in the pterygopalatine fossa (zygomatic, zygomaticotemporal, zygomaticofacial, sphenopalatine, posterior superior alveolar) Cranial nerves Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain in contrast to spinal nerves which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. ... The trigeminal nerve is the fifth (V) cranial nerve, and carries sensory information from most of the face, as well as motor supply to the muscles of mastication (the muscles enabling chewing), tensor tympani (in the middle ear), and other muscles in the floor of the mouth, such as the... The Ophthalmic nerve is one of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve, one of the cranial nerves. ... The Lacrimal Nerve is the smallest of the three branches of the ophthalmic. ... The Frontal Nerve is the largest branch of the ophthalmic, and may be regarded, both from its size and direction, as the continuation of the nerve. ... The supratrochlear nerve, smaller than the Supraorbital nerve, passes above the pulley of the Obliquus superior, and gives off a descending filament, to join the infratrochlear branch of the nasociliary nerve. ... The supraorbital nerve arises from the orbit by the supraorbital foramen and supplies the upper eyelid and forehead integuments. ... The Ophthalmic nerve is one of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve, one of the cranial nerves. ... The long root of the ciliary ganglion usually arises from the nasociliary between the two heads of the Rectus lateralis. ... The long ciliary nerves, two or three in number, are given off from the nasociliary, as it crosses the optic nerve. ... The infratrochlear nerve is given off from the nasociliary just before it enters the anterior ethmoidal foramen. ... The posterior ethmoidal nerve is a branch of the nasociliary nerve. ... The anterior ethmoidal nerve is a nerve which provides sensory branches to the nasal cavity. ... The ciliary ganglion is small parasympathetic ganglion lying in the orbit between the optic nerve and the lateral rectus muscle that is associated with the nasociliary nerve (a branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve). ... The branches of the ciliary ganglion are the short ciliary nerves. ... The Maxillary nerve is one of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve, one of the cranial nerves. ... The Middle Meningeal Nerve (meningeal or dural branch) is given off from the maxillary nerve directly after its origin from the semilunar ganglion; it accompanies the middle meningeal artery and supplies the dura mater. ... In the skull, the pterygopalatine fossa is the space between the lateral pterygoid plate (which is part of the sphenoid bone), and the palate. ... The Zygomatic Nerve (temporomalar nerve; orbital nerve) arises in the pterygopalatine fossa, enters the orbit by the inferior orbital fissure, and divides at the back of that cavity into two branches, zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial. ... The zygomaticotemporal nerve or zygomaticotemporal branch (temporal branch), from the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve 5), runs along the lateral wall of the orbit in a groove in the zygomatic bone, receives a branch of communication from the lacrimal, and, passing through a foramen in the zygomatic... The zygomaticofacial nerve or zygomaticofacial branch of zygomatic nerve (malar branch) passes along the infero-lateral angle of the orbit, emerges upon the face through a foramen in the zygomatic bone, and, perforating the Orbicularis oculi, supplies the skin on the prominence of the cheek. ... The Sphenopalatine Branches, two in number, descend to the sphenopalatine ganglion. ... The Posterior Superior Alveolar Branches (posterior superior dental branches) arise from the trunk of the maxillary nerve just before it enters the infraorbital groove; they are generally two in number, but sometimes arise by a single trunk. ...

in the infraorbital canal/infraorbital nerve (middle superior alveolar, anterior superior alveolar) One of the canals of the orbital surface of the maxilla, the infraorbital canal, opens just below the margin of the orbit. ... After the maxillary nerve enters the infraorbital canal, the nerve is frequently called the infraorbital nerve. ... The middle superior alveolar nerve is a nerve that drops from the infraorbital portion of the maxillary nerve to supply the sinus mucosa, the roots of the maxillary premolars, and the mesiobuccal root of the first molar. ...

on the face (inferior palpebral, external nasal, superior labial, infraorbital plexus) The Inferior Palpebral Branches (palpebral branches) ascend behind the Orbicularis oculi. ... The external nasal branches (or external nasal nerve) supply the skin of the side of the nose and of the septum mobile nasi, and join with the terminal twigs of the nasociliary nerve. ... The Superior Labial Branches (labial branches), the largest and most numerous, descend behind the Quadratus labii superioris, and are distributed to the skin of the upper lip, the mucous membrane of the mouth, and labial glands. ... The superior labial branches descend behind the Quadratus labii superioris, and are distributed to the skin of the upper lip, the mucous membrane of the mouth, and labial glands. ...

pterygopalatine ganglion (deep petrosal, nerve of pterygoid canal) The sphenopalatine ganglion is a parasympathetic ganglion found in the spheno-maxillary fossa. ... The deep petrosal nerve (large deep petrosal nerve) is given off from the carotid plexus, and runs through the carotid canal lateral to the internal carotid artery. ... The nerve of the pterygoid canal (Vidian nerve), formed by the junction of the great petrosal nerve and the deep petrosal nerve in the cartilaginous substance which fills the foramen lacerum, passes forward, through the pterygoid canal, with the corresponding artery, and is joined by a small ascending sphenoidal branch...

anterior (masseteric, deep temporal, buccal, lateral pterygoid) The greater palatine nerve (anterior palatine nerve) descends through the greater palatine canal, emerges upon the hard palate through the greater palatine foramen, and passes forward in a groove in the hard palate, nearly as far as the incisor teeth. ... The lesser palatine nerve (posterior palatine nerve) descends through the pterygopalatine canal, and emerges by the lesser palatine foramen. ... One branch of the posterior superior nasal branches, longer and larger than the others, is named the nasopalatine nerve. ... The pharyngeal nerve (pterygopalatine nerve) is a small branch arising from the posterior part of the pterygopalatine ganglion. ... The mandibular nerve is the third branch (V3) of the trigeminal nerve. ... The meningeal branch of the mandibular nerve (recurrent branch, nervus spinosus) enters the skull through the foramen spinosum with the middle meningeal artery. ... The medial pterygoid nerve (or internal pterygoid nerve) is a branch off the mandibular nerve that innervates the medial pterygoid muscle. ... The Masseteric Nerve passes lateralward, above the Pterygoideus externus, in front of the temporomandibular articulation, and behind the tendon of the Temporalis; it crosses the mandibular notch with the masseteric artery, to the deep surface of the Masseter, in which it ramifies nearly as far as its anterior border. ... The Deep Temporal Nerves are two in number, anterior and posterior. ... A branch of the mandibular nerve (which is itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve), the buccal nerve transmits sensory information from skin over the buccal membrane (in general, the cheek) and from the second and third molar teeth. ... External Pterygoid Nerve (or lateral pterygoid nerve): The nerve to the Pterygoideus externus frequently arises in conjunction with the buccinator nerve, but it may be given off separately from the anterior division of the mandibular nerve. ...

posterior (auriculotemporal, lingual, inferior alveolar, mylohyoid, mental) The auriculotemporal nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve that runs with the superficial temporal artery and vein, and provides sensory innervation to various regions on the side of the head. ... The Lingual Nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve from the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve (CN V3), that supplies the mucous membrane of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. ... The inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of the mandibular nerve, which is itself the third branch (V3) of the fifth cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V). ... The mylohyoid nerve is derived from the inferior alveolar just before it enters the mandibular foramen. ... The mental nerve emerges at the mental foramen, and divides beneath the Triangularis muscle into three branches: one descends to the skin of the chin. ...