Saint Anselm of Lucca the Younger
Born	1036, Milan
Died	March 18, 1086
Venerated in	Roman Catholic Church
Feast
Patronage	Mantua
Saints Portal

Saint Anselm of Lucca the Younger (Milan, 1036–March 18, 1086) was a prominent figure in the Investiture Controversy and in the fighting in Central Italy between the forces of Countess Matilda of Tuscany, the papal champion, and those of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Events Emperor Go-Suzaku ascends the throne of Japan. ... Milan (Italian: ; Lombard: Milán (listen)) is one of the biggest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. ... March 18 is the 77th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (78th in leap years). ... Events Domesday Book is completed in England Emperor Shirakawa of Japan starts his cloistered rule Imam Ali Mosque is rebuilt by the Seljuk Malik Shah I after being destroyed by fire. ... The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus Christ and led by the Twelve Apostles, in particular Saint Peter. ... The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organising a liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more saints, and referring to the day as that saints day. ... Saint Quentin is the patron saint of locksmiths and is also invoked against coughs and sneezes. ... Mantua (in Italian Mantova, in the local dialect of Emiliano-Romagnolo language Mantua) is an important city in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the province with the same name. ... Image File history File links Gloriole. ... Milan (Italian: ; Lombard: Milán (listen)) is one of the biggest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. ... Events Emperor Go-Suzaku ascends the throne of Japan. ... March 18 is the 77th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (78th in leap years). ... Events Domesday Book is completed in England Emperor Shirakawa of Japan starts his cloistered rule Imam Ali Mosque is rebuilt by the Seljuk Malik Shah I after being destroyed by fire. ... The Investiture Controversy was the most significant conflict between secular and religious powers in medieval Europe. ... Matilda of Tuscany from (1115) Matilda, countess of Tuscany (1046 – July 24, 1115), called La Gran Contessa, was the principal Italian supporter of Pope Gregory VII during the investiture controversy, and is one of the few medieval women to be remembered for her military accomplishments. ... HEINRIC·IMP[ERATOR], Emperor Henry Henry IV (November 11, 1050 – August 7, 1106) was King of Germany (Holy Roman Empire) from 1056 and Emperor from 1084, until his abdication in 1105. ...

Anselm was a nephew of Anselm of Lucca the Elder, who became Pope Alexander II in 1061 and who designated Anselm to succeed him in his former position as Bishop of Lucca (1071) and sent him to Germany advising him to take investiture from Emperor Henry IV. Anselm went to Germany, but was loath to receive the insignia of spiritual power from a temporal ruler and returned without investiture. In 1073, Pope Gregory VII, again appointed Anselm Bishop of Lucca, but advised him not to accept investure from Henry IV. For some reason, Anselm did so this time, but soon felt such remorse that he resigned his bishopric, and entered the Benedictine Order at Padilirone, a Cluniac monastery near Mantua. Alexander II (died April 21, 1073), born Anselmo da Baggio , Pope from 1061 to 1073, was a native of Milan. ... Events Normans conquer Messina in Sicily Pope Alexander II elected The building of the Speyer Cathedral in Speyer, Germany, had begun to be built. ... This article is about a title or office in religious bodies. ... Lucca is a city in Tuscany, northern central Italy, situated on the river Serchio in a fertile plain near (but not on) the Ligurian Sea. ... Events Byzantine Empire loses Battle of Manzikert to Turkish army under Alp Arslan. ... Henry IV (November 11, 1050 — 1106) was King of Germany from 1056 and Emperor from 1084, until his abdication in 1105. ... For alternate uses of time, see Time (disambiguation) or see TIME (magazine). ... Investiture, from the Latin (preposition in and verb vestire, dress from vestis robe) is a rather general term for the formal installation of an incumbent (heir, elect of nominee) in public office, especially by taking possession of its insignia. ... Pope Gregory VII (c. ... A Benedictine is a person who follows the Rule of St Benedict. ... Cluny nowadays The town of Cluny or Clugny lies in the modern-day département of Saône-et-Loire in the région of France, near Mâcon. ...

Gregory VII ordered him to return to Lucca, and he reluctantly obeyed, but continued to lead the life of a monk. In the years 1077–79, he accepted the transfer of several castles from Countess Matilda, in preparation for Henry's expected campaign, which was carried out in 1081–84. Meanwhile, he attempted to impose stricter monastic discipline upon the canons of his cathedral. Most of the canons refused to submit to the onerous new regulations, were excommunicated as a result and expelled him from Lucca in 1081, with the help of Emperor Henry and Guibert, Antipope Clement III, after the defeat of the great papal defender, the Countess Matilda of Tuscany at the battle of Volta Mantovana (October 1080). Anselm fled first to the shelter of Moriana, an episcopal stronghold only a few miles up the Arno from Lucca— accompanied by Bardo, a priest who later wrote his vita—then retired to Canossa as spiritual guide to Countess Matilda. Bishop Benzo of Alba, Henry IV's fiercely partisan supporter, tells with delight how Matilda and Anselm stripped the monasteries to send gold and silver to Gregory in Rome [1]. A canon (from the Latin canonicus and Greek κανωνικωσ relating to a rule) is a priest who is a member of certain bodies of the Christian clergy subject to a rule (canon). ... Guibert or Wibert of Ravenna (c. ... Matilda of Tuscany from (1115) Matilda, countess of Tuscany (1046 – July 24, 1115), called La Gran Contessa, was the principal Italian supporter of Pope Gregory VII during the investiture controversy, and is one of the few medieval women to be remembered for her military accomplishments. ... Arno can refer to: the Arno River in Italy Arno Bay, South Australia the singer Arno Hintjens the American cartoonist Peter Arno the German sculptor Arno Breker Madame Arno, Parisian artist and fighter. ... Vita or VITA can refer to any of a number of things: Vita (Latin for life) can also refer to a brief biography, often that of a saint (i. ... Canossa is a former castle of Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, situated in the foothills of the Apennines, in the province of Reggio Emilia and about eighteen miles from Parma. ...

Some time later Pope Victor III made him Papal Legate of Lombardy, with authorization to rule over all the dioceses which had been left without bishops due to the conflict between pope and emperor. His biographer Rangerius, who succeeded him as bishop of Lucca, ascribed to his prayers the rout of Matilda's forces and the other enemies of Gregory VII, which is why he is sometimes depicted in art as standing before an army in confusion. The Blessed Victor III, born as Dauferius (Benevento, 1026? – September 16, 1087), Pope (May 24, 1086 until his death), was the successor of Pope Gregory VII (1073–85). ... A papal Legate, from the Decretals of Boniface VIII (1294 to 1303). ... Lombardy (Italian: Lombardia, Lombard: Lumbardìa) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. ...

Anselm was well versed in Scripture and wrote some important works attacking lay investiture and defending Pope Gregory against Antipope Guibert. He spent his last years assembling a collection of ecclesiastical law canons in 13 books, which formed the earliest of the collections of canons (Collectio canonum) supporting the Gregorian reforms, which afterwards were incorporated into the well-known Decretum of the jurist Gratian. Gregorian Reform is generally considered named after Pope Gregory VII(1073-1085), who personally denied this, and claimed it was named after Gregory the Great. ... A coin of Gratian. ...

He died in Mantua on March 18, 1086, and is regarded as the patron saint of that city. A life of Anselm was written by his successor, Bishop Rangerius. Saint Quentin is the patron saint of locksmiths and is also invoked against coughs and sneezes. ...

External links

• Saint Anselm of Lucca the Younger
• Catholic Encyclopedia: St Anselm of Lucca, the Younger
• Projekt PseudoIsidor: Die Sammlung Anselms von Lucca (in German)
• Matilda of Tuscany: material concerning Anselm of Lucca
• ÖkumenischesHeiligenlexikon: Anselm II von Lucca (in German)
• Sant'Anselmo a Mantova (Italian)

Further reading

• Kathleen Cushing, 1998.Papacy and Law in the Gregorian Revolution: The Canonistic Work of Anselm of Lucca (Oxford Historical Monographs.) New York: Oxford University Press. A detailed example of how a leading figure in the Investiture Controversy movement used canon law.