Antimony trioxide
General
Other names	Antimony(III) oxide Antimony sesquioxide Antimonous oxide
Molecular formula	Sb2O3
Molar mass	291.52 g/mol
Appearance	white solid
CAS number	[1309-64-4]
Properties
Density and phase	5.2 g/cm3, α-form
Solubility in water	1.4 mg/100 ml (30 °C)
Melting point	656 °C
Boiling point	1425 °C
Acidity (pKa)	?
Basicity (pKb)	?
Structure
Coordination geometry	?
Crystal structure	cubic (α) <570 °C orthorhombic (β) >570 °C
Dipole moment	zero
Thermodynamic data
Std enthalpy of formation ΔfHo298	? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy So298	? J·K−1·mol−1
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
EU classification	Harmful (Xn) Carc. Cat. 3
R-phrases	R40
S-phrases	S2, S22, S36/37
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Related compounds
Other anions	Antimony trisulfide
Other cations	Arsenic trioxide Bismuth trioxide
Related compounds	Diantimony tetraoxide Antimony pentoxide
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Antimony trioxide is the most important commercial compound of antimony. Image File history File links Antimony_trioxide. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a chemical element or chemical compound. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ... Water has the chemical formula H2O, meaning that one molecule of water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change its state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid. ... In chemistry and biochemistry, acid dissociation constant, the acidity constant, or the acid-ionization constant (Ka) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that indicates the extent of dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid. ... In chemistry and biochemistry, acid dissociation constant, the acidity constant, or the acid-ionization constant (Ka) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that indicates the extent of dissociation of hydrogen ions from an acid. ... The coordination geometry of an atom is the geometrical pattern formed by its neighbors in a molecule or a crystal. ... Rose des Sables (Sand Rose), formed of gypsum crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ... Cubic can mean several things: cubic polynomial, a polynomial with a degree of at most three. ... In crystallography, the orthorhombic crystal system is one of the 7 lattice point groups. ... The Earths magnetic field, which is approximately a dipole. ... The standard enthalpy of formation or standard heat of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states (the most stable form of the element at 1 atmosphere... In chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the entropy content of one mole of substance, under conditions of standard temperature and pressure. ... A material safety data sheet or MSDS is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance. ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on antimony trioxide. ... Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labelling of dangerous substances (as amended) is the main source of European Union law concerning chemical safety. ... R-phrases are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous substances and preparations. ... S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on antimony trioxide. ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on antimony trioxide. ... The refractive index of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of electromagnetic radiation is slowed relative to vacuum. ... The dielectric constant εr (represented as or K in some cases) is defined as the ratio: where εs is the static permittivity of the material in question, and ε0 is the vacuum permittivity. ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on antimony trioxide. ... This page provides supplementary chemical data on antimony trioxide. ... Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy or Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry (UV/ VIS) involves the spectroscopy of photons (spectrophotometry). ... IR spectrum of a thin film of liquid ethanol. ... Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy most commonly known as NMR Spectroscopy is the name given to the technique which exploits the magnetic properties of nuclei. ... Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique to measure the mass-to-charge ratio (m/q) of ions. ... // An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a net electric charge. ... Stibnite, sometimes also called antimonite, is a sulfide mineral. ... // An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a net electric charge. ... R-phrases , , , S-phrases , , , Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals) and 25 degrees Celsius (298. ... General Name, Symbol, Number antimony, Sb, 51 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 15, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous grey Atomic mass 121. ...

Preparation

• Burning elemental antimony in air
• Roasting antimonide minerals (main industrial route)

Antimonides are compounds of antimony with more electropositive elements. ...

Chemical properties

Antimony trioxide is an amphoteric oxide, dissolving in alkaline solution to give antimonites and in acid solution to given a range of polyantimonous acids. It can be readily oxidized to antimony pentoxide or other antimony(V) compounds, but is also easily reduced to antimony, sometimes with production of stibine. The antimonite ion is H2SbO3-, or similar. ... Stibine is a colourless gas formed by the reaction of certain antimony compounds with water or reducing agents. ...

Uses

The annual consumption of antimony trioxide in the United States is approximately 10000 tonnes. A tonne (symbol t), sometimes referred to as a metric tonne, is a measurement of weight. ...

• Flame retardant for textiles and polymers
• Opacifying agent for glasses, ceramics and enamels
• Pigment

This article refers to the material. ... Fixed Partial Denture, or Bridge The word ceramic is derived from the Greek word κεραμικος (keramikos, having to do with pottery). The term covers inorganic non-metallic materials whose formation is due to the action of heat. ... The word enamel can mean more than one thing: Tooth enamel Vitreous enamel Enamel (markup language) Enameled wire This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... In biology, pigment is any material resulting in color in plant or animal cells which is the result of selective absorption. ...

Toxicology

Antimony trioxide is only weakly absorbed by the digestive system, and the main route of exposure is by inhalation of the dust. The elimination of antimony from the body is slow, leading to a risk of chronic toxicity. Acute poisoning is rare, and the signs are fairly non-characteristic (vomiting, abdominal pain, irritation of the mucous membranes, diarrhea, cardiac irregularities).

Chronic poisoning by antimony trioxide is sometimes found in exposed workers. The main signs are irritation of the respiratory tract and of the skin and a characteristic pneumoconosis which is visible on chest X-rays.

Antimony trioxide is known to pass into breast milk and to transverse the placenta. Exposed female worker have a higher incidence than usual of menstrual problems and of late-term miscarriages; their children develop slower than usual during the first twelve months of life.

Bibliography

Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (INRS), Fiche toxicologique nº 198 : Trioxyde de diantimoine, 1992.

External links

• International Chemical Safety Card 0012
• European Chemicals Bureau

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