The Annazid or Banu Annaz,(990-1116), were a Kurdish dynasty that ruled a territory on the present-day Iran-Iraq frontier that included Kermanshah, Hulwan, Dinawar (all in western Iran), Sharazour, Daquq, Daskara, Bandanijin(Mandali), and No'maniya(in north-eastern Iraq). According to the Kurdish history Sherefname, the title of the dynasty was Ayyar not Annaz [1], therefore the alternative name Ayyarid is also used [2]. The history of the Kurds stretches from ancient times to the present day. ... Kurdish culture is a group of distinctive cultural traits practiced by Kurdish people. ... The word Hurrian may refer to: An ancient people of the Near East, the Hurrians. ... The Gutians (also: Quti, Kuti, Gurti, Qurti, Kurti) were a people of ancient Mesopotamia who lived primarily in the central Zagros Range, most probably an Aryan people. ... Mitanni or Mittani (in Assyrian sources Hanilgalbat, Khanigalbat) was a Hurrian kingdom in northern Mesopotamia (in what is today Syria) from ca. ... The Mannaeans (or Mannai, Mannae, Biblical Minni) were an ancient people of unknown origin, who lived in the territory of present-day Iranian Azerbaijan around the 10th to 7th century BC. At that time they were neighbours of the empires of Assyria and Urartu, as well as other small buffer... Medea (Medea Proper), ca. ... This article or section may contain inappropriate or misinterpreted citations. ... The Kayusid or House of Kayus (also Kâvos) or Kâvusakân(226-380) was a semi-independent Kurdish kingdom in central and southern Kurdistan established in 226 CE. The House of Kayus was established after an agreement between Kurdish principalities and kingdoms and the Persian Empire, following a... The Shaddadids were a Kurdish dynasty, who ruled in various parts of Armenia, including Arran from 951-1174 or 1199 A.D. They were established Dvin. ... Rawadid (also Rawwadid or Ravvadid), (955-1227), was a Kurdish principality ruling Azerbaijan from the 10th to the early 13th centuries, centered around Tabriz and Maragheh(Maragha). ... Hasanwayhid,(959-1015), was a Kurdish principality centered at Dinawar (northeast of present-day Kermanshah). ... Marwanid, (990-1085), was a Kurdish dynasty in northren mesopotamia centered around the city of Diyarbakir. ... The Ayyubid Dynasty was a Muslim dynasty of Egypt, Iraq in the 12th and 13th centuries. ... Badlis (1182-1847), was a Kurdish principality originated from the Rojaki tribe. ... Ardalan or (Erdelan) is the name of a semi-independent state in north-western Iran which ruled an area encompassing present day Iranian province of Kurdistan from medieval period up to mid 19th century. ... Badinan, was one of the more powerful and enduring Kurdish principalities. ... Soran Emirate (1399-1883 A.D) was a Kurdish principality in Southern Kurdistan Its Capital was the city of Rawanduz. ... Baban, (1649-1850), was a Kurdish principality and ruling family originated in the region of Pijder. ... The Kingdom of Kurdistan can refer to two kingdoms formed in the 1920s in the geo-cultural region of Kurdistan. ... The Republic of Ararat was a self-proclaimed Kurdish state. ... Qazi Mohammad, president of the Republic of Kurdistan The Republic of Mahabad (Kurdish: Komarî Mehabad, Persian: جمهوری مهاباد ), officially Republic of Kurdistan, established in Iranian Kurdistan, was a short-lived, Soviet backed Kurdish state of the 20th century after the Republic of Ararat in Turkey. ... The Kurdistan Region (Kurdish: حكومه تى هه ريمى كوردستان, Hikûmetî Herêmî Kurdistan, Arabic: اقلیم کردستان) is an autonomous, federally recognized political entity located in northern Iraq. ... Iranian Kurdistan (Kurdish: Kurdistana ÃŽranê [1] or Kurdistana Rojhilat (Eastern Kurdistan) [2] or Rojhilatê Kurdistan (East of Kurdistan) [3]) is an unofficial name for the parts of Iran inhabited by Kurds and has borders with Iraq and Turkey. ... Turkish Kurdistan (Turkish: Türkiye Kürdistanı or Kuzey Kürdistan (Northern Kurdistan) or Kuzeybatı Kürdistan [4] (Northwestern Kurdistan), Kurdish: Kurdistana Tirkiyê [5] or Bakurê Kurdistanê [6] (North of Kurdistan) or Kurdistana Bakûr [7] (Northern Kurdistan) ) is an unofficial name for the southeastern part of Turkey densely inhabited... About half of all Kurds live in Turkey, numbering some 15 million where they comprise an estimated 20%[1] of the total population of Turkey and are predominantly distributed in the southeastern corner of the country. ... Kurds are the largest ethnic minority in Syria making up 10% of the countrys population i. ... The Kurdistan newspaper Kurdish literature (in Kurdish: Wêjey kurdî) is a literature written in Kurdish language. ... Traditionally, there are three types of Kurdish Classical performers - storytellers (çîrokbêj), minstrels (stranbêj) and bards (dengbêj). ... Kurdish men dancing Traditional Kurdish dance falls within the tradition of hand-holding group dances observed from the Balkans to Lebanon, the Caucasus, and Iran[citation needed]. This dance formation is called govend in Kurdish (more familiar to the Western audience through the Lebanese Dabka dance). ... Kurdish women played an important role throughout Kurdish history. ... Events Construction of the Al-Hakim Mosque begins in Cairo. ... Events Baldwin I of Jerusalem undertakes an invasion of Egypt The modern book of separate pages stitched together is invented in China Construction starts on the Chennkesava temple The Aztecs leave Aztlán searching for the site of what will eventually become Tenochtitlán and later Mexico City Births Deaths... Languages Kurdish Religions Predominantly Sunni Muslim also some Shia, Yazidism, Yarsan, Judaism, Christianity Related ethnic groups other Iranian peoples (Talysh Baluch Gilak Bakhtiari Persians) The Kurds are an ethnic group who consider themselves to be indigenous to a region often referred to as Kurdistan, an area which includes adjacent parts... Hercules Statue, carved about 153 B.C. Kermanshah (Persian: کرمانشاه, Gorani Kurdish: کرماشان), is the capital city of Kermanshah Province, located 525 kilometers (324 miles) from Tehran in the western part of Iran. ... Hulwan, also spelled Helwan or Hilwan is a southern suburb of Cairo in Egypt on the bank of the Nile river, with a population (1989 estimate) 230,000. ... Sherefname is the famous book of Sharaf al-Din Bitlisi (Kurdish historian and poet) (1543 - 1599), which is regarded as a main source on Kurdish history. ...

Annazid Rulers

Abul-Fath Mohammad bin Annaz (r. 990-1011) was the founder of the Annazid dynasty and ruled in Hulwan. Political conflicts during his twenty-year rule led to clashes in the west with the Banu Oqayl(from whom he temporarily seized Daquq in 998) and the Banu Mazyad, as well as a campaign against Zahman bin Hendi, lord of Khanaqin, whose family he destroyed in 999. In the east, there was fierce competition between him and the Hasanwayhid Kurds (his relatives through marriage). In 1006, Badr bin Hasanuya aided by Abul-Hassan Ali bin Mazyad, sent an army of 10,000 men against Abul-Fath, who was compelled to seek refuge with the Buyid vizier, Amid-al-Joyus Abu Ali Hassan bin Abi Jafar in Baghdad. In a treaty concluded that year between the two Kurdish dynasties, Abul-Fath declared himself a Hasanwayhid vassal. Hulwan, also spelled Helwan or Hilwan is a southern suburb of Cairo in Egypt on the bank of the Nile river, with a population (1989 estimate) 230,000. ... Events Benedictine abbey founded at Sherborne Births Deaths Abul-Wafa, iranian mathematician Categories: 998 ... Iraq map with Khanaqin Khanaqin (Arabic خانقين, Kurdish خانه قين Xaneqîn, also transliterated as Khanakin, Xanaqin) is an arab city in north-eastern Iraq. ... Events Silesia is incorporated into territory ruled by Boleslaus I of Poland Pope Silvester II succeeds Pope Gregory V Sigmundur Brestisson introduces christianity in the Faroe Islands Deaths December 16 - Saint Adelaide of Italy (b. ... Kurds are one of the Iranian peoples and speak Kurdish, a north-Western Iranian language related to Persian. ... Events Aelfheah (St. ... The Buyid confederation existed within the Islamic empire from 945 to 1055. ... A Vizier (وزير, sometimes also spelled Vizir, Wasir, Wazir, Wesir, Wezir - grammatical vowel changes are common in many oriental languages) is an oriental, originally Persian, term for a high-ranking political (and sometimes religious) advisor or Minister, often to a Muslim monarch such as a Caliph, Amir, Malik (king) or Sultan. ... Baghdad (Arabic ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... Languages Kurdish Religions Predominantly Sunni Muslim also some Shia, Yazidism, Yarsan, Judaism, Christianity Related ethnic groups other Iranian peoples (Talysh Baluch Gilak Bakhtiari Persians) The Kurds are an ethnic group who consider themselves to be indigenous to a region often referred to as Kurdistan, an area which includes adjacent parts... Look up vassal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Hosam-al-Dawla Abul-Shawk (r. 1011-1046) was son of Abul-Fath Annaz. His thirty-six-year rule was filled with internecine strife as well as external conflict. As a result, the extent of his authority grew a great deal, sometimes reaching as far as Hilla and at other times contracting to a narrow region in present-day western Iran. He inaugurated his reign by checking an attack by the forces of the new Buyid vizier, Fakhr-al-molk, but he was compelled to retreat to Hulwan until a reconciliation was achieved. In 1029, he managed to defeat Shams-al-Dawla and stop the Seljuk Turks, after they seized Hamadan and attacked Dinawar and Asadabad. In 1029, Abul-Shawk defeated the Oqayl and took Daquq. In the period 1038-1039, he seized Kermanshah(Qarmisin) and captured its ruler (a Quhid Kurd). In 1040, his son Abul-Fath Abul-Shawk tried to capture territories belonging to Mohalhel but was defeated and captured. Mohalhel secured assistance from Ala-al-Dawla bin Kakuya, th eruler of Hamadan, and then he seized Dinawar, Kermanshah and other regions. Relations between Abul-Shawk and Mohalhel improved following the intervention of Jalal-al-Dawla, but Mohalhel's refusal to release Abul-Fath bin Shawk led to renewed hostilities in 1040 and 1042, but he failed to release his son, who died in captivity. During the seconf campaign in 1042, Mohalhel caused great damage in Sanda (Sanandaj). Al Hillah is a city in central Iraq on the river Euphrates, 100km (62 miles) south of Baghdad, with an estimated population of 364,700 in 1998. ... The Buyid confederation existed within the Islamic empire from 945 to 1055. ... Hulwan, also spelled Helwan or Hilwan is a southern suburb of Cairo in Egypt on the bank of the Nile river, with a population (1989 estimate) 230,000. ... Events Births July 2 - Caliph Al-Mustansir of Cairo (d. ... The Seljuk coat of arms was a double headed eagle The Seljuk Turks (also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq; in modern Turkish Selçuklular; in Persian سلجوقيان Saljūqiyān; in Arabic سلجوق Saljūq, or السلاجقة al-Salājiqa) were a major branch of the Oghuz Turks and a dynasty that ruled parts of... Avicennas tomb in Hamedan Hamadan or Hamedan ( Persian: همدان ) is the capital city of Hamadan Province of Iran. ... Events Births July 2 - Caliph Al-Mustansir of Cairo (d. ... Events Independent declaration of Western Xia. ... Events June 4 - Henry III becomes King of Germany. ... Hercules Statue, carved about 153 B.C. Kermanshah (Persian: کرمانشاه, Gorani Kurdish: کرماشان), is the capital city of Kermanshah Province, located 525 kilometers (324 miles) from Tehran in the western part of Iran. ... Kurds are one of the Iranian peoples and speak Kurdish, a north-Western Iranian language related to Persian. ... Events March War of Independence of Western Xia occurred. ... Avicennas tomb in Hamedan Hamadan or Hamedan ( Persian: همدان ) is the capital city of Hamadan Province of Iran. ... Hercules Statue, carved about 153 B.C. Kermanshah (Persian: کرمانشاه, Gorani Kurdish: کرماشان), is the capital city of Kermanshah Province, located 525 kilometers (324 miles) from Tehran in the western part of Iran. ... Events March War of Independence of Western Xia occurred. ... Events April 18/April 19 - Emperor Michael V of the Byzantine Empire attempts to remain sole Emperor by sending his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoe of Byzantium to a monastery. ... Events April 18/April 19 - Emperor Michael V of the Byzantine Empire attempts to remain sole Emperor by sending his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoe of Byzantium to a monastery. ... Sanandaj or Senna (Kurdish: Sine;) (Persian: سنندج) is the capital of the province Kurdistan, which is situated in the Kurdish dominated western part of Iran It had an estimated population of 358,084 in 2006 [1] The city of Sanandaj is the capital of the province, and lies at a distance...

In 1045, Toghrul Beg sought to capture Annazid territories. During the campaign, the Kurdish governor of Hamadan fled, and Abul-Shawk retreated from Dinawar to Kermanshah and then to the citadel of Sirwan. on the Diyala river, where a large number of Kurds rallied around him. Annazids where unable to stop the march of the Turks, which captured Hulwan and Mahidasht and attacked Khanaqin. Abul-Shawk died in the citadel of Sirwan in April 1046. His followers rallied around Mohalhel. Events Emperor Go-Reizei ascends the throne of Japan. ... Toğrül (Tuğril or Toghrïl Beg; ca 990 - September 4, 1063) was the third ruler of the Seljuk dynasty. ... Languages Kurdish Religions Predominantly Sunni Muslim also some Shia, Yazidism, Yarsan, Judaism, Christianity Related ethnic groups other Iranian peoples (Talysh Baluch Gilak Bakhtiari Persians) The Kurds are an ethnic group who consider themselves to be indigenous to a region often referred to as Kurdistan, an area which includes adjacent parts... Avicennas tomb in Hamedan Hamadan or Hamedan ( Persian: همدان ) is the capital city of Hamadan Province of Iran. ... Map of Mesopotamia showing the Diyala River The Diyala River is a river and tributary of the Tigris that runs through Iran and Iraq. ... Diyala is one of the constituent governorates of the nation of Iraq. ... Hulwan, also spelled Helwan or Hilwan is a southern suburb of Cairo in Egypt on the bank of the Nile river, with a population (1989 estimate) 230,000. ... Iraq map with Khanaqin Khanaqin (Arabic خانقين, Kurdish خانه قين Xaneqîn, also transliterated as Khanakin, Xanaqin) is an arab city in north-eastern Iraq. ... // Events First contact between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuks. ...

Mohalhel

The strife between the Annazid chiefs continued during the Mohalhel reign, especially when Sa'di bin Abul-Shawk sided with Yenal(half-brother of Toghrul Beg) against his uncle. Yenal seized Hulwan in 1046 in the name of Hasanwayhid Badr bin Taher bin Helal. After four years of attempted reconciliation between the Annazids and the Seljuk, Mohalhel met Toghrul Beg in 1050, who confirmed his rule over Sirwan, Daquq, Sharazur and Samagan and released his brother Sokrab. Toğrül (Tuğril or Toghrïl Beg; ca 990 - September 4, 1063) was the third ruler of the Seljuk dynasty. ... Hulwan, also spelled Helwan or Hilwan is a southern suburb of Cairo in Egypt on the bank of the Nile river, with a population (1989 estimate) 230,000. ... // Events First contact between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuks. ... The Seljuk coat of arms was a double headed eagle The Seljuk Turks (also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq; in modern Turkish Selçuklular; in Persian سلجوقيان SaljÅ«qiyān; in Arabic سلجوق SaljÅ«q, or السلاجقة al-Salājiqa) were a major branch of the Oghuz Turks and a dynasty that ruled parts of... Toğrül (Tuğril or Toghrïl Beg; ca 990 - September 4, 1063) was the third ruler of the Seljuk dynasty. ... Leofric becomes Bishop of Exeter Hedeby is sacked by King Harald Hardraade of Norway during the course of a conflict with King Eric Estridsson of Denmark. ... Map of Mesopotamia showing the Diyala River The Diyala River is a river and tributary of the Tigris that runs through Iran and Iraq. ...

Decline of Annazids

A declining Annazid rule can be traced for several generations. The last mention occurs in the seconf half of 12th century, when Sokrab bin Annaz became one of the rulers of Lorestan. According to the Kurdish historian Ali ibn al-Athir and Sharafnama, the Annazid era lasted 130 years. Falak-ol-aflak, built by the Sassanids, is almost 1800 years old. ... Abu al-Hasan Ali izz al-Din ibn al-Athir (May 12 1160–1233) was an Iranian/Persian historian born in Cizre in Northern Kurdistan province. ...

List of Annazid Rulers

1. Abul-Fath Mohammad bin Annaz.....................991-1011
2. Husam al-Dawla Abu'l Shawk Faris ibn Muhammad... 1011-1046
3. Muhalhil ibn Muhammad (in Shahrazur).............1011-1055
4. Surkhab I ibn Muhammad (in Bandanijin)...........1011-1046
5. Sa'idi ibn Faris (sporadic rule)..................1050-1055
6. Surkhab II ibn Badr.......................... ? -1107
7. Abu Mansur ibn Surkhab......................1107- ?
8. Surkhab III ibn Annaz............................late 1100s

References

1. Sharf Khan Bedlisi, Sharafnama, edited by V. Veliaminof-Zernof, 2 vols., St.Petersburg, 1860/1862.
2. Cheref-namah ou Postes de la nation Kurde, translated by F.B. Charmoy, 2 vols., St. Petersburg, 1868/1875. (in French)
3. Annazids, Kurdish Dynasty in Encyclopaedia Iranica.
4. List of Annazid Rulers