Antiochus IV was made king of Kommagene by Caligula, who even enlarged his territory but then deposed him almost immediately. Restored by Claudius in 41, he reigned until 72 as an ally of Rome against Parthia. That year he was deposed on suspicion of treason and retired to Rome. His sons Epiphanes and Callinicus fled to Parthia after a brief encounter with Roman troups. Kommagene (Latin Commagene) was a small kingdom, located in modern south-central Turkey, with its capital at Samosata (modern Samsat, near the Euphrates). ... Gaius Caesar Germanicus Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus ( August 31, 12 – January 24, 41), also known as Gaius Caesar or Caligula, was the third Roman emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from AD 37 to 41. ... Emperor Claudius Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar Drusus (August 1, 10 BC _ October 13, 54), originally known as Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus, was the fourth Roman Emperor of the Julio_Claudian dynasty, ruling from January 24th 41 to his death in 54. ... Reproduction of a Parthian warrior as depicted on Trajans Column The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Origins Bust of Parthian soldier, Esgh-abad Museum, Turkmenia. ... Reproduction of a Parthian warrior as depicted on Trajans Column The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Origins Bust of Parthian soldier, Esgh-abad Museum, Turkmenia. ...
Several of his coins are extant, and their die-marks prove he did rule large parts of Cappadocia and Cilicia as well as Commagene proper. The reasons for providing a client-king with such vast resources remain unclear; it was perhaps a stroke of Caligula's well-attested eccentricity. Antiochus IV called himself "Great King" on his coins, a testament to his political ambitions which no doubt played a part in his downfall. He was the last royal descendant of Seleucus I. Cappadocia in 188 BC In ancient geography, Cappadocia was an extensive inland district of Asia Minor (modern Turkey). ... In ancient geography, Cilicia (Ki-LIK-ya) formed a district on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey), north of Cyprus. ... Seleucus I (surnamed for later generations Nicator, in Greek:Σέλευκος Νικάτωρ) (c. ...
Antiochus said he would discuss it with his council, whereupon the envoy drew a line round him in the sand, and said, "Think about it here." The implication was that, were he to step out of the circle without having first undertaken to withdraw, he would be at war with Rome.
The reign of Antiochus was a last period of strength for the empire, but in some way it was fatal; since he was an usurper, and left his infant son Antiochus V Eupator as his successor, devastating dynastic wars followed his death.
The Deaths of Antiochus, Razias, and Nicanor, by Bede
He was a son of Antiochus the Great, and, after the murder of his brother Seleucus, took possession of the Syrian throne which rightly belonged to his nephew Demetrius.
Antiochus had no wish to Hellenize his conquered subjects, but to denationalize them entirely; his Aramean subjects were far from becoming Hellenes simply because they had surrendered their name and some of their Semitic gods.
Antiochus realized that a serious attempt must be made to put down the rising, but was himself too busily occupied against the Parthians to take personal charge.
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