Antisense mRNA is an mRNA transcript that is complementary to endogenous mRNA. It is the noncoding strand complementary to the coding sequence of mRNA. Introducing a transgene coding for antisense mRNA is a strategy used to block expression of a gene of interest. A strand of antisense mRNA can also be introduced into the cytosol by microinjection. Radioactively-labelled antisense mRNA can be used to hybridise to endogenous sense mRNA, which can show the level of transcription of genes in various cell types. The interaction of mRNA in a eukaryote cell. ... In an economic model, an endogenous change is one that comes from inside the model and is explained by the model itself. ... A transgenic organism is one whose genome has been subject to artificial modification. ... Gene expression (also protein expression or often simply expression) is the process by which a genes information is converted into the structures and functions of a cell. ... This stylistic schematic diagram shows a gene in relation to the double helix structure of DNA and to a chromosome (right). ... ÃThe cytosol (as opposed fatty cytoplasm, which also includes the organelles) is the internal fluid of the cell, and a large part of cell metabolism occurs here. ...

Analogous molecules with modified backbones have been designed which change various characteristics of RNA, such as its instability to degradative enzymes. Some alternative antisense structural types are phosphorothioate, Morpholino, PNA (peptide nucleic acid), LNA (locked nucleic acid), and 2'-O alkyl oligos. Some antisense structural types are being experimentally applied as antisense therapy, with at least one antisense therapy approved for use in humans. Morpholino oligos are an antisense technology used to block access of other molecules to specific sequences within nucleic acid molecules. ... PNA is peptide nucleic acid, a chemical similar to DNA or RNA but differing in the composition of its backbone. ... A locked nucleic acid (LNA) is a modified RNA nucleotide. ... Antisense therapy is a theoretical form of treatment for genetic disorders. ...