"Canal rays" were produced in experiments by a German scientist, Eugen Goldstein, in 1886. Goldstein used a gas discharge tube which had perforated cathodes. A "ray" was produced in the holes (canals) in the cathode and traveled in a direction opposite to the "cathode ray." In 1907 a study of how this "ray" was deflected in a magnetic field, revealed that the particles making up the ray were of varying mass. The lightest, formed when there was a little hydrogen in the tube, was calcuated to be 1837 times as massive as an electron.
From: Chemistry for Changing Times by John W. Hill, Burgess Publishing Company, 1972
X rays are a type of ionizing radiation that is capable of penetrating solid materials to differing degrees, depending their density and thickness.
Since x rays that strike the film produce dark areas after processing, body structures that are easily penetrated by x rays, such as skin, show up as dark regions.
X rays are called ionizing radiation because they are able to interact with and change certain types of matter, such as molecules in the body.
evacuated glass tubes that are equipped with at least two electrodes, a cathode (negative electrode) and an anode (positive electrode) in a configuration known as a diode.
It was soon understood that cathode rays consist of the actual carriers of electricity which are now known as electrons.
Cathode rays propagate in a straight line in the absence of external influences, but are deflected by electric or magnetic fields (which can be produced by placing high-voltage electrodes or magnets outside the vacuum tube - this explains the effect of magnets on a TV screen).
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