Anti-WEF grafiti in Lausanne. The writing reads: La croissance est une folie ("Growth is madness")

Anti-globalization is a term most commonly used to describe the political stance of the grouping of social movements which are prominent in protests against global trade agreements and the negative consequences for the poor, for the environment and for peace which they claim follow from them. Participants in these movements often reject the term "anti-globalization", preferring to describe themselves as the Global Justice Movement, the Movement of Movements or the alter-globalization movement. Download high resolution version (2283x1158, 680 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (2283x1158, 680 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The World Economic Forum (WEF) is a Geneva-based foundation whose Annual Meeting of chief executives of the worlds richest corporations, some national political leaders (presidents, prime ministers and others), and selected intellectuals and journalists, about 2000 people in all, is usually held in Davos, Switzerland. ... Lausanne (46° 31′ 10″ N 6° 37′ 56″ E) is a city in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, situated on the shores of Lake Geneva (French: Lac Léman), and facing Évian-les-Bains (France). ... The term Global Justice Movement was introduced by the journalist George Monbiot in his 2003 book The Age of Consent. ... Movement of Movements is a term used to describe the loose grouping which is often called the Anti-globalization movement. ... Alter-globalization (or altermondialization from the French altermondialisation) is the name of a social movement which supports the international integration of globalization but demands that values of democracy, economic justice, environmental protection, and human rights be put ahead of purely economic concerns. ...

Is "anti-globalization" a misnomer?

Many participants consider the term "anti-globalization" to be a misnomer, and one which has been used to make inaccurate and simplistic criticisms of the movement, for example that it is purely negative, or that it simply argues for protectionism or even nationalism. In fact, the movement is self-consciously internationalist, organising globally and seeing itself as in solidarity with oppressed people around the world (see for example the organisation Peoples Global Action). One element that makes up the movement is the No Border network, which argues for unrestricted migration and the abolition of all national borders. A misnomer is an incorrect or misleading name for a thing. ... Protectionism is the economic policy of promoting favored domestic industries through the use of high tariffs and other regulations to discourage imports. ... Nationalism is an ethno-political ideology that sustains the concept of a nation-identity for an exclusive group of people. ... Oppression is the arbitrary and cruel exercise of power. ... Peoples Global Action (PGA) is the name of a worldwide co-ordination of radical social movements, grassroots campaigns and direct actions in resistance to capitalism and for social and environmental justice. ... The No Border Network is a loose association of autonomous organizations, groups, and individuals in Europe who resist human migration control by coordinating international border camps, demonstrations, direct actions, and anti-deportation campaigns. ...

The term "anti-globalization" arose from the movement's opposition to free-trade agreements which have often been considered part of something called "globalization." To emphasise that it is this aspect of globalization to which they are opposed, parts of the movement describe themselves as "anti-capitalist" or "anti-corporate," and have adopted slogans which refer to an idea of globalization which they consider positive, such as "globalize justice" or "globalize liberation." Globalization (or globalisation) is a term used to describe the changes in societies and the world economy that are the result of dramatically increased trade and cultural exchange. ... Anti-capitalism is any and all opposition to capitalism. ... A corporation is (fucked up)a legal entity (distinct from a natural person) that often has similar rights in law to those of a Civil law systems may refer to corporations as moral persons; they may also go by the name AS (anonymous society) or something similar, depending on language...

Another concern some activists have about the term "anti-globalization" is that it does not distinguish their position from nationalist opposition to globalization. Many nationalist movements, such as the French National Front, are also opposed to globalization, but argue that the alternative to globalization is a protection of the nation-state, sometimes in explicitly racist or fascist terms. Some fascist groups influenced by the Third Position have attempted to tailor their message to appeal to the anti-globalization movement (most notably, the National Anarchists). However, the far-right is overwhelmingly rejected by the globalization movement, with the Peoples Global Action hallmarks explicitly rejecting racism, and many within the movement also active in anti-fascist groups such as ANTIFA. Nationalism is an ideology that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a common identity for groups of humans. ... This article is about the French political party, not the WWII French resistance movement Front National. ... An African-American drinks out of a water fountain marked for colored in 1939 at a street car terminal in Oklahoma City. ... Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ... International Third Position was a group formed by Nick Griffin and Derek Holland as a continuation of the Political Soldier movement. ... Peoples Global Action (PGA) is the name of a worldwide co-ordination of radical social movements, grassroots campaigns and direct actions in resistance to capitalism and for social and environmental justice. ...

Ideology and Causes within the Movement

The anti-globalization movement developed in the late twentieth century to combat the globalization of corporate economic activity and the free trade with developing nations that might result from such activity. Anti-globalizationists are sometimes perceived to be marginalized by mainstream media and governments because of their strongly "anti-business" views; most media across the world are owned by wealthy individuals or large corporations, who are believed by activists to have conflicting interests with the activists. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ... A developing country is a country with low average income compared to the world average. ...

Although adherents of the movement often work together, the movement itself is heterogeneous and includes diverse, sometimes opposing, understandings of the globalization process, alternative visions, strategies and tactics. The groups and organizations that are considered part of the movement and participate in its initiatives, more or less frequently, were not founded as "antiglobalist" (with the possible exception of ATTAC), but have their roots in various pre-existing social and political movements. The movement finds its heritage in such movements as the 1968 movement in Europe and the protest against the Vietnam War in the United States. The movement as it is known now was born from the convergence of these different political experiences when their adherents began to demonstrate together on certain occasions, especially international meetings such as the Seattle WTO meeting of 1999 or Genoa G/8 summit in 2001. A heterogeneous compound, mixture, or other such object is one that consists of many different items, which are often not easily sorted or separated, though they are clearly distinct. ... Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions for the Aid of Citizens (ATTAC - Association pour la Taxation des Transactions pour lAide aux Citoyens) is an activist organization for the establishment of a tax on exchange transactions. ... The Vietnam War was fought from 1957 to 1975 between Soviet-supported Vietnamese nationalist and Communist forces and an array of Western and pro-Western forces, most notably the United States. ... On November 30, 1999, the World Trade Organization convened in Seattle, Washington, USA, for what was to be the launch of a new millennial round of trade negotiations. ... Protestors on the Streets The Genoa Group of Eight Summit protest, from July 18 to July 22, 2001, was one of the most dramatic protests in Western Europes recent history, drawing some 300,000 demonstrators and resulting in the death of at least one activist. ...

Many different causes are championed by members of the movement. Generally they try to promote awareness for human rights NGOs, advocate socialist or social democratic alternatives to capitalist economics, and seek to protect the public interest and the world's ecosystem from what they believe to be the damaging effects of globalization. They struggle for labor rights, environmentalism, feminism, freedom of migration, preservation of the cultures of indigenous peoples, biodiversity, cultural diversity, food safety, organic farming, opposition to the green revolution and genetic engineering, and ending or reforming capitalism. Many of the protesters are veterans of single-issue campaigns, including forest/anti-logging activism, living wage, labor union organizing, anti-sweatshop campaigns, homeless solidarity campouts, urban squatting, urban autonomy, and political secession. Although movement members see most or all of the aforementioned goals as complementary to one another, the number of different (and sometimes contradictory) issues has been a point of annoyance for the people they are protesting against. Critics claim many views are inconsistent or unrealistic. Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an organization which is independent from the government. ... The color red and particularly the red flag are traditional symbols of Socialism. ... Social democracy is a political ideology emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from supporters of Marxism who believed that the transition to a socialist society could be achieved through democratic evolutionary rather than revolutionary means. ... Capitalism has been defined in various ways (see q:Capitalism). ... Economics (deriving from the Greek words οίκω [okos], house, and νέμω [nemo], rules hence household management) is the social science that studies the allocation of scarce resources to satisfy unlimited wants. ... Public interest is a term used to denote political movements and organizations that are in the public interest—supporting general public and civic causes, in opposition of private and corporate ones (particularistic goals). ... In ecology, an ecosystem is a naturally occurring assemblage of organisms (plant, animal and other living organisms—also referred to as a biotic community or biocoenosis) living together with their environment (or biotope), functioning as a unit of sorts. ... The labor movement (or labour movement) is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better treatment from their employers and political governments. ... Environmentalism is the support or involvement with the environmental movement by environmentalists. ... Feminism is a body of social theory and a political movement primarily based on, and motivated by, the experiences of women. ... Migration occurs when living things move from one biome to another. ... Indigenous peoples are: Peoples living in an area prior to colonization by a state Peoples living in an area within a nation-state, prior to the formation of a nation-state, but who do not identify with the dominant nation. ... Biodiversity or biological diversity is the diversity of and in living nature. ... Cultural diversity is the variety of human cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole. ... Foodborne illness or food poisoning is caused by consuming food contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, toxins, viruses, prions or parasites. ... Organic farming is a way of farming that avoids the use of synthetic chemicals as well as genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and usually subscribes to the principles of sustainable agriculture. ... The Green Revolution is a process of technological development of agricultural techniques that began in Mexico in 1944 and has since spread throughout the world. ... An iconic image of genetic engineering; this 1986 autoluminograph of a glowing transgenic tobacco plant bearing the luciferase gene of fireflys strikingly demonstrates the power and potential of genetic manipulation. ... Capitalism has been defined in various ways (see q:Capitalism). ... Single-issue politics involves political campaigning or political support based on one essential policy area or idea. ... For another article about a different type of logging, see data logging. ... Living wage refers to the hourly wage that one deems necessary for a person to achieve a basic standard of living. ... A union (labor union in American English; trade union, sometimes trades union, in British English; either labour union or trade union in Canadian English) is a legal entity consisting of employees or workers having a common interest, such as all the assembly workers for one employer, or all the workers... A sweatshop is a factory, where people work for a very small wage, producing a variety of products such as clothes, toys, shoes, and other consumer goods. ...

Several influential critical works have inspired the anti-globalization movement. No Logo, the book by the Canadian journalist Naomi Klein which criticized the production practices of multinational corporations and the omnipresence of brand-driven marketing in popular culture, has become a "manifesto" of the movement, presenting in a simple way themes more accurately developed in other works. In India some intellectual references of the movement can be found in the works of Vandana Shiva, a scientist, ecologist and feminist, who in her book Biopiracy documents the way that the natural capital of indigenous peoples and ecoregions is converted into forms of intellectual capital, which are then recognized as commercial property without sharing the private utility thus derived. The writer Arundhati Roy is famous for her anti-nuclear position and her crusade against India's massive hydroelectric dam project, sponsored by the World Bank. In France the authoritative monthly paper Le Monde Diplomatique has embraced the antiglobalization cause and an editorial of its director Ignacio Ramonet brought about the foundation of the association ATTAC. The works of Jean Ziegler and Immanuel Wallerstein has contributed regarding underdevelopment and dependence in a world ruled by capitalist system. Pacifist and anti-imperialist traditions have strongly influenced the movement. Critics of American foreign policy such as Noam Chomsky, Susan Sontag, and anti-globalist prankers The Yes Men are widely accepted inside the movement. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Naomi Klein (born 1970) is a Canadian journalist, author and activist. ... Popular culture, or pop culture, is the vernacular (peoples) culture that prevails in a modern society. ... Vandana Shiva (born 1952) is a physicist, philosopher, ecofeminist, environmental activist and writer. ... Biopiracy can refer to unauthorised use of biological resources , plants, animals, organs, microorganisms, genes; unauthorised use of traditional communities knowledge on biological resources; unequal share of benefits between a patent holder and the indigenous community whose resource and/or knowledge has been used; patenting of biological resources with no respect... Natural capital refers to the mineral, plant, and animal formations of the Earths biosphere when viewed as a means of production of oxygen, water filter, erosion preventer, or provider of other natural services. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of article quality. ... An ecoregion is a relatively large area of land or water that contains a geographically distinct assemblage of natural communities. ... Intellectual capital is a term with various definitions in different theories of economics. ... Arundhati Roy (born November 24, 1961) is an Indian novelist and peace activist. ... Logo of the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, in Romance languages: BIRD), better known as the World Bank, is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by WWII. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means... This monthly magazine is not to be mistaken for the daily Le Monde The monthly publication Le Monde diplomatique (nicknamed Le Diplo by its French readers) offers well-documented analysis and opinion on politics, culture, and current affairs. ... Ignacio Ramonet is a French journalist, the editor-in-chief of Le Monde diplomatique, a left-wing political magazine. ... Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions for the Aid of Citizens (ATTAC - Association pour la Taxation des Transactions pour lAide aux Citoyens) is an activist organization for the establishment of a tax on exchange transactions. ... Jean Ziegler (born April 19, 1934) is the UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food and is a senior professor of sociology at the University of Geneva and the Sorbonne, Paris. ... Immanuel Wallerstein (born 1930) is a U.S. sociologist. ... Anti-Americanism is a term referring to hostility towards or disapproval for the government, culture, history, and/or people of the United States of America. ... Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an Institute Professor Emeritus of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and creator of the Chomsky hierarchy, a classification of formal languages. ... Susan Sontag Susan Sontag (January 28, 1933 – December 28, 2004) was a well-known American essayist, novelist, left-leaning intellectual and controversial activist. ... The Yes Men are a group of culture jamming activists who practice what they call identity correction. They pretend to be powerful people and organizations and then use their newfound authority to espouse what they think those groups really believe, or in some cases what they think the groups should...

Although they may not recognize themselves as antiglobalists and are pro-capitalism, some economists who don't share the neoliberal approach of international economic institutions have strongly influenced the movement. Amartya Sen's Development as Freedom (winner of the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences, 1999), observes that third world development must be understood as the expansion of human capability, not simply the increase in national income per capita, and thus requires policies attuned to health and education, not simply GDP. The Nobel Prize in Economics James Tobin's proposal for a Tax on financial transactions (called, after him, the Tobin Tax) has become part of the agenda of the movement. George Soros, Joseph E. Stiglitz (another Nobel prize, formerly of the World Bank, author of Globalization and Its Discontents) and David Korten have made strong arguments for drastically improving transparency, for debt relief, land reform, and restructuring corporate accountability systems. Korten and Stiglitz's contribution to the movement include involvement in direct actions and street protest. As many supporters of the movement do not share the same basic assumptions of capitalism and economics itself, their particular agendas may not dominate the movement or its perceptions, but it potentially provides greater credibility. Amartya Sen Amartya Kumar Sen (अमर्त्‍य कुमार सेन) (born November 3, 1933) is an Indian (Bengali) economist best known for his work on famine, human development theory, welfare economics, and the underlying mechanisms of poverty. ... The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (Swe. ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences (Swe. ... James Tobin (March 5, 1918 – March 11, 2002) was a United States economist. ... A Tobin tax is the suggested tax on all trade of currency across borders. ... George Soros George Soros (born August 12, 1930 in Budapest, Hungary as Soros György) is a Hungarian-born American businessman. ... Joseph Stiglitz (born February 9, 1943) is an American economist, author and winner of Nobel Prize for economics (2001). ... Globalization and Its Discontents is a book written by the 2001 Nobel laureate Joseph E. Stiglitz. ... Dr. David C. Korten is an author and leader within the anti-globalization movement. ... In the physical sciences, specifically in optics, a transparent physical object is one that can be seen through. ... Debt relief is the partial or total forgiveness of debt, or the slowing or stopping of debt growth, owed by individuals, corporations, or nations. ... Land reform (also agrarian reform) is the government-initiated or government-backed transfer of ownership of (or tenure in) agricultural land. ... Corporate crime refers to criminal practices by individuals that have the legal authority to speak for a corporation or company. ... Direct action is a method and a theory of stopping objectionable practices or creating more favorable conditions using immediately available means, such as strikes, boycotts, workplace occupations, sit-ins, or sabotage, and less oppositional methods such as establishing radical social centres, although these are often squatted. ... Capitalism has been defined in various ways (see q:Capitalism). ... Economics (deriving from the Greek words οίκω [okos], house, and νέμω [nemo], rules hence household management) is the social science that studies the allocation of scarce resources to satisfy unlimited wants. ...

In some Roman Catholic countries such as Italy there have even been religious influences, especially from missionaries who have spent a long time in the Third World (the most famous being Alex Zanotelli). The confluence between this tradition and post-communist tradition is often perceived as odd, but not completely at odds. For the Jamaican reggae band, see Third World (band). ... Father Alex Zanotelli was born in Livo (Trento, Italy) on August 26, 1938. ...

Internet sources and free-information websites, such as Indymedia, are a powerful means of diffusion of the movement's ideas. The vast array of material on spiritual movements, anarchism, libertarian socialism and the Green Movement that is now available on the Internet has been perhaps more influential than any printed book. The previously obscure works of Arundhati Roy, Starhawk, and John Zerzan, in particular, inspired a critique favoring feminism, consensus process and political secession. The Independent Media Center, also called Indymedia or the IMC, is a loose network of amateur or alternative media organizations and journalists who organize into decentralized collectives, normally around geographic locations. ... Libertarian socialism is any one of a group of political philosophies dedicated to opposing coercive forms of authority and social hierarchy, in particular the institutions of capitalism and the state. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Arundhati Roy (born November 24, 1961) is an Indian novelist and peace activist. ... Starhawk (born Miriam Samos in 1951) is a American writer, activist and Witch. ... John Zerzan John Zerzan (born 1943) is an American anarchist and primitivist philosopher and author. ... Feminism is a body of social theory and a political movement primarily based on, and motivated by, the experiences of women. ... Consensus decision-making is a decision process that not only seeks the agreement of most participants, but also to resolve or mitigate the objections of the minority to achieve the most agreeable decision. ... Secession is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or political entity. ...

Opposition to International Financial Institutions and Transnational Corporations

Protestors believe that the global financial institutions and agreements undermine local decision-making methods. Many governments and free trade institutions are seen as acting for the good of transnational (or multinational) corporations (e.g. Microsoft, Monsanto, etc.). These corporations are seen as having privileges that most human persons do not have: moving freely across borders, extracting desired natural resources, utilizing a diversity of human resources. They are perceived to be able to move on after doing permanent damage to the natural capital and biodiversity of a nation, in a manner impossible for that nation's citizens. Activists also claim that corporations impose a kind of "global monoculture". Some of the movements' common goals are, therefore, an end to the legal status of corporate personhood and the dissolution, or dramatic reform, of the World Bank, IMF, and WTO. As protest slogans (simplistically) summarize: "People and planet before profits", "The Earth is not for sale!", or "Teamsters and Turtles, Together At Last!". A corporation is (fucked up)a legal entity (distinct from a natural person) that often has similar rights in law to those of a Civil law systems may refer to corporations as moral persons; they may also go by the name AS (anonymous society) or something similar, depending on language... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT) headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA, was founded in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen. ... Monsanto Company (NYSE: MON) is a multinational agricultural biotechnology corporation. ... Human Resources has at least two meanings depending on context. ... Natural capital refers to the mineral, plant, and animal formations of the Earths biosphere when viewed as a means of production of oxygen, water filter, erosion preventer, or provider of other natural services. ... Biodiversity or biological diversity is the diversity of and in living nature. ... Corporate personhood is a term used to describe the legal fiction used within United States law that a corporation has a limited number or subset of the same constitutional rights as does a human being. ...

The activists are especially opposed to "globalization abuse" (neoliberalism), and international institutions that are perceived to promote neoliberalism without regard to ethical standards, such as the World Bank (WB), International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) and "free trade" treaties like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), the Multilateral Agreement on Investments (MAI) and the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). They claim that the "free trade", considering the economic gap between rich and poor countries, wouldn't be free but would result in enforcing the position of the industrialized nations, sometimes called the "North" in opposition to the developing world's "South". The term neoliberalism was coined by Conservative Republicans to describe a political-economic philosophy that had major implications for government policies beginning in the 1970s – and increasingly prominent since 1980 – that de-emphasizes or rejects government intervention in the economy (that complements private initiative), focusing instead on achieving progress and... Logo of the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, in Romance languages: BIRD), better known as the World Bank, is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by WWII. Now, its mission has expanded to fight poverty by means... The flag of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is the international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked. ... The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an international organisation of those developed countries that accept the principles of representative democracy and a free market economy. ... The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization which oversees a large number of agreements defining the rules of trade between its member states (WTO, 2004a). ... Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ... The North American Free Trade Agreement, known usually as NAFTA, links Canada, the United States, and Mexico in a free trade sphere. ... The Free Trade Area of the Americas or FTAA (in Spanish: Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas, ALCA; in French: Zone de libre-échange des Amériques, ZLEA; in Portuguese: Área de Livre Comércio das Américas, ALCA) is a proposed agreement to eliminate or reduce trade barriers among all States... The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is a treaty of the World Trade Organization (WTO) that entered into force in January 1995 as a result of the Uruguay Round negotiations to provide for the extension of the multilateral trading system to services. ...

Activists often also oppose business alliances like the World Economic Forum (WEF), the Trans Atlantic Business Dialogue (TABD) and the Asia Pacific Economic Forum (APEC), as well as the governments which promote such agreements or institutions. Others argue that, if borders are opened to capital, borders should be similarly opened to allow free and legal circulation and choice of residence for migrants and refugees. These activists tend to target organizations such as the International Organization for Migration and the Schengen Information System. The World Economic Forum (WEF) is a Geneva-based foundation whose Annual Meeting of chief executives of the worlds richest corporations, some national political leaders (presidents, prime ministers and others), and selected intellectuals and journalists, about 2000 people in all, is usually held in Davos, Switzerland. ... The Transatlantic Business Dialogue (TABD) offers a framework for cooperation between the transatlantic business community and the governments of the European Union (EU) and United States of America (US). ... The International Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental organisation. ... Schengen Information System, also known as SIS, is an information system used in a number of European countries that provides data on persons or objects, as recorded by the participant countries. ...

Anti-Globalization as Anti-Neoliberalism

The movement could be seen as a critical response to the development of global economy and capitalism that commenced with Margaret Thatcher's and Ronald Reagan's fiscal attitudes towards the welfare state and social-democracy (so-called neoliberalism) and continued with the change in policies of global institutions expecially after the end of the Cold War and the decisions, even of centre-left governments, to privatize vast sectors of their countries' economies. The movement opposes the diffuse conviction that the increase of free trade and the reduction of the public sector will bring benefits to poor countries and to disadvantaged people in rich countries, and they resent what they perceive as a loss of sovereignty of democratic institutions. It should be noted that many who oppose neoliberalism are not "anti-corporate", and that anti-globalists often accuse left-wing governments of pursuing neoliberal policies while these dispute the assertion. The Right Honourable Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG OM PC FRS, born Margaret Hilda Roberts, (born 13 October 1925) is a British stateswoman and was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990, the only woman as of 2005 to serve in that position. ... Order: 40th President Vice President: George H.W. Bush Term of office: 21 January 1981 – 20 January 1989 Preceded by: Jimmy Carter Succeeded by: George H.W. Bush Date of birth: 6 February 1911 Place of birth: Tampico, Illinois Date of death: 5 June 2004 Place of death: Bel-Air... There are three main interpretations of the idea of a welfare state: the provision of welfare services by the state. ... A red carnation held in a closed fist is the international symbol of social democracy. ... The term neoliberalism was coined by Conservative Republicans to describe a political-economic philosophy that had major implications for government policies beginning in the 1970s – and increasingly prominent since 1980 – that de-emphasizes or rejects government intervention in the economy (that complements private initiative), focusing instead on achieving progress and... The Cold War was the open yet restricted rivalry that developed after World War II between the United States and its allies and the Soviet Union and its allies. ... Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ...

After the September 11 attacks the movement has typically been critical of American responses to terrorism and has opposed the 2003 invasion and subsequent occupation of Iraq. The movement saw the war as a hysterical response to the crisis of an economic and political model hegemonized by the United States, rather that as a reaction to actual dangers or as an intervention to bring democracy to the Middle East, as claimed by supporters of the war. Many members of the movement also support the Palestinian struggle for self-determination. The World Trade Center on fire The September 11, 2001 attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. ... The Palestinian flag, adopted in 1948, is a widely recognized modern symbol of the Palestinian people. ...

"Anti-Empire" Development

In 2003, the movement showed wide and deep global opposition to the war in Iraq. Its participants where among those 10 million or more protesters that on the weekend of February 15 participated in global protests against war on Iraq and were dubbed by the New York Times as the "world's second superpower". Others pacifist appointments where organized by the antiglobalization movement as such: see for example the big demonstration against the war (at the time only planned) that closed the first European Social Forum on November 2002 in Florence, Italy. 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 2003 invasion of Iraq, also called the Iraq War or Operation Iraqi Freedom, began March 20, 2003, initiated by the United States, the United Kingdom and a loosely-defined coalition. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Thousands of small and large global protests against war in general, the U.S. plan to invade Iraq and the war itself were held from 2002 to 2005. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... The Second Superpower is a term used to conceptualize a global social movement which poses the only counterbalance to global capitalism and war for empire. ... The European Social Forum (ESF) is an annual meeting held by members of the anti-globalization movement (also known as the Global Justice Movement). ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Location within Italy Giglio di Firenze - symbol of the city Florence (Italian, Firenze) is a city in the center of Tuscany, in central Italy at 43°46′ N 11°15′ E. The city on the Arno River has a population of around 400,000, plus a suburban population in excess...

Antiglobalization militants saw a confirmation for their preoccupation on the proper functioning of democratic institutions in the fact that the leaders of many democratic countries (Spain, Italy, Poland) were acting against the wishes of the majorities of their populations in supporting the war. Noam Chomsky pointed out that these leaders "showed their contempt for democracy". Critics of this type of argument have tended to point out that this is just a standard criticism of representative democracy — a democratically elected government will not always act in the direction of greatest current public support — and that, therefore, there is no inconsistency in the leaders' positions given that these countries are parliamentary democracies. Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an Institute Professor Emeritus of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and creator of the Chomsky hierarchy, a classification of formal languages. ... Representative democracy comprises a form of democracy and theory of civics wherein voters choose (in free, secret, multi-party elections) representatives to act in their interests, but not as their proxies—i. ... A parliamentary system, or parliamentarism, is distinguished by the executive branch of government being dependent on the direct or indirect support of the legeslative branch, or parliament, often expressed through a vote of confidence. ...

To show how closely linked the economic and military issues are in the eyes of some in the movement, a new statement of human rights aims was written as We Stand for Peace & Justice [1], leading in the USA to the start of the movement known as United for Peace and Justice [2]. Economics (deriving from the Greek words οίκω [okos], house, and νέμω [nemo], rules hence household management) is the social science that studies the allocation of scarce resources to satisfy unlimited wants. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ...

Organization

Although over the past years more emphasis has been given to the construction of grassroots alternatives to (capitalist) globalization, the movement's largest and most visible mode of organizing remains mass decentralized campaigns of direct action and civil disobedience. This mode of organizing, sometimes under the banner of the Peoples' Global Action network, tries to tie the many disparate causes together into one global struggle. For each member, exposure to other causes helps create a sense of solidarity and may lay the groundwork for a consensus process and the basis of unity for the movement overall, which could eventually include any, all or none of the doctrines listed above. Peoples' movements around the world are working to demonstrate that the path to sustainable development, social and economic justice lies in alternative models for people-centred and self-reliant progress, rather than in neo-liberal globalisation. Peoples Global Action (PGA) is the name of a worldwide co-ordination of radical social movements, grassroots campaigns and direct actions in resistance to capitalism and for social and environmental justice. ... Consensus decision-making is a decision process that not only seeks the agreement of most participants, but also to resolve or mitigate the objections of the minority to achieve the most agreeable decision. ... The basis of unity is the unifying principles or ethics upon which all members of an organization or coalition can agree - identifying features of a movement. ...

In many ways the process of organizing matters overall can be more important to activists than the avowed goals or achievements of any component of the movement.

At corporate summits, the stated goal of most demonstrations is to stop the proceedings. Some demonstration slogans to this effect include: "WEF? Shut it down!", "Capitalism? No thanks! We'll shut down your banks!", and "WTO? No! WTO? No!". Although the demonstrations rarely succeed in more than delaying or inconveniencing the actual summits, this energizes the mobilizations and gives them a visible, short-term purpose (in addition to their long-term goals). Critics claim that this form of publicity is expensive in police time and the public purse. Although not supported by many in the movement, rioting has occurred in Genoa, Seattle and London and extensive damage can be done to the area, especially "capitalist" targets like McDonalds Restaurants.

Despite (or perhaps because of) the lack of formal coordinating bodies, the movement manages to successfully organize large protests on a global basis, using information technology to spread information and organize. Protesters organize themselves into "affinity groups," typically non-hierarchical groups of people who live close together and share a common goal or political message. Affinity groups will then send representatives to planning meetings. However, because these groups are easily and frequently penetrated by law enforcement intelligence, important plans of the protests are often not made until the last minute. One common tactic of the protests is to split up based on willingness to break the law. This is designed, with varying success, to protect the risk-averse from the physical and legal dangers posed by confrontations with law enforcement. For example, in Prague, the protest split into three distinct groups, approaching the conference center from three directions: one engaging in various forms of civil disobedience (the Yellow march), one (the Pink/Silver march) advancing through "tactical frivolity" (costume, dance, theatre, music, and artwork), and one (the Blue march) engaging in violent conflicts with the baton-armed police, with the protesters throwing cobblestones lifted from the street. (See Guardian report) Categories: Information technology ... An affinity group is a small group of activists (usually from 5-20) who work together on direct action. ... Prague (Praha in Czech) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. ... Tactical Frivolity is a form of public protest. ... Tactical Frivolity is a form of public protest. ...

These demonstrations come to resemble small societies in themselves. Many protesters take training in first aid and act as medics to other injured protesters. Some organizations like the National Lawyer's Guild and, to a lesser extent, the ACLU provide legal witnesses in case of law enforcement confrontation. Protesters often claim that major media outlets do not properly report on them; therefore, some of them created the Independent Media Center, a collective of protesters reporting on the actions as they happen. The National Lawyers Guild is a professional organization in the United States for lawyers and related professions, similar in many respects to the American Civil Liberties Union, but farther to the political left. ... The American Civil Liberties Union, or ACLU, is a non_governmental organization devoted to defending civil rights and civil liberties in the United States. ... The Indymedia logo: A lowercase, italic i with three waves expanding out on the left and right The Independent Media Center (aka Indymedia or the IMC) started as a vision for a global, open network of DIY journalists and alternative media activists. ...

Some within the movement argue that this creation of "small societies" is the most important part of the large protests, more important in fact than simply opposing the meetings and organisations which are the nominal target. This show this influence on the movement of the anarchist idea that those attempting to change the world should concentrate on "creating the new society in the shell of the old," rather than waiting until after a revolution at some point in the future. See, for example, the leaflet Summits and Plateaus by the Leeds May Day Group. Other parts of the movement, especially leninist groups, argue that it is impossible to create a genuinely new society until after the current ruling system has been overthrown. This article describes a range of political philosophies that oppose the state and capitalism. ... Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism; it is a branch of Marxism (and it has been the dominant branch of Marxism in the world since the 1920s). ...

Main Demonstrations and appointments

J18

One of the first international Anti-globalization protests was organized in dozens of cities around the world on June 18, 1999, especially London, U.K. and Eugene, Oregon. The protest in Eugene, Oregon turned into a mini-riot where local anarchists drove cops out of a small park. One anarchist, Robert Thaxton, was arrested and convicted of throwing a rock at a police officer. As of 2004, he is still in prison. June 18 is the 169th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (170th in leap years), with 196 days remaining. ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Robert Los Ricos Thaxton in 2001 Robert Thaxton (born December 31, 1959) is an anarchist theorist and activist sentenced to seven years in prison for an incident at a Reclaim the Streets protests in Eugene, Oregon on June 18, 1999. ...

Seattle/N30

Main article: WTO Meeting of 1999 On November 30, 1999, the World Trade Organization convened in Seattle, Washington, USA, for what was to be the launch of a new millennial round of trade negotiations. ...

The second major mobilization of the movement, known as N30, occurred on November 30, 1999, when protesters blocked delegates' entrance to WTO meetings in Seattle, USA. The protests forced the cancellation of the opening ceremonies and lasted the length of the meeting until December 3. There was a large, permitted march by members of the AFL-CIO, and another large, unpermitted march by assorted affinity groups. The Seattle riot police, in conjunction with the National Guard, met the protesters with nightsticks, pepper spray, tear gas, and rubber bullets. Over 600 protesters were arrested and dozens were injured. One demonstrator miscarried her baby after being exposed to CS and OC gas. Three policemen were injured by friendly fire, and one by a thrown rock. Some protesters destroyed the windows of storefronts of businesses owned or franchised by targeted corporations such as a large Nike shop and many Starbucks windows. The mayor put the city under the municipal equivalent of martial law and declared a curfew. As of 2002, the city of Seattle had paid over $200,000 in settlements of lawsuits filed against the Seattle Police Department for assault and wrongful arrest, with a class action lawsuit still pending. November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 31 days remaining, as the final day of November. ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Seattle skyline City nickname: The Emerald City Location of Seattle in King County and Washington State County King Mayor Greg Nickels (NP) Area   â€“Land   â€“Water 369. ... Ľ The AFL-CIO is the largest labor union federation in the United States. ... The United States National Guard is a significant component of the United States armed forces military reserve. ... Hercules fights the Lernaean Hydra with a club A club or cudgel is perhaps the simplest of all melee weapons. ... Pepper spray is a non-lethal chemical agent which is used in riot control, crowd control and personal self-defense, including defence against dogs. ... A riot control agent is a type of lachrymatory agent (or lacrimatory agent). ... Rubber bullets are rubber-coated projectiles fired from guns. ... Friendly fire or non-hostile fire is United States military parlance for fire from friendly forces, as opposed to fire coming from enemy forces, which is known as enemy fire. In a friendly fire incident, forces or material assets of one side are attacked and damaged in error by those... The Nike swoosh logo Nike, Inc. ... For other meanings of the name Starbuck, see Starbuck. ... Martial law is the system of rules that takes effect (usually after a formal declaration) when a military authority takes control of the normal administration of justice (and usually of the whole state). ... A curfew can be one of the following: An order by the government for certain persons to return home before a certain time. ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Categories: Stub | Seattle, WA | United States municipal police departments ...

Law enforcement reaction

Although local police were surprised by the size of N30, law enforcement agencies have since reacted worldwide to prevent the disruption of future events by a variety of tactics, including sheer weight of numbers, infiltrating the groups to determine their plans, and preparations for the use of force to remove protesters. At the 2000 protest of the Republican National Convention in Philadelphia, John Sellers, a key organizer of the Ruckus Society, one of the groups organizing the protests, was arrested on charges of jaywalking and held in jail on $1,000,000 bail for the duration of the protests. At the same protest, the police made a point of arresting anybody with a cell phone to impede the organization of the protest. Many protesters have been prevented from crossing borders for the purpose of joining a protest, either because their names matched a list of known protesters or because of their appearance. In the UK, a coach heading to a rally was turned back and escorted back to London — a police operation later found to be illegal by the courts. John Sellers is a Philadelphia activist and trainer for the Ruckus Society. ... An organization that sponsors skill-sharing and direct action training camps, which specializes in environmental activism and Guerrilla communication. ...

At the site of some of the protests, police have used tear gas and pepper spray, concussion grenades, rubber and wooden bullets, night sticks, water cannons, dogs, horses, and occasionally live ammunition to repel the protesters. In Quebec City, municipal officials built a ten-foot-high wall around the portion of the city where the Summit of the Americas was being held, which only residents, delegates to the summit, and certain accredited journalists were allowed inside. Although police claimed that violent elements in the protesters required a firm response, they allegedly fired tear gas and rubber bullets indiscriminately, dispersing peaceful assemblies and even teams of medics assisting the wounded. It is claimed they also gassed areas not involved in the protests, firing off the mountaintop where the confrontations were taking place into the city below. The medical centre and independent media centre were evacuated by police at gunpoint. Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (Gift of God shall make prosper) Area: 547. ... The Summit of the Americas held in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, on the weekend of April 20, 2001, was a round of negotiations regarding a proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas. ...

Genoa

Main article: Genoa Group of Eight Summit protest Protestors on the Streets The Genoa Group of Eight Summit protest, from July 18 to July 22, 2001, was one of the most dramatic protests in Western Europes recent history, drawing some 300,000 demonstrators and resulting in the death of at least one activist. ...

The Genoa Group of Eight Summit protest from July 18 to July 22, 2001 was one of the bloodiest protests in Western Europe's recent history, as evidenced by the death of a young citizen of Genoa named Carlo Giuliani during the demonstration and hospitalisation of several demonstrators. Police have subsequently been accused of brutality, torture and interference with non-violent protests. Several hundred demonstrators and police were injured and hundreds were arrested during the days surrounding the G8 meeting; most of those arrested have been charged with some form of "criminal association" under Italy's anti-mafia and anti-terrorist laws. As part of the continuing investigations, police raids of social centers, media centers, union buildings, and law offices have continued across Italy since the G8 summit in Genoa. Many police officers or responsible authorities present in Genoa during the G8 summit, are currently under investigation by the Italian judges, and some of them resigned. Some have since admitted to planting Molotov cocktails in order to justify the Diaz School raids, as well as faking the stabbing of a police officer to frame activists [3]. Protestors on the Streets The Genoa Group of Eight Summit protest, from July 18 to July 22, 2001, was one of the most dramatic protests in Western Europes recent history, drawing some 300,000 demonstrators and resulting in the death of at least one activist. ... July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 166 days remaining. ... July 22 is the 203rd day (204th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 162 days remaining. ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Carlo Giuliani Carlo Giuliani, a 23-year-old Italian activist and poet, was killed during the demonstrations against the Group of Eight summit that was held in Genoa, Italy from July 19 to July 21, 2001. ... The Mafia, also referred to as La Cosa Nostra (Italian, variously translated as This Thing Of Ours or Our Thing), is the collective name of various secret organizations in Italy, Sicily, Corsica and the United States. ... Terrorism is a controversial term with multiple definitions. ...

International Social Forums

See main articles: World Social Forum European Social Forum, the Asian Social Forum. Noam Chomsky at World Social Forum 2003. ... The European Social Forum (ESF) is an annual meeting held by members of the anti-globalization movement (also known as the Global Justice Movement). ... The Asian Social Forum will be held from 2-7 January 2003 in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. ...

The main appointment of antiglobalization militants has become the World Social Forum (WSF). The first WSF was an initiative of the administration of Porto Alegre in Brazil. The slogan of the World Social Forum was "Another World Is Possible". It was here that the WSF's Charter of Principles was adopted to provide a framework for the forums. Noam Chomsky at World Social Forum 2003. ... Public Market of Porto Alegre located in the centre of the city. ...

The WSF became an periodic meeting: in 2002 and 2003 it was held again in Porto Alegre and became a rallying point for worldwide protest against the American invasion of Iraq. In 2004 it was moved to Mumbai (former known as Bombay, in India), to make it more accessible to the populations of Asia and Africa. This last appointment saw the participation of 75,000 delegates. The Gateway of India is the citys most recognisable landmark, visited by thousands daily. ...

In the meantime, regional forums took place following the exemple of the WSF, adopting its Charter of Principles. The first European Social Forum (ESF) was held in November 2002 in Florence. The slogan was "Against the war, against racism and against neo-liberalism". It saw the participation of 60,000 delegates and ended with a huge demonstration against the war (1,000,000 people according to the organizers). The other two ESFs took place in Paris and London, in 2003 and 2004 respectively. The European Social Forum (ESF) is an annual meeting held by members of the anti-globalization movement (also known as the Global Justice Movement). ... Location within Italy Giglio di Firenze - symbol of the city Florence (Italian, Firenze) is a city in the center of Tuscany, in central Italy at 43°46′ N 11°15′ E. The city on the Arno River has a population of around 400,000, plus a suburban population in excess...

Recently there has been some discussion behind the movement about the role of the Social Forums. Some see them as a "Popular University", an occasion to make many people aware of the problems of globalization. Others would prefer that delegates concentrate their efforts on the coordination and organization of the movement and on the planning of new campaigns.

Influence on the developing world

Some people claim that the major mobilizations have taken place mainly in the developed world, where there are strong traditions of free speech, police restraint, civil rights, and the rule of law. In these countries, one of the objectives is to demonstrate that the protesters self-govern better than they could ever be controlled by violent force: on March 15 2002 in Barcelona, 250,000 people "rioted" for days with apparently no serious injury to individuals on either side — far fewer casualties than would be expected in a typical European soccer riot, for example. There was, however, much damage to private and public property — which is, arguably, unnecessary in public protest. Freedom of speech is the right to freely say what one pleases, as well as the related right to hear what others have stated. ... Civil rights or positive rights are those legal rights retained by citizens and protected by the government. ... The rule of law implies that government authority may only be exercised in accordance with written laws, which were adopted through an established procedure. ... March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (75th in Leap years). ... Barcelona within Barcelonès Population (2003) 1,582,738 Area 1004 Km2 Population density (2001) 15,764/Km2 Barcelona is the capital of Catalonia, Spain, a region in northeastern Spain (41°23′ N 2°11′ E). ... Ultras at FC Twente - SC Heerenveen in 2002 Hooliganism is unruly and destructive behaviour, usually by gangs of young people. ...

In Argentina, during the 2001/2002 economic crisis, millions of ordinary citizens took to the streets for days with similar results to the Barcelona protests, forcing several changes in the federal government. On the 19th and 20th December 2001, riots in Buenos Aires and some other large cities forced the resignation of then-president Fernando de la Rúa, though over 32 demonstrators were killed. At the same time and also during 2002, thousands of middle-class people marched against financial institutions and foreign companies banging pots and pans (this was promptly termed cacerolazo), protesting against the freezing of their bank accounts in the so-called corralito. In the months that followed, Argentinians developed some alternative neighborhood-based economic systems, social structures and local systems of autonomous self-government. A popular slogan within the uprising was, ¡Que se vayan todos! ("Everybody out [of the government]!"), indicating protesters' frustration not only with corruption in government but with the entire governmental structure. The Argentine economic crisis was part of the situation that affected Argentinas economy during the late 1990s and early 2000s. ... The December 2001 riots took place on December 20 and December 21, 2001, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. ... Fernando de la Rúa Fernando de la Rúa Fernando de la Rúa Bruno (born September 15, 1937) is an Argentine politician. ... The middle class (or middle classes) comprises a social group once defined by exception as an intermediate social class between the nobility and the peasantry. ... Cacerolazo is the name of a popular form of protest that consists in a group of people creating noise by banging pots, pans and other utensils in order to call for attention. ... Corralito was the informal name for the economic measures taken in Argentina during 2001 by economy minister Domingo Cavallo in order to stop the draining of bank accounts. ...

In India, the views of Vandana Shiva, Amartya Sen and Arundhati Roy are very popular, effectively enjoying full celebrity status. The acceptance and interest in their ideas and in the methods of Mohandas Gandhi are forming a major and specific challenge to both Hindu and Muslim fundamentalism. The three have also had a substantial impact on views within the "anti-globalization" movement. Vandana Shiva (born 1952) is a physicist, philosopher, ecofeminist, environmental activist and writer. ... Amartya Sen Amartya Kumar Sen (अमर्त्‍य कुमार सेन) (born November 3, 1933) is an Indian (Bengali) economist best known for his work on famine, human development theory, welfare economics, and the underlying mechanisms of poverty. ... Arundhati Roy (born November 24, 1961) is an Indian novelist and peace activist. ... Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) (Devanagari: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी), called Mahatma Gandhi, was the charismatic leader who brought the cause of Indias independence from British colonial rule to world attention. ... Hindutva (Hinduness, a word coined by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in his 1923 pamphlet entitled Hindutva: Who is a Hindu? ) is used to describe movements advocating Hindu nationalism. ... The phrase Islamic fundamentalism is primarily used in the West to describe Islamist groups. ...

Criticisms

The anti-globalization movement has been heavily criticized on many fronts by politicians, members of conservative think tanks, mainstream economists, and other supporters of capitalist globalization. Participants in the movement often dismiss these criticisms as carping from a tiny minority who can express their opinions via what they call the corporate media. They claim that the criticisms themselves are self-serving and unrepresentative of informed popular opinion. Conservatism or political conservatism is any of several historically related political philosophies or political ideologies. ... This article is about the institution. ... Economists are scholars conducting research in the field of economics. ... Corporate media is a term used by media critics in United States political discourse which implies that the mainstream media is controlled by large multinational corporations. ...

One of the most common criticisms of the movement, which does not necessarily come from its enemies, is simply that the anti-globalization movement lacks coherent goals, and that the views of different protesters are often in opposition to each other. Many members of the movement are also aware of this, and argue that, as long as they have a common enemy, they should march together - even if they don't share exactly the same political vision.

One argument often made by the opponents of the anti-globalization movement (especially by The Economist), is that one of the major causes of poverty amongst third-world farmers are the trade barriers put up by rich nations. The WTO is an organisation set up to work towards removing those trade barriers. Therefore, it is argued, people really concerned about the plight of the third world should actually be encouraging free trade, rather than attempting to fight it. Further in this vein, it is argued that the protesters' opposition to free trade is sometimes aimed at protecting the interests of Western labor (whose wages and conditions are protected by trade barriers) rather than the interests of the developing world. This contrasts with the stated goals of those in the movement, which are to improve the conditions of ordinary farmers and workers everywhere. Front cover of UK edition, May 7, 2005 The Economist is a market liberal weekly news and international affairs publication of The Economist Newspaper Limited in London. ...

Anti-globalization activists counter these claims by arguing that free trade policies create an environment for workers similar to the prisoner's dilemma, in which workers in different countries are tempted to "defect" or "betray" other workers by undercutting standards on wages and work conditions. Therefore, the anti-globalization movement supports a strategy of cooperation for mutual benefit, and argues for fair trade - which is specifically aimed to provide third-world farmers with better terms of trade. Will the two prisoners cooperate to minimise total loss of liberty or will one of them, trusting the other to cooperate, betray him so as to go free? The prisoners dilemma is a type of non-zero-sum game (game in the sense of Game Theory). ... The fair trade movement, also known as the trade justice movement, promotes the use of labour, environmental and social standards for the production of commodities, particularly those exported from the Third World and Second World to the First World. ...

Another criticism against the movement is that, although it protests about things that are widely recognized as serious problems, such as human rights violations, genocide and global warming, it rarely proposes detailed solutions, or it proposes solutions that have been tried and shown to be faulty in the past (e.g. see the debate between Michael Albert, Marvin Mandell and Barry Finger [4]). However, proponents of the movement point to the existence of web resources like the Philadelphia IMC alternatives site [5] and the annual World Social Fora where numerous solutions are proposed and debated and empirical data on social experiments are exchanged. When a government violates national or international law related to the protection of human rights, this is termed a human rights violation. ... Look up Genocide in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Genocide has been defined as the deliberate killing of people based on their ethnicity, nationality, race, religion, or (sometimes) politics, as well as other deliberate action(s)leading to the physical elimination of any of the above categories. ... Global mean surface temperatures 1856-2004 Global warming is a term used to describe an increase over time of the average temperature of Earths atmosphere and oceans. ... Categories: Stub | 1947 births | 20th Century philosophers | U.S. philosophers ... Noam Chomsky at World Social Forum 2003. ...

Some have also criticized the movement's claim to be non-violent. Aside from the indisputably violent tactics used by a minority of protesters (possibly aggravated by the police), some see an enforced blockade of events and public throughways as a violent action, in and of itself. Many protesters counter that blockades are a time-honored technique of civil disobedience, and that the organizations they are protesting against are themselves guilty of crimes.

The motivations of the organisers of the protests are often questioned. Some believe that the key organisers are really communists who aim to start a revolution. The counter-argument to this is that the movement has a very horizontal power structure, so that the power of any key organisers is limited, and that if we've reached the point where violent revolution can be considered a real possibility, then it is a clear sign that something must be very wrong with our current system.

Finally, critics argue that the anti-globalization movement uses anecdotal evidence to support their view and that worldwide statistics instead support globalization and capitalism. One effect being that the percentage of people in developing countries living below $1 (adjusted for inflation and purchasing power) per day have halved in only twenty years [6], although some critics argue that more detailed variables measuring poverty should instead be studied [7]. Supporters then note that life expectancy has almost doubled in the developing world since WWII and is starting to close the gap to the developed world where the improvement has been smaller. Child mortality has decreased in every developing region of the world [8]. Income inequality for the world as a whole is diminishing [9]. Worldwide, the proportion of the world's population living in countries where per capita food supplies are under 2,200 [calories per day] was 56 percent in the mid-1960s, compared to below 10 percent by the 1990s. There are similar trends for electric power, cars, radios, and telephones per capita as well as the percentage of the population with access to clean water. [10]. Anecdotal evidence is evidence stemming from a single, often unreliable source which is used in an argument as if it had been scientifically or statistically proven. ...

Supporters of capitalism cite research which demonstrates a correlation between economic freedom and well-being. There are two Indices of Economic Freedom used in economic research. Both attempt to measure of the degree of economic freedom in countries, mostly in regard to lack of governmental intervention in the economy, free trade, and strength of private property rights. They use statistics from independent organizations like the United Nations to score countries in various categories like the size of government, degree of taxes, security of property rights, degree of free trade and size of market regulations. Many peer-reviewed papers have been published using this material on the relationship between capitalism and for example poverty [11]. The more advanced capitalist countries have much higher average income per person, higher income of the poorest 10%, higher life-expectancy, higher literacy, lower infant mortality, higher access to water sources and less corruption. The share of income in percent going to the poorest 10% is the same for both more and less capitalistic countries. [12]. Other studies have shown similar results [13][14]. The Index of Economic Freedom is an annual report published by The Wall Street Journal and the Heritage Foundation. ... The United Nations, or UN, is an international organization established in 1945 and now made up of 191 states. ...

Many supporters of capitalism do think that different policies than today should be pursued, although not necessarily those advocated by the anti-globalization movement. For example, some are critical of the policies of the World bank and the IMF who are seen as corrupt bureaucracies who have given repeated loans to dictators who never do any reforms. Some argue that free trade may be harmful in certain instances or that spending on education and basic health care may be very important. Some like Hernando de Soto, argue that the most important thing for the developing world may be too develop the institutions of capitalism, like protecting the property rights and access to credit for the poor. Hernando de Soto (born 1941 in Arequipa) is a Peruvian economist known for his work on the informal economy. ...

Anti-Semitism

Main article: Anti-globalization and Anti-Semitism Critics of the anti-globalization movement have expressed concern over what they see as the rising acceptance of anti-Semitism within the movement. ...

Some commentators have claimed that anti-Semitism is rife in the movement. These charges are generally related to the fact that solidarity with Palestinians and criticism of Israeli government policy are common within the movement. People such as Noam Chomsky, Naomi Klein and Jewish Voice for Peace have argued that this is not necessarily indicative of anti-Semitism. The Palestinian flag, adopted in 1948, is a widely recognized modern symbol of the Palestinian people. ... Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an Institute Professor Emeritus of linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and creator of the Chomsky hierarchy, a classification of formal languages. ... Naomi Klein (born 1970) is a Canadian journalist, author and activist. ... Jewish Voice for Peace is an American Jewish campaigning organisation that seeks to influence American public opinion and policy on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ...

Mobilizations

Note that the start of this timeline only reflects the start of major American mobilizations; international anti-corporate globalization mobilizations occurred prior to Seattle.

• November 30, 1999 – Seattle, WTO Third Ministerial conference

• April 16, 2000 – Washington, DC, IMF
• May 1, 2000 – Global, May Day protests
• July 29, 2000 – Philadelphia, Republican National Convention
• August 11, 2000 – Los Angeles, USA, Democratic National Convention
• September 11, 2000 – Melbourne, World Economic Forum
• September 26, 2000 – Prague, Czech Republic, World Bank/IMF
• November 20, 2000 – Montreal, Quebec, G20 meeting

• January 20, 2001 – Washington, DC, Bush inauguration
• January 27, 2001 – Davos, Switzerland, World Economic Forum
• April 20, 2001 – Quebec City, Canada, Summit of the Americas (FTAA)
• June 15, 2001 – Gothenburg, Sweden EU Summit
• July 20, 2001 – Genoa, Italy G8 Summit
• September 29, 2001 – Washington, DC, Anti-capitalist anti-war protests

• February 1, 2002 – New York City, USA / Porto Alegre, Brazil World Economic Forum / World Social Forum
• March 15, 2002 – Barcelona, Spain EU Summit
• April 20, 2002 – Washington, DC (War on Terrorism)
• November 4 to November 10 – Florence, Italy, First European Social Forum
• June 26, 2002 – Calgary, Alberta, and Ottawa, Ontario, G8 summit at Kananaskis, Alberta J26 G8 Protests
• September 27, 2002 – Washington, DC, IMF/World Bank

• weekend of February 15, 2003, March, April – Global protests against war on Iraq about 12 million antiwar protesters
• July 28, 2003 – Montreal, Quebec
• September 14, 2003 – Cancún, Mexico – Fifth Ministerial of the WTO collapses [15]
• October, 2003 – regional WEF meeting in Dublin, European Competitiveness Summit, cancelled [16]
• November 20, 2003 – Miami Mobilzation against the Free Trade Area of the Americas FTAA

November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 31 days remaining, as the final day of November. ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday of the Common Era, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Seattle skyline City nickname: The Emerald City Location of Seattle in King County and Washington State County King Mayor Greg Nickels (NP) Area   â€“Land   â€“Water 369. ... On November 30, 1999, the World Trade Organization convened in Seattle, Washington, USA, for what was to be the launch of a new millennial round of trade negotiations. ... April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). ... 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... July 29 is the 210th day (211th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 155 days remaining. ... 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Independence Hall Philadelphia (sometimes referred to as Philly or the City of Brotherly Love) is the fifth most populous city in the United States and the most populous city in the state of Pennsylvania, occupying all of Philadelphia County. ... August 11 is the 223rd day of the year (224th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Griffith Observatory and the Downtown Los Angeles skyline. ... September 11 is the 254th day of the year (255th in leap years). ... 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The City of Melbournes coat of arms The central business district of Melbourne, viewed from the north Alternate meanings: Melbourne (disambiguation) Melbourne is the capital and largest city of the state of Victoria, and the second largest city in Australia, with a population of 52,117 in the Central... The World Economic Forum (WEF) is a Geneva-based foundation whose Annual Meeting of chief executives of the worlds richest corporations, some national political leaders (presidents, prime ministers and others), and selected intellectuals and journalists, about 2000 people in all, is usually held in Davos, Switzerland. ... September 26 is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 96 days remaining. ... 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Prague (Praha in Czech) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. ... The IMF and World Bank meet each autumn in what is officially known as the Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group and each spring in the Spring Meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2000 is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... {{Canadian City/Disable Field={{{Disable Motto Link}}}}} Motto: Concordia Salus (Salvation through harmony) Ville de Montréal, Québec, Canada Location. ... ... The G20 (Group of 20, also variously G21, G22 and G20+) is a bloc of developing nations established on 20 August 2003. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... January 27 is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Davos viewed from air Davos (population 13,000) is a town in eastern Switzerland, in the canton of Graubünden, on the Landwasser River. ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: Don de Dieu feray valoir (Gift of God shall make prosper) Area: 547. ... June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Gothenburg (Swedish: Göteborg  listen ) is a city and a municipality on the western coast of Sweden, in the County of Västra Götaland. ... July 20 is the 201st day (202nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 164 days remaining. ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Alternate uses, see Genoa (disambiguation). ... September 29 is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years). ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... February 1 is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ... Public Market of Porto Alegre located in the centre of the city. ... Noam Chomsky at World Social Forum 2003. ... March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (75th in Leap years). ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Barcelona within Barcelonès Population (2003) 1,582,738 Area 1004 Km2 Population density (2001) 15,764/Km2 Barcelona is the capital of Catalonia, Spain, a region in northeastern Spain (41°23′ N 2°11′ E). ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... The war on terrorism or war on terror (abbreviated in U.S. policy circles as GWOT for Global War on Terror) is an effort by the governments of the United States and its principal allies to destroy groups deemed to be terrorist (primarily radical Islamist organizations such as al-Qaeda... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 57 days remaining. ... November 10 is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 51 days remaining. ... Location within Italy Giglio di Firenze - symbol of the city Florence (Italian, Firenze) is a city in the center of Tuscany, in central Italy at 43°46′ N 11°15′ E. The city on the Arno River has a population of around 400,000, plus a suburban population in excess... The European Social Forum (ESF) is an annual meeting held by members of the anti-globalization movement (also known as the Global Justice Movement). ... June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... {{Canadian City/Disable Field={{{Disable Motto Link}}}}} Motto: Heart of the new west City of Calgary, Alberta, Canada Location. ... This article is about the capital city of Canada. ... J26 was a smaller-size convergence in what is commonly called the anti-globalization movement. ... September 27 is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 95 days remaining. ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... The IMF and World Bank meet each autumn in what is officially known as the Annual Meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group and each spring in the Spring Meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Thousands of small and large global protests against war in general, the U.S. plan to invade Iraq and the war itself were held from 2002 to 2005. ... July 28 is the 209th day (210th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 156 days remaining. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article needs cleanup. ... September 14 is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years). ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Cancún is a coastal city in Mexicos easternmost state, Quintana Roo. ... The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization which oversees a large number of agreements defining the rules of trade between its member states (WTO, 2004a). ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The World Economic Forum (WEF) is a Geneva-based foundation whose Annual Meeting of chief executives of the worlds richest corporations, some national political leaders (presidents, prime ministers and others), and selected intellectuals and journalists, about 2000 people in all, is usually held in Davos, Switzerland. ... Dublin (Irish: Baile Átha Cliath1),is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Ireland, located2 near the midpoint of Irelands east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and at the centre of the Dublin region3. ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the city in Florida. ... The Free Trade Area of the Americas or FTAA (in Spanish: Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas, ALCA; in French: Zone de libre-échange des Amériques, ZLEA; in Portuguese: Área de Livre Comércio das Américas, ALCA) is a proposed agreement to eliminate or reduce trade...

See also

• Globalization
• ATTAC
• Anarchism
• Consensus democracy
• Corporatism
• Corporatocracy
• Direct democracy
• Fair trade
• List of conservation topics
• Naomi Klein
• No Border network
• Zapatista Army of National Liberation

Globalization (or globalisation) is a term used to describe the changes in societies and the world economy that are the result of dramatically increased trade and cultural exchange. ... Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions for the Aid of Citizens (ATTAC - Association pour la Taxation des Transactions pour lAide aux Citoyens) is an activist organization for the establishment of a tax on exchange transactions. ... This article describes a range of political philosophies that oppose the state and capitalism. ... Consensus democracy is the application of consensus decision making to the process of legislation. ... The term corporatism has different meanings in different contexts. ... Corporatocracy (sometimes Corporocracy) is a term coined by proponents of the global justice movement to describe a government bowing to pressure from corporate entities. ... Direct democracy comprises a form of democracy and theory of civics wherein all citizens can directly participate in the political decision-making process. ... The fair trade movement, also known as the trade justice movement, promotes the use of labour, environmental and social standards for the production of commodities, particularly those exported from the Third World and Second World to the First World. ... The list of conservation topics is a link page for the conservation of both the natural environment and the built environment. ... Naomi Klein (born 1970) is a Canadian journalist, author and activist. ... The No Border Network is a loose association of autonomous organizations, groups, and individuals in Europe who resist human migration control by coordinating international border camps, demonstrations, direct actions, and anti-deportation campaigns. ... The Zapatista Army of National Liberation (Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional, EZLN) is an armed revolutionary group based in Chiapas, one of the poorest states of Mexico. ...

Opponents of global corporatization

• CorpWatch
• POCLAD
• ReclaimDemocracy.org
• John Birch Society
• National Rifle Association

CorpWatch (formerly: TRAC Transnational Resource & Action Center) is a globalization-critical organization based in San Francisco, California, USA. The group advocates democracy, environmentalism, human rights and other characteristics of responsible free capitalism. ... The Program on Corporations, Law, and Democracy (POCLAD) is an activist collective of a dozen-or-so members, who research the history of corporations in the United States. ... ReclaimDemocracy. ... The John Birch Society (JBS) is an ultra-conservative membership-based organization in the United States which was originally founded in 1958 by Robert W. Welch Jr to oppose communism and collectivism. ... The National Rifle Association, or NRA, is a highly organized group for gun promotion in the United States. ...

Opponents of anti-globalization (pro-globalists)

• Democratic globalization

Democratic globalization is a movement towards an institutional system that expands globalization by giving world citizens a say in world organizations. ...

External links

• The Scorecard on Globalization: 20 Years of Diminished Progress (Center for Economic and Policy Research)
• About Globalization
• Anti-Capitalist Convergence-DC
• Canadian Security Intelligence Service Assessment (CSIS)
• Center for Economic and Policy Research
• Civilocracy Equality and Democracy in Global Democracy
• Focus on the Global South
• The Free Trade Area of the Americas
• FTAA Resistance
• Global Exchange
• Globalise Resistance
• GreeNet
• Independent Media Center
• Infoshop.org — Anarchist news and info resource
• International Forum on Globalization
• International Monetary Fund
• Landless Workers' Movement
• Mobilization for Global Justice
• Nodo50
• Our World Is Not For Sale
• Peoples' Global Action
• Resistance 2004
• ROAD Collective Ontario Anarchist Resource
• Stop FTAA
• United for Peace and Justice
• World Bank Group
• World Economic Forum
• World Social Forum 2004
• World Trade Organization
• Labour and Social Justice Election Initiative Germany
• ZNet global economics site — are the alternatives practical and ethical?
• GoneWithTheWorld — Globalization's impact on the workforce, especially white-collar work.
• Volkz.Net — Free music videos (Socially involved)