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Annotation is extra information associated with a particular point in a document or other piece of information. Pragmatics is generally the study of natural language understanding, and specifically the study of how context influences the interpretation of meanings. ...
A document contains information. ...
Most commonly this is used for example in draft documents, where another reader has written notes about the quality of a document at a certain point, "in the margin". A draft of a document is one of several revisions, typically a crude and early one, though one may also speak of a final draft. ...
Marginalia is the general term for notes, scribbles, doodles and editorial comments made in the margin of a book. ...
Annotations about bibliographical sources, labeled annotated bibliographies, give descriptions about how each source is useful to an author in constructing a paper or argument. Creating these blurbs, usually a few sentences long, establishes a summary for and expresses the relevance of each source prior to writing.
In computing, the programmer often adds annotations to source code in the form of comments. These do not affect the working of the program but give explanations (for other programmers, or potential readers of the code principally, but also as a reminder for the author), hints or plans for improvement, etc. Originally, the word computing was synonymous with counting and calculating, and a science that deals with the original sense of computing mathematical calculations. ...
Source code (commonly just source or code) is any series of statements written in some human-readable computer programming language. ...
Look up Comment on Wiktionary, the free dictionary In computer programming, comments are parts of the source code which, together with its layout, are used to explain the code. ...
Further annotations can also be added by a compiler or programmer in the form of metadata, which is then made available in later stages of building or executing a program. For example a compiler may use metadata to make decisions about what warnings to issue, or a linker can use metadata to connect multiple object files into a single executable. Differences in computer languages have given rise to a variety of words for programmer-added metadata, including annotation (Java), attribute (C#), pragma (C), and metadata (HTML). A diagram of the operation of a typical multi-language compiler. ...
Metadata (Greek meta after and Latin data information) are data that describe other data. ...
Figure of the linking process, where object files and static libraries are assembled into a new library or executable. ...
Java is an object-oriented programming language developed primarily by James Gosling and colleagues at Sun Microsystems. ...
The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
The C Programming Language, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie, the original edition that served for many years as an informal specification of the language The C programming language is a low-level standardized programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the...
An excerpt of HTML code with syntax highlighting In computing, HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a markup language designed for the creation of web pages with hypertext and other information to be displayed in a web browser. ...
In linguistics, morphological, syntactic, semantic, discourse and pragmatic annotations add information about the linguistic form. Other forms of annotation include comments and metadata; these non-transcriptional annotations are also non-linguistic. Linguistics is the scientific study of human language, and someone who engages in this study is called a linguist. ...
Morphology is a subdiscipline of linguistics that studies word structure. ...
In linguistics, syntax is the study of the rules, or patterned relations, that govern the way the words in a sentence come together. ...
In general, semantics (from the Greek semantikos, or significant meaning, derived from sema, sign) is the study of meaning, in some sense of that term. ...
Discourse is a term used in semantics as in discourse analysis, but it also refers to a social conception of discourse, often linked with the work of French philosopher Michel Foucault (1926-1984) and Jürgen Habermas The Theory of Communicative Action (1985). ...
Pragmatism is a school of philosophy which originated in the United States in the late 1800s. ...
In computer programming, comments are a part of the source code which, together with its layout, is used to explain the code. ...
Metadata (Greek meta after and Latin data information) are data that describe other data. ...
Annotations in particular domains
Biology Molecular biology and bioinformatics have known the need for DNA annotation since the 1980s, where a previously unknown sequence representation of genetic material is annotated with information relating position to intron-exon-boundaries, regulatory sequences, repeats, gene names and protein products, etc.. This annotation is usually stored in predefined fields in biological databases, especially sequence databases. Molecular biology is the study of biology at a molecular level. ...
Bioinformatics or computational biology is the use of techniques from applied mathematics, informatics, statistics, and computer science to solve biological problems. ...
part of a DNA sequence A DNA sequence (sometimes genetic sequence) is a succession of letters representing the primary structure of a real or hypothetical DNA molecule or strand, The possible letters are A, C, G, and T, representing the four nucleotide subunits of a DNA strand (adenine, cytosine, guanine...
Diagram of the location of introns and exons within a gene. ...
Exons are the regions of DNA within a gene that are not spliced out from the transcribed RNA and are retained in the final messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. ...
A regulatory sequence is a promoter, enhancer or other segment of DNA where regulatory proteins such as transcription factors bind preferentially. ...
In the study of DNA sequences, one can distinguish two main types of repeated sequence: Tandem repeats: Satellite DNA, Minisatellite, Microsatellite; Interspersed repeats: SINE (Short INterspersed Elements), LINE (Long INterspersed Elements). ...
This stylistic schematic diagram shows a gene in relation to the double helix structure of DNA and to a chromosome (right). ...
Gene expression (also protein expression or often simply expression) is the process by which a genes information is converted into the structures and functions of a cell. ...
As of 2004, there are around 500 public and commercial biological databases. ...
In the field of bioinformatics, a sequence database is a large collection of DNA, protein, or other sequences stored on a computer. ...
Imaging In the digital imaging community the term annotation is commonly used for visible metadata superimposed on an image without changing the underlying raster image, such as sticky notes, virtual laser pointers, circles, arrows, and black-outs (cf. redaction). Digital imaging or digital image acquisition is the creation of digital images, typically from a physical object. ...
Metadata (Greek meta after and Latin data information) are data that describe other data. ...
A digital image is a representation of a two-dimensional image as a finite set of digital values, called picture elements or pixels. ...
A number of Post-it notes still glued together A Post-it note (or just Post-it) is a piece of stationery designed for temporarily attaching notes to documents, computer displays and so forth. ...
Redaction generally refers to the editing of text to turn it into a form suitable for publication, or to the result of such an effort. ...
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