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1984 Anti-Sikh Riots took place in India after the assassination of Indira Gandhi on October 31, 1984. India's Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated by two of her Sikh guards acting in the aftermath of Operation Bluestar. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Indira Priyadarśinī Gāndhī (Devanāgarī: इन्दिरा प्रियदर्शिनी गान्धी, IPA: ) (November 19, 1917 – October 31, 1984) was Prime Minister of India from January 19, 1966 to March 24, 1977, and again from January 14, 1980 until her assassination on October 31, 1984. ... October 31 is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 61 days remaining. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... A Sikh (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is an adherent of Sikhism. ... The Operation Blue Star (also known as the Golden Temple Massacre) (June 4 to June 6, 1984) was the Indian military raid of the Golden Temple in Amritsar, Punjab, the holiest temple of the Sikh religion. ...

Over the next four days nearly 3000 Sikhs were massacred in systematic riots planned and led by Congress activists and sympathizers. The then Congress government was widely criticized for doing very little at the time, if not acting as a conspirator, especially since voting lists were used to identify Sikh families. The then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, son of Indira Gandhi allegedly made a statement "When a big tree falls, the earth is bound to shake" on the Sikh carnage ^[1][2]. His widow, Sonia Gandhi and current President of the Congress Party, officially apologized in 1998 for the events of November, 1984. The most affected regions were neighborhoods in Delhi. Categories: Stub | Riots ... --207. ... Rājiv Ratna GāndhÄ« (DevanāgarÄ«: राजीव रत्न गान्धी, IPA: ) (August 20, 1944 – May 21, 1991), the eldest son of Indira and Feroze Gandhi, was the 9th Prime Minister of India (and the 3rd from the Gandhi family) from his mothers death on 31 October 1984 until his resignation on December... Sonia Gandhi (Hindi: , IPA: ),leader of the Congress Party of India, born Edvige Antonia Albina Maino on December 9, 1946, is an Italian-born Indian politician, the President of the Indian National Congress and the widow of former Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi. ... Delhi   (Hindi: , Urdu: ‎, Punjabi: ) is a metropolis in northern India. ...

It is alleged that the anti-Sikh violence were conducted at the behest of the Congress party who actually instigated masses. Many ordinary Indians of different religious dispositions made significant efforts to hide and help Sikh families as outlined in affidavits of Sikh victims and have been active in seeking appropriate justice^{[citation needed]}.

Picture of the BSF marching on the roads of Delhi

Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ...

The Incident

On November 1, 1984, a huge mob from the suburbs of Delhi descended on various localities where the Sikh were mainly concentrated. They carried iron rods, knives, clubs, and combustible material, including kerosene. They had voters' lists of houses and business establishments belonging to the Sikhs. The mobsters swarmed into Sikh homes. Sikh men, women and children were brutally killed. Their shops and houses were ransacked and burned. The mobsters stopped buses and trains, in and out of Delhi, pulling out Sikh passengers to be lynched or doused with kerosene and burnt.

During the riots, some Hindus protected Sikhs. Khushwant Singh expressed his gratitude to the Hindus when saying: “It was the Congress leaders who instigated mobs in 1984 and got more than 3000 people killed. I must give due credit to RSS and the BJP for showing courage and protecting helpless Sikhs during those difficult days. BJP party leader Atal Bihari Vajpayee himself intervened at a couple of places to help poor taxi drivers.”^[3] The Bharatiya Janata Party strongly condemned the riots^[4]. Marios caricature of Khushwant Singh, sitting next to a pile of books, a bottle of scotch, and a girlie magazine Khushwant Singh (Punjabi: , born February 2, 1915 in Punjab) is one of Indias most prominent Indian novelists and journalists. ... The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (Hindi: , English: ), also known as the Sangh or the RSS, is a right wing Hindu nationalist organization in India known for its grass roots work. ... The BhāratÄ«ya Janatā Party (BJP) (Hindi: , English: ), created in 1980, is one of the two major national political parties in India. ... Atal Bihari Vajpayee (Hindi: , pronunciation: ) (born December 25, 1924) was the Prime Minister of India in 1996 and again from October 13, 1998 until May 19, 2004. ... The BhāratÄ«ya Janatā Party (BJP) (Hindi: , English: ), created in 1980, is one of the two major national political parties in India. ...

Timeline

9:20 AM: Indira Gandhi shot by two of her sikh security guards at her residence, No. 1 Safdarjung Road, and rushed to All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS). All India Institute of Medical Studies (AIIMS) (created 1956) is a premier medical college located at New Delhi in India. ...

Around 10:50 AM: Indira Gandhi dies. ^[5][6]

11:00 AM: All India Radio listeners learn that two security guards who shot Indira Gandhi were Sikhs. // All India Radio (AIR for short), officially known as Akashwani (Devanagari: आकाशवाणी, ākāshvānī) is the radio broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India), an autonomous corporation of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. ...

4:00 PM: Rajiv Gandhi returns from West Bengal and reaches AIIMS. Stray incidents of attacks in and around that area. Rājiv Ratna Gāndhī (Devanāgarī: राजीव रत्न गान्धी, IPA: ) (August 20, 1944 – May 21, 1991), the eldest son of Indira and Feroze Gandhi, was the 9th Prime Minister of India (and the 3rd from the Gandhi family) from his mothers death on 31 October 1984 until his resignation on December...

5:30 PM: The cavalcade of President Zail Singh, who returned from a foreign visit, was stoned as it approached AIIMS. Late Evening and Night: Mobs fanned out in different directions from AIIMS. The violence against Sikhs spread, starting in the neighboring constituency of Congress Councillor Arjun Das. The violence included destruction of Sikh properties and takes place even in VIP areas such as in the vicinity of Prithviraj Road. Giani Zail Singh (Punjabi: , May 5, 1916 - December 25, 1994) was the President of India (1982-1987), and the first Sikh to hold Indias highest public office and honour. ...

Shortly after Rajiv Gandhi was sworn in, senior advocate and opposition leader, Ram Jethmalani, met Home Minister, P.V. Narasimha Rao and urged him to take immediate steps to save Sikhs from further attacks. Delhi's Lt. Governor, P.G. Gavai and Police Commissioner, S.C. Tandon, visited some of the violence affected areas. But no precautionary follow -up action was initiated. It was also alleged that Rajiv Gandhi deliberately delayed in calling in the Army, a move which many believe could have saved the lives of many. Ram Jethmalani (born September 14, 1923) is an Indian politician. ... Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao (June 28, 1921 - December 23, 2004) was the ninth Prime Minister of the Republic of India. ...

On the night of October 31st and morning of November 1st, several Congress leaders allegedly held meetings and mobilized support to launch a full scale assault against Delhi's Sikhs.

Commission(s) of Enquiry

Numerous commissions have been setup to investigate the riots, however, many of the primary accused were acquitted or never charge-sheeted. Ten commissions and committees have till now inquired into the riots. The most recent commission on the riots, headed by Justice G.T. Nanavati submitted its 185-page report to the Home Minister, Shivraj Patil on February 9, 2005 and the report was tabled in Parliament on August 8, 2005. The commissions below are listed in the order they were formed. Shivraj Patil is the Union Home Minister in the Manmohan Singh government. ... February 9 is the 40th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Marwah Commission

This commission was appointed in November 1984. Ved Marwah, Additional Commissioner of Police, was assigned the job of enquiring into the role of the police during the carnage of November 1984. Mr Marwah almost completed his inquiry towards the middle of 1985 when he was directed by the Central Government not to proceed further as Misra Commission had been appointed by then. Complete records of the Marwah Commission were taken over by the government and were later transferred to the Misra Commission. However, the most important part of the record, namely the handwritten notes of Mr Marwah, which contained important information, were not transferred to the Misra Commission. 1984 is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ved Marwah is a former governor of Manipur, Mizoram and Jharkhand. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Misra Commission of Enquiry

Misra commission was appointed in May 1985. Justice Rangnath Misra, was a sitting judge of the Supreme Court of India. Justice Misra submitted his report in August 1986 and the report was made public six months thereafter in February 1987. In his report, Justice Misra stated that it was not part of his terms of reference to identify any person and recommended the formation of three committees. There was only one term of reference to this commission, i.e. whether the violence was organised? The commission and its report has been heavily criticized as biased and a miscarriage of justice. 1985 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the land as established by Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. ... 1986 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Kapur Mittal Committee

Kapur Mittal Committee was appointed in February 1987 on the recommendation of the Misra Commission to inquire into the role of the police, which the Marwah Commission had almost completed in 1985 itself, when the government asked that committee to wind up and not proceed further. After almost two years, this committee was appointed for the same purpose. This committee consisted of Justice Dalip Kapur and Mrs Kusum Mittal, retired Secretary of Uttar Pradesh. It submitted its report in 1990. Seventy-two police officers were identified for their connivance or gross negligence. The committee recommended forthwith dismissal of 30 police officers out of 72. However, till date, not a single police officer has been awarded any kind of punishment. 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: ‎, translation: Northern Province, IPA: ,  ), also popularly known by its abbreviation U.P. It is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Union of India. ... This article is about the year. ...

Jain Banerjee Committee

This committee was recommended by the Misra Commission for recommending registration of cases. It consisted of Justice M.L. Jain, former Judge of the Delhi High Court and Mr A.K. Banerjee, retired Inspector General of Police. The Misra Commission held in its report that a large number of cases had not been registered and wherever the victims named political leaders or police officers, cases were not registered against them. This committee recommended registration of cases against Mr Sajjan Kumar in August 1987, but no case was registered. In November 1987 many press reports appeared for not registering cases in spite of the recommendation of the committee. In December 1987, one of the co-accused along with Sajjan Kumar, namely Mr Brahmanand Gupta filed a writ petition in the Delhi High Court and obtained a stay against this committee. The government did not oppose the stay. The Citizens Justice Committee filed an application for vacating the stay. Ultimately, the writ petition was decided in August 1989 and the high court quashed the appointment of this committee. An appeal was filed by the Citizens Justice Committee in the Supreme Court of India. The High Court of Delhi was established on October 31, 1966. ... An Inspector General of Police is a high ranking police officer of the Indian Police Service or Royal Malaysian Police/Polis Di-Raja Malaysia cadre. ... Sajjan Kumar (b. ... 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... December 28, 1987 Joe Lunde is born. ... 1989 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the land as established by Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. ...

Potti Rosha Committee

Rioters burning shops and other commercial establishments.

Potti Rosha Committee was appointed in March 1990, by the V.P. Singh government, as a successor to the Jain Banerjee Committee. In August 1990, Potti-Rosha issued recommendations for filing cases based on affidavits victims of the violence had submitted. There was one against Sajjan Kumar. A CBI team went to Kumar's home to file the charges; his supporters locked them up and threatened them harm if they persisted in their designs on their leader. As a result of this intimidation, when Potti-Rosha's term expired in September 1990, Potti and Rosha decided to disband their inquiry. Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Sajjan Kumar (b. ... The CBI emblem. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Jain Aggarwal Committee

The committee was appointed in December 1990 as a successor to the Potti Rosha Committee. It consisted of Justice J.D. Jain, retired Judge of the Delhi High Court and Mr D.K. Aggarwal, retired DGP of Uttar Pradesh. This committee recommended registration of cases against H.K.L. Bhagat, Sajjan Kumar, Dharamdas Shastri and Jagdish Tytler. The Committee also suggested setting up of two - three Special Investigating Teams in the Delhi Police under a Deputy Commissioner of Police and the overall supervision by the Additional Commissioner of Police, In-charge - CID and also to review the work-load of the three Special Courts set up to deal with October - November, 1984 riots cases exclusively so that these cases could be taken up on day-to-day basis. The question of appointment of Special Prosecutors to deal with October - November 1984 riots cases exclusively was also discussed. This committee was wound up in August 1993. However, the cases recommended by this committee were not even registered by the police. 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: ‎, translation: Northern Province, IPA: ,  ), also popularly known by its abbreviation U.P. It is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Union of India. ... H.K.L. Bhagat is an Indian politician belonging to the Congress. ... Sajjan Kumar (b. ... Jagdish Tytler (b. ... A Deputy Commissioner of Police (abbreviation: DCP or DC, Chinese: 副警察总监) is the second most senior police rank of a senior officer in the Singapore Police Force above the rank of Senior Assistant Commissioner and below that of the Commissioner of Police Categories: | | ... 1993 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ...

Ahuja Committee

Ahuja Committee was the third committee recommended by the Misra Commission to ascertain the total number of killings in Delhi. This committee submitted its report in August 1987 and gave a figure of 2,733 as the number of Sikhs killed in Delhi alone. 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Sikh man wearing a turban The adherents of Sikhism are called Sikhs. ... Delhi   (Hindi: , Urdu: ‎, Punjabi: ) is a metropolis in northern India. ...

Dhillon Committee

Dhillon Committee headed by Mr Gurdial Singh Dhillon was appointed in 1985 to recommend measures for the rehabilitation of the victims. This committee submitted its report by the end of 1985. One of the major recommendations of this Committee was that the business establishments, which had insurance cover, but whose insurance claims were not settled by insurance companies on the technical ground that riot was not covered under insurance, should be paid compensation under the directions of the government. This committee recommended that since all insurance companies were nationalised, they be directed to pay the claims. However, the government did not accept this recommendation and as a result insurance claims were rejected by all insurance companies throughout the country.

Narula Committee

Narula Committee was appointed in December 1993 by the Madan Lal Khurana government in Delhi. One of the recommendations of the Narula Committee was to convince the Central Government to grant sanction in this matter. Mr. Khurana took up the matter with the Central Government and in the middle of 1994, the Central Government decided that the matter did not fall within its purview and sent the case to the Lt. Governor of Delhi. It took two years for the Narasimha Rao Government to decide that it did not fall within Centre's purview. Narasimha Rao Government further delayed the case. This committee submitted its report in January 1994 and recommended the registration of cases against H.K.L. Bhagat, Sajjan Kumar and Jagdish Tytler. Ultimately, despite the delay by the Central government, the CBI was able to file the charge sheet in December 1994. 1993 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Madan Lal Khurana (born October 15, 1936, Lyallpur (now called Faisalabad in Pakistan]]) is an Indian politician. ... Madan Lal Khurana (born October 15, 1936, Lyallpur (now called Faisalabad in Pakistan]]) is an Indian politician. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Pamulaparthi Venkata Narasimha Rao (June 28, 1921 - December 23, 2004) was the ninth Prime Minister of the Republic of India. ... 1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... H.K.L. Bhagat is an Indian politician belonging to the Congress. ... Sajjan Kumar (b. ... Jagdish Tytler (b. ... 1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ...

The Nanavati Commission

Nanavati Commission was appointed by a unanimous resolution passed in the Rajya Sabha. This commission was headed by Justice G.T. Nanavati, retired Judge of the Supreme Court of India. The commission submitted its report in February 2004. The Commission claimed evidence against congressmen Jagdish Tytler, Sajjan Kumar and H.K.L. Bhagat for instigating the mobs to violence. The Commission also held the then police commissioner S.C. Tandon directly responsible for the riots. There was widespread protest against the report as it did not mention clearly the role of Tytler and other Congressmen in the riots. It finally led to the resignation of Jagdish Tytler from the Union Cabinet. The Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh also apologised to the Sikhs for the riots, few days after the report was tabled in the Parliament. The ATR report, while exonerating Mr Tytler, said, “a person cannot be prosecuted simply on the basis of probabilities.” The Nanavati Commission was appointed by Indian Parliament to investigate the serious violence against the Sikh community in India following the assasination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in October 1984. ... Executive President Vice-President Prime Minister Dy. ... Girish Thakorlal Nanavati (born 1935 in Jambusar, Gujarat) is a retired judge from the Supreme Court of India. ... The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the land as established by Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. ... 2004 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → // February 29, 2004 Jean-Bertrand Aristide resigns as president of Haiti and flees the country for the Central African Republic. ... Jagdish Tytler (b. ... Sajjan Kumar (b. ... H.K.L. Bhagat is an Indian politician belonging to the Congress. ... Manmohan Singh (Punjabi: , Hindi: , translation: Charming Lion) is the 14th and current Prime Minister of India. ...

Quotes related to Riots

• I felt like a refugee in my country. In fact, I felt like a Jew in Nazi Germany. (Khushwant Singh)
• Criminally led hoodlums killed Sikhs, looted or burnt homes and properties while the police twiddled their thumbs. (India Today, November 15, 1984)
• I was told,‘You appoint another committee to identify the people but HKL Bhagat is not involved.’ (Advocate Harvinder Singh Phoolka, who fought for justice for the Sikhs)

Marios caricature of Khushwant Singh, sitting next to a pile of books, a bottle of scotch, and a girlie magazine Khushwant Singh (Punjabi: , born February 2, 1915 in Punjab) is one of Indias most prominent Indian novelists and journalists. ... India Today is one of the Indias best-selling and most widely circulated weekly magazines, and is run by Aroon Purie. ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Picture Gallery

Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (750x660, 96 KB)Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (750x660, 96 KB)Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ... Image File history File links Picture of 1984 Anti-Sikh riots This work is copyrighted. ...

References

1. ^ When the big tree fell
2. ^ Remembering 1984
3. ^ K. Singh: “Congress (I) is the Most Communal Party”, Publik Asia, 16-11-1989.
4. ^ Swadesh Bahadur Singh (editor of the Sher-i-Panjâb weekly): “Cabinet berth for a Sikh”, Indian Express, 31-5-1996.
5. ^ Indian prime minister shot dead
6. ^ Assassination and revenge

External links

• Website by the attorney defending November 1984 riot victims in Delhi. Contains important affidavits and other documentation.
• Times of India Report On the 20th Anniversary of the riots
• '1984 Sikhs' Kristallnacht', or 'Night of the Broken Glass', a report released in the House of Commons, Britain, on May 25, 2004 to mark the 20th anniversary of the riots. The report was prepared by Truth & Justice Campaign, Berkshire (London).
• Anti-Sikh riots a pogrom: Khushwant

Further reading

• Jaskaran Kaur, Barbara Crossette. Twenty Years of Impunity: The November 1984 riots of Sikhs in India. London: Nectar, 2004.[1]
• Cynthia Keppley Mahmood. Fighting for Faith and Nation: Dialogues With Sikh Militants. University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 0-8122-1592-3.
• Cynthia Keppley Mahmood. A Sea Of Orange: Writings on the Sikhs and India. Xlibris Corporation, ISBN 1-4010-2857-8
• Ram Narayan Kumar et al. Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab. South Asia Forum for Human Rights, 2003. [2]
• Joyce Pettigrew. The Sikhs of the Punjab: Unheard Voices of State and Guerrilla Violence. Zed Books Ltd., 1995.
• Anurag Singh. Giani Kirpal Singh’s Eye-Witness Account of Operation Bluestar. 1999.
• Patwant Singh. The Sikhs. New York: Knopf, 2000.
• Harnik Deol. Religion and Nationalism in India: The Case of the Punjab. London: Routledge, 2000
• Jacob Tully. Amritsar: Mrs Gandhi's Last Battle. ISBN 0-224-02328-4.
• Ranbir Singh Sandhu. Struggle for Justice: Speeches and Conversations of Sant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. Ohio: SERF, 1999.
• Iqbal Singh. Punjab Under Siege: A Critical Analysis. New York: Allen, McMillan and Enderson, 1986.
• Paul Brass. Language, Religion and Politics in North India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974.

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