Annadel State Park
Lupines in a meadow, Annadel State Park
Location:	Sonoma County, California, USA
Area:	5,000 acres

Annadel State Park, Sonoma County, California, USA is situated at the northern edge of Sonoma Valley and offers many recreational activities within its 5,000 acre (2,000 ha) property. The rock formations of Annadel have been central to its history: from volcanic origin; to Native American use of obsidian; to early 1900s mining of cobblestones; and now hikers' appreciating the volcanic rock outcrops. Image File history File links Lupines_AnnadelStateParkCA.jpg‎ copy of commons used here for dyk Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1. ... For other uses of the word see: Lupin (disambiguation) Species over 150 recognised species, including: Lupinus albus Lupinus angustifolius Lupinus arboreus Lupinus luteus Lupinus mutabilis Lupinus nootkatensis Lupinus polyphyllus Lupinus x regalis Lupinus texensis Lupin, often spelled lupine in the US, is the common name for members of the genus... Sonoma County is a county located on the Pacific coast of the U.S. state of California, north of Marin County and the San Francisco Bay Area. ... Today in a town we like to call sonoma valley about 17 minutes away from santa rosa Sean virrtoes was cought with his pants down and know we have reason to believe that sean is not straight but might be gay we have reached a new world change, ALSo just... A hectare (symbol ha) is a unit of area, equal to 10,000 square metres, commonly used for measuring land area. ... Native Americans (also Indians, Aboriginal Peoples, American Indians, First Nations, Alaskan Natives, Amerindians, or Indigenous Peoples of America) are the indigenous inhabitants of The Americas prior to the European colonization, and their modern descendants. ... Obsidian from Lake County, Oregon Top stone is obsidian, below that is pumice and in lower right hand is rhyolite (light color) Obsidian is a type of naturally occurring glass, produced by volcanoes (igneous origin) when a felsic lava cools rapidly and freezes without sufficient time for crystal growth (see... A cobblestone-covered street Cobblestones are stones used in the pavement of early streets. ... Two hikers in the Mount Hood National Forest Eagle_Creek hiking Hiking is a form of walking, undertaken with the specific purpose of exploring and enjoying the scenery. ... Volcano 1. ... Outcrop is a geological term referring to the appearance of bedrock exposed at the surface of the Earth. ...

These lands were occupied by the Wappo and Pomo people in prehistoric times, who would have primarily inhabited the riparian zones and the marsh perimeter. Annadel includes what some biologists consider the best example of undisturbed northern oak woodlands in existence.^[1] Visitors can enjoy the park's diverse wildlife and scenery during any time of the year but are perhaps most rewarded from April through June when most wildflowers are in bloom. The Wappo were a group of Native Americans who lived in the Napa and Russian River areas of Northern California. ... The Pomo people are a Native American people of Northern California. ... A biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of organisms. ... California oak woodland is a plant community found throughout the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion of California and northwestern Baja California. ... Various species of deer are commonly seen wildlife across the Americas and Eurasia. ... Five wildflower species Penstemon strictus A wildflower (or wild flower) is a flower that grows wild, meaning it was not intentionally seeded or planted. ...

Ecology

View from southern mountain flanks of Annadel looking toward Sonoma Mountain.

Plant communities include California oak woodland, Douglas fir forest, chaparral, grassland, marsh and woodland riparian zone. The dominant plant community is is the oak woodland, which has a canopy of coast live oak, Garry oak, Black oak, Pacific Madrone, Bigleaf maple and California laurel. Occasionally in the vicinity of drainage swales and creeks, Canyon live oak is found. In the oak woodlands, the dominant understory plants are native bunchgrass, toyon, blackberry, western poison-oak and in drier patches coyote brush. In some of the steeper, cooler riparian zones and north facing slopes, there are also significant groves of Douglas fir. Common animals observed include Black-tailed Deer, gray squirrel, raccoon, skunk and opossum. Less frequently bobcat and mountain lion are seen. There is abundant birdlife including the scrub jay, Steller's jay, Acorn woodpecker, Black Phoebe and junco. A number of amphibians occur near riparian habitats, including the Rough skinned newt, Taricha granulosa. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2816x1752, 1011 KB) Photographer: C.Michael Hogan Subject: View from Annadel looking toward Sonoma Mountain Date: Nov 19, 2006 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2816x1752, 1011 KB) Photographer: C.Michael Hogan Subject: View from Annadel looking toward Sonoma Mountain Date: Nov 19, 2006 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Sonoma Mountain is a prominent landform within the Sonoma Mountains of southern Sonoma County, California. ... California oak woodland is a plant community found throughout the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion of California and northwestern Baja California. ... Species See text. ... Eucalyptus Forest at Swifts Creek in East Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. ... Chaparral is a shrubland biome found primarily in California, USA, that is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild, wet winters and hot dry summers) and wildfire. ... An Inner Mongolian Grassland. ... Freshwater marsh in Florida In geography, a marsh is a type of wetland, featuring grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, cat tails, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants) in a context of shallow water. ... A well maintained Riparian strip on a tributary to Lake Erie. ... The canopy is the habitat found at the uppermost level of a forest, especially rainforest. ... Binomial name Quercus agrifolia The Coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia, also called the California live oak, is an evergeen oak, highly variable and often shrubby, found in the coastal regions of southwestern North America from Mendocino County, California south to northern Baja California in Mexico. ... Binomial name Quercus garryana The Oregon White Oak (Quercus garryana), also known as Garry Oak, has a range from northern California to British Columbia. ... Binomial name Quercus velutina Lamb. ... ... Binomial name Acer macrophyllum Pursh The Bigleaf Maple or Oregon Maple (Acer macrophyllum) is a large deciduous tree to 35 m tall. ... Binomial name Umbellularia californica Umbellularia californica is an evergreen tree of the Lauraceae family. ... For other meanings of swale see Swale (disambiguation). ... A running stream. ... Binomial name Quercus chrysolepis Liebm. ... Understory (or understorey) is the term for the area of a forest which grows in the shade of the overstory or canopy. ... Any grass of the poaceae family that grows in clumps or tufts may be called bunch grass. ... Binomial name Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl. ... The BlackBerry is a wireless handheld device introduced in 1999 which supports push e-mail, mobile telephone, text messaging, internet faxing, web browsing and other wireless information services. ... Binomial name Toxicodendron diversilobum (Torr. ... Binomial name Baccharis pilularis DC. Baccharis pilularis, called Coyote brush, Chaparral Broom, and Bush Baccharis, is a shrub in the Asteraceae that grows in California, Oregon, and Baja California. ... A well maintained Riparian strip on a tributary to Lake Erie. ... Trinomial name Odocoileus hemionus columbianus Richardson, 1829 Like all deer, black-tailed deer are herbivores. ... Gray squirrel is the common name for two species of squirrel native to North America: The Eastern Gray Squirrel (also introduced elsewhere) The Western Gray Squirrel. ... Type Species Procyon lotor Linnaeus, 1758 Species Procyon cancrivorus Procyon insularis Procyon lotor Raccoons are nocturnal mammals in the genus Procyon of the Procyonidae family. ... Genera Conepatus Mydaus Mephitis Spilogale Skunks are moderately small mammals, usually with black-and-white fur, belonging to the family Mephitidae and to the order Carnivora. ... This article or section should be merged with Virginia_opossum The word opossum (usually pronounced without the leading O, or with only a very slight schwa) refers either to the Virginia Opossum in particular, or more generally to any of the other marsupials of magnorder Ameridelphia. ... Binomial name Lynx rufus Schreber, 1777 The Bobcat (Lynx rufus, or commonly felis rufus) is a wild cat native to North America. ... Binomial name Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771) The puma (Puma concolor) is a type of large cat found in North, Central and South America. ... Orders Many - see section below. ... Species Aphelocoma californica – Western Scrub Jay Aphelocoma coerulescens – Florida Scrub Jay Aphelocoma insularis – Island Scrub Jay Aphelocoma ultramarina – Mexican Jay Aphelocoma unicolor – Unicolored Jay The scrub jays are passerine birds of the genus Aphelocoma. ... Binomial name Cyanocitta stelleri (Gmelin, 1788) The Stellers Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) is a jay of western North America, closely related to the Blue Jay found in the rest of the continent, but having a black head and upper body. ... Binomial name Melanerpes formicivorus (Swainson,, 1827) The Acorn Woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus) is a medium-sized woodpecker. ... Binomial name Sayornis nigricans (Swainson, 1827) The Black Phoebe (Sayornis nigricans) is a distinctive tyrant flycatcher native to western North America, from southwestern Oregon and California to west Texas and northern Mexico. ... Species Junco hyemalis - Dark-eyed Junco Junco insularis - Guadalupe Junco Junco phaeonotus - Yellow-eyed Junco Junco vulcani - Volcano Junco The Juncos, genus Junco, comprise three to eight species of small American sparrow. ... Subclasses and Orders Order Temnospondyli - extinct Subclass Lepospondyli - extinct Subclass Lissamphibia   Anura   Caudata   Gymnophiona Amphibians (class Amphibia; from Greek αμφις both and βιος life) are a taxon of animals that include all tetrapods and four-legged vertebrates that do not have amniotic eggs, are ectotherms, and generally spend part of their time... A riparian zone schematic from the Everglades. ... Look up habitat in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Binomial name Taricha granulosa The rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa) is a North American newt known for its strong poison. ...

Hydrology and geology

Ledson Marsh within Annadel

The southern reaches of Annadel are drained by Yulupa Creek and other tributaries of Sonoma Creek, while the northern flanks are part of the Santa Rosa Creek watershed.^[2] Many of Annadel's streams are dry in the summer, since rainfall is highly seasonal, with most of the approximately 30 inches^[1] (75 cm) of annual precipitation occurring bewteen the months of October and April: however, Ledson Marsh retains some smaller pools of water throughout most of the year. Ledson Marsh has a southern outlet to Yulupa Creek. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2816x1542, 1454 KB) Photographer: C.Michael Hogan Subject: Ledson Marsh, Annadel, Sonoma County, CA, USA Date: Nv 24, 2006 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2816x1542, 1454 KB) Photographer: C.Michael Hogan Subject: Ledson Marsh, Annadel, Sonoma County, CA, USA Date: Nv 24, 2006 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Headwaters area of Yulupa Creek in the northern Sonoma Mountains with distant view of Mayacmas Mountains. ... Waterfall at Sugarloaf Mountain headwaters of Sonoma Creek Sonoma Creek is one of two principal drainages of Southern Sonoma County, California, with headwaters rising in the rugged hills of Sugarloaf Ridge State Park and discharge to San Pablo Bay, the northern arm of San Francisco Bay. ... Middle reach of Sonoma Creek immediately above Brush Creek confluence. ... Watershed has more than one meaning: Look up watershed in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The entirety of Annadel was below the ocean floor as recently as twelve million years ago, around which time massive uplift and volcanic action formed the massif which comprises the park of today. Elevations in Annadel range from about 360 to 1,880 feet^[1] (200–600 m) above sea level. Sandstone is the dominant rock type, as a remnant of the ancient sea floor. Slopes within Annadel commonly range from 15 to 30 percent, but it is not uncommon to encounter slopes up to 70 percent on steep slopes above drainages which are covered in douglas fir forest. One of the major soil associations within the park is Goulding cobbly clay loam, which contains roughly 25 percent cobblestones, as well as some basaltic exposures, betraying the volcanic past of the Sonoma Mountains formation.^[3] Typical soil depths are 35 to 50 centimeters (13.75–19.7 in). Much of the soil type in the Yulupa Creek riparian zone consists of Laniger loam, with rhyolite outcrops, another relic of the igneous history. Look up uplift in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Volcano 1. ... In geology, a massif is a section of the Earths crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures. ... This article is about a foot as a unit of length. ... Red sandstone interior of Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, worn smooth due to erosion by flash flooding over millions of years Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. ... The Gay Head cliffs in Marthas Vineyard are made almost entirely of clay. ... Loam is soil composed of a relatively even mixture of three mineral particle size groups: sand, silt, and clay. ... A cobblestone-covered street Cobblestones are stones used in the pavement of early streets. ... Basalt Columnar basalt at Sheepeater Cliff in Yellowstone Basalt (IPA: ) is a common gray to black volcanic rock. ... The Sonoma Mountains are a northwest-southeast trending formation of California Coast Ranges in Sonoma County, California, USA.[1] These mountains were formed by uplift and volcanic action about twelve million years ago in the Miocene period. ... A well maintained Riparian strip on a tributary to Lake Erie. ... Rhyolite This page is about a volcanic rock. ... Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma) cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks. ...

History

Manzanita of 12 inch (30 cm) diameter, Annadel State Park

The Southern Pomo people and the Southern Wappo inhabitated these lands in prehistoric times, although no full scale villages have been discovered within the park boundaries. This site was valuable to the Native American tribes as a source of obsidian, which these early peolples utilized for the manufacture of scrapers, knives, arrowheads , and spearheads. Human use and settlement of this area changed markedly in the late 18th century when the Spanish came to this region. Cattle ranching and farming gradually replaced the prehistoric tribal hunting and gathering. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2112x2816, 2407 KB) Photographer: C.Michael Hogan Subject: Manzanita, Annadel St Park, Sonoma co calif Date: Nv 25, 2006 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2112x2816, 2407 KB) Photographer: C.Michael Hogan Subject: Manzanita, Annadel St Park, Sonoma co calif Date: Nv 25, 2006 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Species See text See Manzanita (album) for the Mia Doi Todd album. ... The Pomo people are a Native American people of Northern California. ... The Wappo were a group of Native Americans who lived in the Napa and Russian River areas of Northern California. ... Obsidian from Lake County, Oregon Top stone is obsidian, below that is pumice and in lower right hand is rhyolite (light color) Obsidian is a type of naturally occurring glass, produced by volcanoes (igneous origin) when a felsic lava cools rapidly and freezes without sufficient time for crystal growth (see... American Indian arrowheads of several shapes and functions Japanese arrowheads of several shapes and functions Arrowhead can refer to: the point of an arrow; some plants in the genus Sagittaria; the Arrowhead region of northeastern Minnesota; a place name in southern California, derived from an arrowhead-shaped geologic formation in... Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle (often called cows in vernacular and contemporary usage, or kye as the Scots plural of cou) are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ... Farming, ploughing rice paddy, in Indonesia Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock). ... In anthropology, the hunter-gatherer way of life is that led by certain societies of the Neolithic Era based on the exploitation of wild plants and animals. ...

In 1837, Annadel was part of Los Gullicos Mexican land grant that involved a total holding of 19,000 acres (≈7,700 ha). In the late 19th century, sheep and cattle grazing was superceded by quarry uses. In 1848 the lands of Annadel were purchased by Scottish immigrant William Hood, for whom nearby Hood Mountain was named. In the mid 1800s, most of the native tribes were either displaced onto reservations or died from conditions of servitude to the European settlers. There was considerable demand for cobblestone material when many west coast cities were being developed, and especially in the reconstruction of San Francisco after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Cobblestone quarry operations were a major source of revenue to the Wymores and the Hutchinsons who were the principal land owners in this area around the year 1900. In fact, the park derives its name from the granddaughter, Annie Hutchinson, since this locale was once termed "Annie's Dell".^[1] In the early 1900s author Jack London settled nearby in these same Sonoma Mountains, and he based much of his writings on these mountains that he loved.^[4] A land grant is a gift of land made by the government for projects such as roads, railroads, or especially academic institutions. ... Grazing is the regular consumption of part of one organism without killing it by another organism. ... A small cinder quarry A dimension stone quarry A quarry is a type of open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. ... Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... Hood Mountain is a mountain at the northeast of the Sonoma Valley that attains a height of 2730 feet above mean sea level. ... Servitude may refer to: Service conscription employment Slavery indentured servitude ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of the Earth. ... A family of Russian settlers in the Caucasus region, ca. ... Arnold Genthes famous photograph of San Francisco following the earthquake, looking towards the fire on Sacramento Street The San Francisco earthquake of 1906 was a major earthquake that struck San Francisco and the coast of northern California at 5:12am on Wednesday, April 18, 1906. ... Jack London, probably born John Griffith Chaney (January 12, 1876 – November 22, 1916)[4][5][6] was an American author who wrote The Call of the Wild and over fifty other books. ...

Demand for cobblestone subsided around the year 1920, since owners of the newly invented automobile expected a smoother ride than that derived from cobblestone streets. Joe Coney began to accumulate land holdings in this area during the 1930s. He used the land for agricultural purposes until the late 1960s, though he also mined perlite, an obsidian product used in the manufacture of certain insulation products. Annadel became part of the California State Park system in the year 1971. Karl Benzs Velo model (1894) - entered into the first automobile race An automobile (or motor car) is a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own motor. ... Expanded Perlite Perlite is an amorphous volcanic glass that has a relatively high water content. ...

Practical issues

The main park access is from the north via the city of Santa Rosa. An important secondary access is from the Lawndale Road trailhead in Kenwood, which access is the shortest route to Ledson Marsh. There are 35 miles^[1] (56 km) of trails for hiking, mountain biking, and trail riding. In addition, excellent black bass and bluegill fishing can be found at the park's largest body of water, Lake Ilsanjo. Canines are not allowed in the park. There is no potable water available in the park. The Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center Luther Burbank Gardens, part of California Historical Landmark No. ... Kenwood, California is a town along State Route 12 in Sonoma County. ... Two hikers in the Mount Hood National Forest Eagle_Creek hiking Hiking is a form of walking, undertaken with the specific purpose of exploring and enjoying the scenery. ... Mountain biker riding in the Arizona desert. ... Trail riding is riding on trails as opposed to riding on roads or courses. ... Binomial name Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819 The bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) is a species of freshwater fish. ... Fishing is the activity of hunting for fish. ... A canine may refer to: a canine tooth. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ...

References

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) is a scientific agency of the United States government. ... The U.S. Department of Agriculture, also called the Agriculture Department, or USDA, is a Cabinet department of the United States Federal Government. ... The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) formerly known as the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) was founded in 1935 at the urging of Hugh Bennett, who also served as the agencys first chief. ...

See also

• List of California state parks
• Matanzas Creek
• Sonoma Creek
• Sonoma Mountain

This is a list of state parks and reserves in the California state park system. ... Matanzas Creek is a stream in Sonoma County, California that is tributary to Santa Rosa Creek. ... Waterfall at Sugarloaf Mountain headwaters of Sonoma Creek Sonoma Creek is one of two principal drainages of Southern Sonoma County, California, with headwaters rising in the rugged hills of Sugarloaf Ridge State Park and discharge to San Pablo Bay, the northern arm of San Francisco Bay. ... Sonoma Mountain is a prominent landform within the Sonoma Mountains of southern Sonoma County, California. ...

External links

• State of California official site for Annadel State Park