Antirrhinum
Snapdragon
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Lamiales Family: Plantaginaceae Genus: Antirrhinum L.
Species
This list is currently incomplete Transformers are fictional alien robots and the titular characters of a popular[1] Hasbro toy line and its spin-offs. ... Snapdragon is a Decepticon character from the Generation 1 Transformers series. ... Snapdragon. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta—liverworts Anthocerotophyta—hornworts Bryophyta—mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta—rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta—zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta—clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta—trimerophytes Pteridophyta—ferns and horsetails Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta—seed ferns Pinophyta—conifers Cycadophyta—cycads Ginkgophyta—ginkgo Gnetophyta—gnetae Magnoliophyta—flowering plants... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants or angiosperms are the most widespread group of land plants. ... Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class: this name is formed by replacing the termination -aceae in the name Magnoliaceae by the termination -opsida (Art 16 of the ICBN). ... Families See text The Order Lamiales is a taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. ... Genera See text. ... Carl Linnaeus, Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 23, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... Section Antirrhinum Antirrhinum australe Antirrhinum barrelieri Antirrhinum boissieri Antirrhinum braun-blanquetii Antirrhinum charidemi Antirrhinum graniticum Antirrhinum grosii Antirrhinum hispanicum Antirrhinum latifolium Antirrhinum lopesianum Antirrhinum majus Antirrhinum meonanthum Antirrhinum microphyllum Antirrhinum molle Antirrhinum onubensis Antirrhinum pertegasii Antirrhinum pulverulentum Antirrhinum rupestre Antirrhinum sempervirens Antirrhinum siculum Antirrhinum spurium Antirrhinum valentinum Section Orontium Antirrhinum calycinum Antirrhinum orontium Section Saerorhinum Antirrhinum breviflorum Antirrhinum confertiflorum Antirrhinum cornutum Antirrhinum costatum Antirrhinum coulterianum Antirrhinum fernandezcasasii Antirrhinum filipes Antirrhinum kellogii Antirrhinum kingii Antirrhinum leptaleum Antirrhinum multiflorum Antirrhinum nuttalianum Antirrhinum ovatum Antirrhinum subcordatum Antirrhinum vexillo-calyculatum Antirrhinum virga Antirrhinum watsonii

Antirrhinum is a genus of plants more commonly known as snapdragons from the flowers' fancied resemblance to the face of a dragon that opens and closes its mouth when properly squeezed (thus the 'snap'). The antirrhinums used to be treated as the family Scrophulariaceae, but studies of DNA sequences have led to the inclusion of Antirrhinum in a vastly enlarged family Plantaginaceae. Binomial name Antirrhinum majus Antirrhinum majus, the Snapdragon, is an herbaceous perennial plant. ... For other uses, see Genus (disambiguation). ... Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta—liverworts Anthocerotophyta—hornworts Bryophyta—mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta—rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta—zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta—clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta—trimerophytes Pteridophyta—ferns and horsetails Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta—seed ferns Pinophyta—conifers Cycadophyta—cycads Ginkgophyta—ginkgo Gnetophyta—gnetae Magnoliophyta—flowering plants... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Dragon. ... Genera See text. ... Genera See text. ...

Taxonomy

The taxonomy of this genus is disputed at present. At one extreme, ITIS recognises only the Old World species of sect. Antirrhinum in the genus, listing only the Garden Snapdragon A. majus (the only species in the section naturalised in North America). At the other, Thompson (1988) places 36 species in the genus; many modern botanists accept this circumscription. New species also continue to be discovered (see e.g. Romo et al., 1995). The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) is a partnership designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the taxonomy of biological species. ... The Old World consists of those parts of Earth known to Europeans, Asians, and Africans before the voyages of Christopher Columbus; it includes Europe, Asia, and Africa (collectively known as Africa-Eurasia), plus surrounding islands. ... The hierarchy of scientific classification. ... Binomial name Antirrhinum majus Antirrhinum majus, the Snapdragon, is an herbaceous perennial plant. ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ...

Recent research in the molecular systematics of this group, and related species, by Oyama and Baum (2004), has confirmed that the genus as described by Thompson is monophyletic, provided that one species (A. cyathiferum) is removed to a separate genus, and two others (previously listed as Mohavea confertiflora and M. breviflora) are included. The species list at the right follows these conclusions. It is widely agreed that this broad group should be subdivided into three or four subgroups, but the level at which this should be done, and exactly which species should be grouped together, remain unclear. Some authors continue to follow Thompson in using a large genus Antirrhinum, which is then divided into several sections; others treat Thompson's genus as a tribe or subtribe, and divide it into several genera. It has been suggested that molecular phylogeny be merged into this article or section. ... In phylogenetics, a group is monophyletic (Greek: of one stem) if all organisms in that group are known to have developed from a common ancestral form, and all descendants of that form are included in the group. ...

If the broad circumscription is accepted, its sections are as follows:

• Section Antirrhinum: about 20 Old World species of perennial plants, the type Antirrhinum majus, mostly native to the western Mediterranean region with a focus on the Iberian Peninsula.
• Section Orontium: two to six species, also Mediterranean. The species in this section, including the type Lesser Snapdragon A. orontium, are often treated in the genus Misopates.
• Section Saerorhinum: about 16 New World species, mostly annual plants and mostly native to California, though species are found from Oregon to Baja California Sur and as far east as Utah. Like other authors, Thompson placed A. cyathiferum in this section, but Oyama and Baum, following earlier authors, suggest that it should be reclassified in genus Pseudorontium, while Mohavea confertiflora and M. breviflora should be included. Some authors classify the species in this section into the genera Sairocarpus, Howelliella and Neogaerrhinum.

The Garden Snapdragon is an important garden plant; cultivars of this species have showy white, crimson, or yellow bilabiate flowers. It is also important as a model organism in botanical research, and its genome has been studied in detail. Red Valerian, a perennial plant. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar. ... Binomial name Misopates orontium (L.) Raf. ... Frontispiece of Peter Martyr dAnghieras De orbe novo (On the New World). Carte dAmérique, Guillaume Delisle, 1722. ... Peas are an annual plant. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Official language(s) (none)[1] Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 9th  - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²)  - Width 260 miles (420 km)  - Length 360 miles (580 km)  - % water 2. ... Baja California Sur is one of the 31 States of Mexico, occupying the part of the Baja California Peninsula south of the 28th parallel. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This Osteospermum Pink Whirls is a successful cultivar. ... A model organism is a species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms. ... In biology the genome of an organism is the whole hereditary information of an organism that is encoded in the DNA (or, for some viruses, RNA). ...

While Antirrhinum majus is the plant that is usually meant if the word "snapdragon" is used on its own, many other species in the genus, and in the family Scrophulariaceae more widely, have common names that include the word "snapdragon".

Growth

Snapdragons are perennial plants often sold as cold-season annual plants and do best in full or partial sun. They are available in a range of heights: dwarf (6-8 inches), medium (15-30 inches) and tall (30-48 inches). Plant them in a soil that drains well to prevent the roots from rotting. A Red Valerian, a perennial plant. ... Peas are an annual plant. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Antirrhinum

The Antirrhinum majus genetic and phenotypic database is located at: http://www.antirrhinum.net [1] HI Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...

References

• Oyama, R. K., & Baum, D. A. (2004). Phylogenetic relationships of North American Antirrhinum (Veronicaceae). American Journal of Botany 91: 918-925.
• Romo, A., Stubing, G., & Peris, J. B. (1995). A new species of Antirrhinum (Scrophulariaceae) from North Morocco. Annales Botanici Fennici 32: 165-168.
• Thompson, D. M. (1988). Systematics of Antirrhinum (Scrophulariaceae) in the New World. Systematic Botany Monographs 22.
• D. C. Albach, H. M. Meudt and B. Oxelman - Piecing together the "new" Plantaginaceae; American Journal of Botany. 2005;92:297-315.

Gallery

Antirrhinum majus Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 469 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1844 × 2356 pixel, file size: 2. ...