Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is the frontal part of the cingulate cortex and includes Brodmann's area 24 (ventral ACC) and 32 (dorsal ACC). The ACC forms a collar around the corpus callosum, which relays neural signals between the right and left hemispheres. The ACC appears to play a role in a wide variety of autonomic functions, such as regulating heart rate and blood pressure, and is vital to cognitive functions, such as reward anticipation, decision-making, empathy, and emotion. Neuroscientists indicate the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex is primarily related to rational cognition while the ventral is more related to emotional cognition. The cingulate cortex is part of the brain and situated roughly in the middle of the cortex. ... A Brodmann area is a region in the brain cortex defined by its cytoarchitectonic characteristics. ... The corpus callosum is the largest white matter structure in the mammalian brain. ... Anatomy and Physiology of the A.N.S. In contrast to the voluntary nervous system, the involuntary or autonomic nervous system is responsible for homeostasis, maintaining a relatively constant internal environment by controlling such involuntary functions as digestion, respiration, and metabolism, and by modulating energy needed to cope with stressful... The heart rate is the number of contractions of the heart in one minute. ... Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels. ... The term cognition is used in several different loosely related ways. ... Empathy is the recognition and understanding of the states of mind, including beliefs, desires and particularly emotions of others without injecting your own. ... Etymologically, the word emotion is a composite formed from two Latin words. ... The word dorsal can refer to many different things. ... Rational may be: the adjective for the state of rationality acting according to the philosophical principles of rationalism a mathematical term for certain numbers; the rational numbers the software company Rational Software; now owned by IBM, and formerly Rational Software Corporation This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which... In zootomy, several terms are used to describe the location of organs and other structures in the body of bilateral animals. ... Etymologically, the word emotion is a composite formed from two Latin words. ...

According to the latest research by Alcino Silva and colleagues at the University of California, Los Angeles, the anterior cingulate cortex is responsible for rendering new memories permanent. According to researchers at the California Institute of Technology, the ACC of mankind has undergone significant evolutionary adaptations, playing an increased role in relaying neural signals from deep within the brain to various regions of the neocortex, in particular Brodmann's area 10, perhaps as recently as the last 100,000 years. The University of California, Los Angeles, popularly known as UCLA, is a public, coeducational university situated in the neighborhood of Westwood within the city of Los Angeles. ... For computer memory, see computer storage. ... The California Institute of Technology (commonly known as Caltech) is a private, coeducational university located in Pasadena, California, in the United States. ... Charles Darwin, father of the theory of evolution by natural selection. ... In the anatomy of animals, the neopallium or neocortex is a part of the telencephalon in the brain. ... Categories: Stub | Cerebrum ...

ACC response in Stroop task experiments (designed to measure adherence to sequential decision-making paths), remains relatively elevated in typical human subjects, as the alternative - spontaneity - is sacrificed. Whereas most funded research is concentrated on reduced task focus - often diagnosed subjectively as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADD) - recent research has revealed that heightened ACC activity (generally associated with reduced dopamine utilization) reduces capacity to learn how to use visual cues for anticipating rewards [1]. Binomial name Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Subspecies Homo sapiens idaltu (extinct) Homo sapiens sapiens Human beings define themselves in biological, social, and spiritual terms. ... DISCLAIMER Please remember that Wikipedia is offered for informational use only. ... Dopamine is a chemical naturally produced in the body. ...

The anterior cingulate cortex contains cells known as spindle neurons, and have only been found in the ACC and frontoinsular cortex of humans and great apes. Spindle neurons are a specific class of neurons characterised by a large spindle shapped soma, gradually tapering into two dendrites in opposite directions. ... Genera Subfamily Ponginae Pongo - Orangutans Gigantopithecus (extinct) Sivapithecus (extinct) Lufengpithecus (extinct) Ankarapithecus (extinct) Subfamily Homininae Gorilla - Gorillas Pan - Chimpanzees Homo - Humans Dryopithecus (extinct) Ouranopithecus (extinct) Paranthropus (extinct) Australopithecus (extinct) Sahelanthropus (extinct) Orrorin (extinct) Ardipithecus (extinct) Kenyanthropus (extinct) Pierolapithecus (extinct) (tentative) The hominids are the members of the biological family Hominidae...

External links

• The Anterior Cingulate Cortex: The Evolution of an Interface Between Emotion and Cognition, paper by John Allman et al
• AllmanLab.CalTech.edu - John Allman Lab
• TaipeiTimes.com - Know Thyself and Others

See Also:

• Cingulate cortex
• Cingulate gyrus
• Cingulate sulcus