Gregory VIII (d. Salerno, 1137) culminated a political career as antipope from March 10, 1118 to April 22, 1121. Events Louis VII is crowned King of France. ... Antipope Felix V, the last historical Antipope. ... March 10 is the 69th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (70th in Leap years). ... Events Knights Templar founded Baldwin of Le Bourg succeeds his cousin Baldwin I as king of Jerusalem John II Comnenus succeeds Alexius I as Byzantine emperor Gelasius II succeeds Paschal II as pope Births December 21 - Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury Taira no Kiyomori, Japanese general Deaths January 21 - Pope... April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... Events Concordat of Worms condemns Pierre Abélards writings on the Holy Trinity. ...

He was born Mauritius Burchinus (Maurice Bourdin) in the Limousin, part of Aquitaine. He was educated at Cluny, at Limoges, and in Castile, where he was a deacon at Toledo. In 1098/1099 his Cluniac connections recommended him as Bishop of Coimbra. After a four year pilgrimage to the Holy Land, he was made Archbishop of Braga in 1111. There he was one of the principal agents of the Burgundian Henry, Count of Portugal, in his reorganization of the Portuguese church. Capital Limoges Area 16,942 km² Regional President Jean-Paul Denanot Population  - 2004 estimate  - 1999 census  - Density 710,939 42/km² Arrondissements 8 Cantons 106 Communes 747 Départements Corrèze Creuse Haute-Vienne Limousin is a former province of France and now a region of France, around the city... Capital Bordeaux Area 41,309 km² Regional President Alain Rousset ( PS) (since 1998) Population   - 2004 estimate   - 1999 census   - Density (Ranked 6th) 3,049,000 2,908,359 74/km² (2004) Arrondissements 18 Cantons 235 Communes 2,296 Départements Dordogne Gironde Landes Lot-et-Garonne Pyrénées-Atlantiques Aquitaine... Cluny nowadays The town of Cluny or Clugny lies in the modern-day département of Saône-et-Loire in the région of France, near Mâcon. ... Location within France Limoges (Limòtges in Occitan) is a city and commune in France, the préfecture of the Haute-Vienne département, and the administrative capital of the Limousin région. ... A former kingdom of Spain, Castile comprises the two regions of Old Castile in north-western Spain, and New Castile in the centre of the country. ... The façade of Toledo cathedral Toledo is a city located in central Spain, the capital of the province of Toledo and of the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha. ... Events First Crusade: end of the siege of Antioch. ... Events Siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade: July 8 - 15,000 starving Christian soldiers march around Jerusalem as its Muslim defenders mock them. ... A bishop is an ordained member of the Christian clergy who, in certain Christian churches, holds a position of authority. ... Coimbra is a city and the capital of the district of Coimbra in Portugal. ... The phrase The Holy Land (Arabic الأرض المقدسة al-Arḍ ul-Muqaddasah; Hebrew ארץ הקודש;, Standard Hebrew Éreẓ haQodeÅ¡, Tiberian Hebrew ʾÉreá¹£ haqQāḏēš; Latin Terra Sancta) generally refers to Palestine. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop heading a diocese of particular importance due to either its size, history, or both, called an archdiocese. ... Braga is a city in northwestern Portugal, in the province of Minho. ... Events The Synod of Rathbreasail marked the transition of the Irish church from a monastic to a diocesan one Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Paschal II Baldwin VII becomes Count of Flanders Births Deaths March 3 - Bohemund I, prince of Antioch Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Muhammad... Burgundian is either of the following; An extinct language of the Germanic language group spoken by the Burgundians. ... Henry of Burgundy (1066 - 1112) was Count of Portugal from 1093 to his death. ...

Portugal was then a fief of Castile, and the ambitious Count Henry pursued a vigorous program of ecclesiastical and political autonomy. By 1114, Mauritius had become embroiled in a dispute with the Spanish primate and papal legate in Castile, Bernard of Toledo, to the extent that he was called to Rome and suspended by Pope Paschal II. Nevertheless, he found favor at the papal court, and in 1116, when Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor invaded Italy during the ongoing confrontations over the Emperor's rights of investiture of clerics, Paschal II sent Mauritius on an embassy to him, while the Pope and the Curia fled south to Benevento. Mauritius defected to the Emperor's side. Henry went to Rome, and on Easter Sunday, March 23, 1117, was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Mauritius. Paschal deposed and excommunicated Henry and removed Mauritius from office. Under the system of feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud or fee, consisted of heritable lands or revenue-producing property granted by a liege lord in return for a vassal knights service (usually fealty, military service, and security). ... Events January 7 - Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England, marries Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor Births Deaths Categories: 1114 ... A primate in the Western Church is an archbishop or bishop who has authority not just over the bishops of his own province, as a Metropolitan does, but over a number of provinces, such as a national church. ... The word legate comes from the Latin legare (to send). It has several meanings, all related to representatives: A legate is a member of a diplomatic embassy. ... Paschal II, né Ranierius (d. ... Events Baldwin I of Jerusalem undertakes an invasion of Egypt The modern book of separate pages stitched together is invented in China Construction starts on the Chennkesava temple The Aztecs leave Aztlán searching for the site of what will eventually become Tenochtitlán and later Mexico City Births Deaths... Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, (1081 - May 23, 1125) was the fourth and last ruler of the Salian dynasty. ... The Investiture Controversy was the most significant conflict between secular and religious powers in medieval Europe. ... The Curia, inside the Forum The Curia of ancient Rome was the place where the Senate met to discuss the making of laws and take decisions about the affairs of the Republic. ... Benevento is a town and archiepiscopal see of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento, 32 miles northeast of Naples. ... Easter (also called Pascha) is generally accounted the most important holiday of the Christian year, observed March or April each year to celebrate the Resurrection of Jesus from the dead (after his death by crucifixion; see Good Friday), which Christians believe happened at about this time of year, almost two... March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). ... Events May 3 - Merton Priory (Thomas Becket school) consecrated. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Excommunication is religious censure which is used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. ...

When Paschal died on 24 January 1118, he was succeeded by Gelasius II. Henry went to Rome but Gelasius escaped to Gaeta and refused to meet the Emperor to discuss German affairs. Partly in reprisal the imperial party among the cardinals then annulled Gelasius' election, and on March 1 Mauritius was proclaimed pope, taking the name Gregory VIII. Gelasius, at Capua, proceeded to excommunicate both Gregory and Henry (April 7). January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events Knights Templar founded Baldwin of Le Bourg succeeds his cousin Baldwin I as king of Jerusalem John II Comnenus succeeds Alexius I as Byzantine emperor Gelasius II succeeds Paschal II as pope Births December 21 - Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury Taira no Kiyomori, Japanese general Deaths January 21 - Pope... Gelasius II, né Giovanni Coniulo (d. ... Gaeta (ancient Caieta) is a seaport in the province of Latina in Lazio, Italy. ... Capua (modern Santa Maria Capua Vetere) was the chief ancient city of Campania, and one of the most important towns of ancient Italy, situated 25 km (16 mi) north of Neapolis, on the northeastern edge of the Campanian plain. ... Excommunication is religious censure which is used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. ...

After Gelasius' death, when Callixtus II had been elected Pope in 1119, Henry was induced to change papal allegiance, in the Concordat of Worms of 1122. Callixtus entered Rome, and Gregory left, going to Sutri, where he was in April 1121, when papal troops of Callixtus closed up the city for eight days until its citizens surrendered Antipope Gregory. He was taken to Rome and imprisoned in the Septizonium. After having been moved in confinement from monastery to monastery, he finally died at La Cava, Salerno, some time after August 1137. Callixtus II, né Guido of Vienne (d. ... Events February 2 - Callixtus II becomes Pope August 20 - Henry I of England routes Louis VI at the Battle of Bremule. ... Also called the Pactum Calixtinum, the Concordat of Worms was an agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V on September 23, 1122 near Worms. ... Events Resolution of Investiture Controversy in the Concordat of Worms Pierre Abélard writes Sic et Non Births Eleanor of Aquitaine at Belin (near Bordeaux) Deaths Ralph dEscures, archbishop of Canterbury Margrave Ottokar II of Styria Categories: 1122 ... Sutri (ancient Sutrium), a town and episcopal see of Italy, in the province of Rome, is picturesquely situated on a narrow hill, surrounded by ravines, a narrow neck on the west alone connecting it with the surrounding country. ... Events Concordat of Worms condemns Pierre Abélards writings on the Holy Trinity. ... Events Louis VII is crowned King of France. ...

External link

• Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church: Election of March 8, 1118