b ch d e g ' h i ii j k m n ny o oo p s sh t w y z zh

This system is called "Double Vowel" from the fact that the long vowel correspondences to the short vowels <a>, <i> and <o> are written with a doubled value. In this system, the nasal "ny" as a final element is instead written as "nh." The allowable consonant clusters are <mb>, <nd>, <ng>, <n'>, <nj>, <nz>, <ns>, <nzh>, <sk>, <shp>, <sht> and <shk>.

Examples

This Ojibwemowin example text is taken, with permission, from the first four lines of Niizh Ikwewag, a story originally told by Earl Nyholm, on Professor Brian Donovan of Bemidji State University's webpage.

Text

1. Aabiding gii-ayaawag niizh ikwewag: mindimooyenh, odaanisan bezhig.
2. Iwidi Chi-achaabaaning akeyaa gii-onjibaawag.
3. Inashke naa mewinzha gii-aawan, mii eta go imaa sa wiigiwaaming gaa-taawaad igo.
4. Mii dash iwapii, aabiding igo gii-awi-bagida'waawaad, giigoonyan wii-amwaawaad.

Translation

1. Once there were two women: an old lady, and one of her daughters.
2. They were from over there towards Inger. 47°33′15″N, 93°59′07″W
3. See now, it was long ago; they just lived there in a wigwam.
4. And at that time, once they went net-fishing; they intended to eat fish.

Gloss

Abbreviations:

The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. ... The word singular may refer to one of several concepts. ... Look up Plural in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Plural is a grammatical number, typically referring to more than one of the referent in the real world. ... Possessive can refer to: Possessive case Possessive pronoun This is a disambiguation page &#8212; a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Narrator. ... Locative is a case which indicates a location. ... The word emphasis, in addition to its main dictionary meaning, may have the following techincal meanings. ... In linguistics and semantics contrast is a relationship between two discourse segments. ... It has been suggested that Future perfect tense be merged into this article or section. ... In linguistics, a desiderative form is one that has the meaning of wanting to X. Desiderative forms are often verbs, derived from a more basic verb through a process of morphological derivation. ...

See also

• Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics
• Algonquian languages
• List of languages
• Ojibwa
• Wiktionary

Canadian aboriginal syllabic writing (often syllabics for short) is a family of writing schemes which are used to write a number of aboriginal Canadian languages from the Algonquian, Athabaskan and Inuit language families. ... Pre-contact distribution of Algonquian languages The Algonquian (also Algonkian) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic language family (the two Algic languages that are not Algonquian are Wiyot and Yurok of northwestern California). ... This list of languages is alphabetical by English name. ... Chippewa redirects here. ...

References

• Mithun, Marianne. 1999. The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: University Press.
• Nichols, John D. and Earl Nyholm. 1995. A Concise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
• Picard, Marc. 1984. On the Naturalness of Algonquian ɬ. International Journal of American Linguistics 50:424-37.
• Rhodes, Richard A. 1985. Eastern Ojibwa-Chippewa-Ottawa Dictionary. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
• Valentine, J. Randolph. 2001. Nishnaabemwin Reference Grammar. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

External links

• Ojibwe Language Society
  • OLS Miinawaa — Yahoo Group extension of the Ojibwe Language Society
• Rand Valentine's introduction to Ojibwe
• Grammar, lessons, and dictionaries
• Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary — Freeware off-line dictionary, updated with additional entries every 6-10 weeks.
• Language Museum report for Ojibwe
• Aboriginal Languages of Canada — With data on speaker populations
• Language Geek Page on Ojibwe — Syllabary fonts and keyboard emulators are also available from this site.
• Ojibwe Toponyms
• Our Languages: Nakawē (Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre)
• Niizh Ikwewag — A short story in Ojibwe, originally told by Earl Nyholm, emeritus professor of Ojibwe at Bemidji State University.
• Ethnologue report for Ojibwe
• Native Languages: A Support Document for the Teaching of Language Patterns, Ojibwe and Cree
• The Linguasphere Register. 1999 / 2000 edition. Algic sector.