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Antifreeze is used in internal combustion engines, and for many other heat transfer applications, such as electronics cooling and chillers for HVAC. Compounds are added to water to reduce the freezing point of the mixture to below the lowest temperature that the system is likely to be exposed to, and to inhibit corrosion in cooling systems which often contain a range of electrochemically incompatible metals (aluminum, cast iron, copper, lead solder, etc.). The term "colligative agent" is to be preferred as, in warm climates, the benefit of these compounds is to increase the boiling point of the coolant, which should then be more properly referred to as "anti-boil", and as anti-freeze decreases and increases both properties, respectively, "colligative agent" more accurately describes the liquid. The term "engine coolant" is widely used in industry. Antifreeze may be: Antifreeze, engine coolant or coolant additive Antifreeze (plumbing) Antifreeze, agent for deicing outdoor surfaces Antifreeze, a band formerly signed to Kung Fu Records. ...
The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of fuel and an oxidizer (typically air) occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber. ...
York International water-cooled chiller. ...
HVAC may also stand for High-voltage alternating current HVAC systems use ventilation air ducts installed throughout a building that supply conditioned air to a room through rectangular or round outlet vents, called diffusers; and ducts that remove air from return-air grilles Fire-resistance rated mechanical shaft with HVAC...
A chemical compound is a chemical substance of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ...
Freezing point can refer to several things: For the chemistry term, see Melting point. ...
For other uses, see Temperature (disambiguation). ...
Corrosion inhibitor - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ...
Electrochemistry is the study of the electronic and electrical aspects of chemical reactions. ...
Aluminum is a soft and lightweight metal with a dull silvery appearance, due to a thin layer of oxidation that forms quickly when it is exposed to air. ...
Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but can mean any of a group of iron-based alloys containing more than 2% carbon (alloys with less carbon are carbon steel by definition). ...
Copper has played a significant part in the history of mankind, which has used the easily accessible uncompounded metal for nearly 10,000 years. ...
This article is about the metal. ...
A solder is a fusible metal alloy, with a melting point or melting range of 180-190°C (360-370 °F), which is melted to join metallic surfaces, especially in the fields of electronics and plumbing, in a process called soldering. ...
Italic text This article is about the boiling point of liquids. ...
Agents
Methanol Until the late 1930s, methanol was the most widely used antifreeze. While effective in preventing the coolant from freezing, its low boiling point and low specific heat capacity led to considerably less cooling than water alone. Also, the concentration of methanol would tend to be reduced over time due to its greater tendency to evaporate than the water with which it was mixed. Image File history File links Methanol. ...
Image File history File links Methanol. ...
The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known as the World Depression. ...
Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, carbinol, wood alcohol, wood naptha or wood spirits, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH3OH. It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colourless, flammable, poisonous liquid with a distinctive odor that is somewhat milder and sweeter than ethanol (ethyl alcohol). ...
Italic text This article is about the boiling point of liquids. ...
Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the heat energy required to increase the temperature of a unit quantity of a substance by a certain temperature interval. ...
Ethylene glycol Ethylene glycol solutions became available in 1937 and were marketed as "permanent antifreeze", since the higher boiling points provided advantages for summertime use as well as during cold weather. They are still used today. Ethylene glycol antifreezes are poisonous and should be kept away from any person or animal (children and especially dogs) that might be tempted by its sweet taste. They form calcium oxalate crystals in the kidneys and can cause acute renal failure and death. All spills should be cleaned, or else an area in which it may be present should be kept inaccessible to those who might ingest it. Download high resolution version (1372x469, 3 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Download high resolution version (1372x469, 3 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Ethylene glycol (monoethylene glycol (MEG), IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an alcohol with two -OH groups (a diol), a chemical compound widely used as an automotive antifreeze. ...
Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...
For other uses, see Poison (disambiguation). ...
Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris The dog (Canis lupus familiaris) is a domestic subspecies of the wolf, a mammal of the Canidae family of the order Carnivora. ...
Calcium oxalate is a chemical compound that forms needle-shaped crystals. ...
Renal failure is the condition in which the kidneys fail to function properly. ...
Should ingestion of antifreeze occur, ethanol (alcoholic beverages) can be administered until proper treatment can be started in order to slow the conversion of methanol to formaldehyde and formic acid which are the substances responsible for methanol's toxicity. In practice, ethanol can be administered intravenously by doctors to counter ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning, but now that another antidote is available (fomepizole), its popularity for this application is greatly in decline. [1] Grain alcohol redirects here. ...
Alcoholic beverages An alcoholic beverage (also known as booze in slang term) is a drink containing ethanol, commonly known as alcohol, although in chemistry the definition of alcohol includes many other compounds. ...
Methylated spirit (Meths or denatured alcohol — but not Rubbing alcohol which is different [1]) is ethanol which has been rendered toxic or otherwise undrinkable, and in some cases dyed. ...
Fomepizole or 4-Methylpyrazole is indicated for use as an antidote in confirmed or suspected methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning. ...
In order to prevent ingestion, bittering agent (denatonium benzoate) is usually added to engine coolant to make it taste unpleasant. In the United States, there is legislation before Congress (H.R.2567/S.1110) that would make the use of a bittering agent mandatory. Bitter can refer to: Look up bitter in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (or under trade names such as Bitrex or Aversion) and as denatonium saccharide, is the most bitter compound known. ...
Propylene glycol Propylene glycol, on the other hand, is considerably less toxic and may be labeled as "non-toxic antifreeze". It is used as antifreeze where ethylene glycol would be inappropriate, such as in food-processing systems or in pipes in homes, as well as numerous other settings. It is also used in food, medicines, and cosmetics, often as a binding agent. Propylene glycol is "generally recognized as safe" by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in food. However, propylene glycol-based antifreeze should not be considered safe for consumption. In the event of accidental ingestion, emergency medical services should be contacted. Download high resolution version (1634x403, 3 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Download high resolution version (1634x403, 3 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Propylene glycol, also known as 1,2-propanediol, is an organic compound (a diol alcohol), usually a tasteless, odorless, and colorless clear oily liquid that is hygroscopic and miscible with water, acetone, and chloroform. ...
Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) is a United States of America Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designation that a chemical or substance added to food is considered safe by experts, and so is exempted from the usual Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) food additive tolerance requirements. ...
“FDA†redirects here. ...
Other developments In the 1980s inventor Jack Evans discovered the advantages of using a waterless coolant. His final formulation is a mixture of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. This coolant has a high boiling point of 188 °C (370 °F) and is not corrosive, solving many of water's problems including freezing.
Most commercial antifreeze formulations include corrosion inhibiting compounds, and a colored dye (commonly a green, red or blue fluorescent) to aid in identification. A 1:1 dilution with water is usually used, resulting in a freezing point of approximately −40 °C. In warmer areas weaker dilutions are used. Corrosion inhibitor - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ...
Look up dye in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
For other uses, see Green (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Red (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Blue (disambiguation). ...
Fluorescence induced by exposure to ultraviolet light in vials containing various sized cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots. ...
For other uses, see Concentration (disambiguation). ...
Glycol antifreeze solutions should generally be replaced with fresh mixture every two years. Many modern cars now come filled with organic acid technology (OAT) antifreeze (such as Dex-Cool[1]), which has an extended service life of five years. However Dex-cool has caused severe corrosion and ruined radiators and manifolds and should be flushed out of GM cooling systems, rather than relying on the purported 5 year service life. Although these still contain glycol, OAT solutions may not be compatible with conventional inorganic-based coolants containing glycol (e.g., with silicates, borates, phosphates) and, if changing from one type to the other, the cooling system must be thoroughly flushed with clean water.[2] Typically OAT antifreeze contains a red or pink dye to differentiate it from the conventional inorganic coolants (blue or green). Some of the newer technology OAT coolants claim to be compatible with all types of OAT and inorganic-based coolants; these are typically green or yellow in color.
References - ^ Keyes, Daniel C. (2005). Toxicity, Ethylene Glycol. eMedicine. Retrieved on 2007-02-13.
- ^ Clearing Up Coolant Confusion: Coolant Flush & Fill section.
Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
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