Categories: Articles lacking sources from December 2006 | All articles lacking sources | Antlia constellation | Constellations This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Andromeda (IPA: ) is a constellation named for the princess Andromeda (which is Greek for Ruler over men), a character in Greek mythology. ... Apus (Latin for bird of paradise) is a faint southern constellation, not visible to the ancient Greeks. ... Aquarius (IPA: , Latin: ) is the eleventh sign of the zodiac, situated between Capricornus and Pisces. ... Aquila (IPA: , Latin: ; sometimes named the Vulture), is one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy, also mentioned by Eudoxus (4th cent. ... Ara (Latin for Altar) is a faint southerly constellation between the constellations Centaurus and Lupus. ... Aries (IPA: , Latin: , symbol , ) is one of the constellations of the zodiac. ... Auriga (IPA: , Latin: ) is a northern constellation. ... Boötes (IPA: ), a name deriving from Egypt, is one of the 88 modern constellations and was also one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy. ... Caelum (IPA: , Latin: , and similar to Latin: ) is a minor southern constellation introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille. ... Camelopardalis, Latin for giraffe, is the name of a large but faint northern constellation first recorded by Jakob Bartsch in 1624, but probably created earlier by Petrus Plancius. ... Cancer (IPA: , Latin: , symbol , ) is one of the thirteen constellations of the zodiac. ... Canes Venatici (Latin for Hunting dogs) is a small northern constellation that was introduced by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century. ... Canis Major (IPA: , Latin: ) is one of the 88 modern constellations, and was also in Ptolemys list of 48 constellations. ... Canis Minor (IPA: , Latin: ) is one of the 88 modern constellations, and was also in Ptolemys list of 48 constellations. ... Capricornus ( or , Unicode: ♑), a name meaning Horned Goat or That which has horns like a goats in Latin, is one of the constellations of the zodiac. ... Carina (IPA: , Latin: ) is a southern constellation which forms part of the old constellation of Argo Navis. ... Cassiopeia (IPA: ) is a northern constellation which Greek mythology considered to represent a vain queen who boasted about her unrivaled beauty. ... Centaurus (Latin for centaur) was one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy, and counts also among the 88 modern constellations. ... Cepheus (IPA: ) is a northern constellation named after King Cepheus in Greek mythology, and is considered to represent a king. ... Cetus (a name from Greek mythology, referring to a Whale or Sea monster, see Ceto) is a constellation of the southern sky, in the region known as the Water, near other watery constellations like Aquarius, Pisces, and Eridanus. ... For other uses of the word, see chameleon (disambiguation) Chamaeleon (Latin for chameleon) is a minor southern constellation. ... Circinus, Latin for Compass, is one of the small southern (declination −50 to −60 degrees) constellations. ... Columba, Latin for dove, is a small constellation just south to Canis Major and Lepus, it was cut out of the constellation Canis Major by Augustin Royer, in 1679. ... Coma Berenices (IPA: , Latin: ) is a traditional asterism that has since become a constellation. ... Corona Australis (IPA: ) or Corona Austrina (IPA: , Latin: ) was one of Ptolemys 48 constellations, and also counts among the 88 modern constellations. ... Corona Borealis (Latin for northern crown) is a small northern constellation whose main stars form a semicircular arc. ... Corvus (Latin for Raven/Crow) is a small southern constellation with only 11 stars visible to the naked eye (brighter than magnitude 5. ... Crater (Latin for cup) is one of the 88 modern constellations and was also one of the 48 listed by Ptolemy. ... CRUX is a lightweight, i686-optimized Linux distribution targeted at experienced Linux users. ... Cygnus (IPA: , Latin: ) is a northern constellation. ... Delphinus, being Latin for Dolphin, is a rather small (ranked 69th) northern constellation very close to the celestial equator. ... This article is about a constellation in the sky. ... Draco (IPA: , Latin: ) is a far northern constellation that is circumpolar for many northern hemisphere observers. ... Equuleus (IPA: , Latin: Despite its smallness and lack of bright stars (none are brighter than fourth magnitude), it was also one of Ptolemys 48 constellations. ... Eridanus is the sixth largest of the 88 modern constellations. ... Fornax (Latin for furnace) is a southern constellation which was first introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille under the name Fornax Chemica (Latin for chemical furnace). ... Gemini (IPA: , Latin: , symbol , ) is one of the constellations of the zodiac known as the twins . It is part of the winter sky, lying between Taurus to the west and the dim Cancer to the east, with Auriga and the near-invisible Lynx to the north and Monoceros and Canis... Grus (Latin for Crane) is a southern constellation. ... Hercules (IPA: ) is the fifth largest of the 88 modern constellations. ... Horologium (Latin for clock) is one of the lesser southern constellations (declination around -60 degrees). ... Hydra (IPA: ) is the largest of the 88 modern constellations, and was also one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy. ... Hydrus (Latin for Hydra, also referred to as male Hydra or little Hydra) is a minor southern constellation. ... Indus (IPA: ) is a southern constellation that is supposed to represent an American Indian. ... Lacerta, being Latin for Lizard, is one of the 88 official constellations acknowledged by the International Astronomical Union. ... Leo (IPA: , Latin: , symbol , ) is a constellation of the zodiac. ... Leo Minor (Latin for Small Lion) is a rather dim constellation that can barely be recognized as a triangle and lies between the easily discerned constellations Ursa Major and Leo. ... Lepus (IPA: , Latin: ) is a constellation, lying just south of the Celestial equator, below the constellation Orion, and possibly representing a hare being chased by Orion the hunter. ... Libra (IPA: , Latin: , symbol , Unicode ) is a constellation of the zodiac. ... Lupus (Latin for Wolf) is a southern constellation. ... Lynx (IPA: ) is a constellation of the northern hemisphere, introduced in the 17th century by Johannes Hevelius. ... For other uses, see Lyra (disambiguation). ... Mensa (Latin for Table) is a southern constellation which was first introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille under the name Mons Mensae (Latin for table mountain). ... Categories: Astronomy stubs | Modern constellations | Constellations ... Monoceros (IPA: , Greek: ) is a faint constellation on the winter night sky, surrounded by Orion to the east, Gemini to the north, Canis Major to the south and Hydra to the west. ... Musca (Latin for Fly) is one of the minor southern constellations. ... Norma (IPA: , Latin: ), is a small and inconspicuous [penis] that lies in the southern hemisphere between Scorpius and Centaurus. ... Octans (Latin for octant) is an inconspicuous constellation introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille. ... Ophiuchus (IPA: ), formerly referred to as Serpentarius (IPA: ), both originating in the Greek language and meaning serpent-holder, is one of the 88 constellations and was also one of the 48 listed by Ptolemy. ... Orion (IPA: ), a constellation often referred to as The Hunter, is a prominent constellation, one of the largest and perhaps the best-known and most conspicuous in the sky. ... Pavo, being Latin for Peacock, is a southern constellation. ... Pegasus (IPA: ) is a northern constellation, named after the mythological winged horse Pegasus. ... Perseus is a northern constellation, named after the Greek hero who slew the monster Medusa. ... Phoenix (IPA: ) is a minor southern constellation, introduced by Dutch navigators Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman, and popularized by Johann Bayers Uranometria in 1603. ... Pictor (IPA: , Latin: ) is one of the minor southern (declination -50 to -60) constellations. ... For other uses, see Pisces. ... Piscis Austrinus or Piscis Australis (both of which are Latin for Southern Fish) was one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy, and is also one of the 88 modern constellations. ... Puppis (IPA: , Latin: ) is a southern constellation. ... Categories: Astronomy stubs | Modern constellations | Constellations | Pyxis constellation | Argo Navis constellation ... Reticulum (Latin for reticle), is one of the minor southern (declination -60 degrees) constellations. ... This article is about the constellation; for the trigonometric function, see versine. ... For other uses, see Sagittarius. ... Scorpius (Latin for scorpion, symbol , Unicode ♏) is one of the constellations of the zodiac. ... Categories: Astronomy stubs | Modern constellations | Constellations | Sculptor constellation ... Scutum (Latin for shield) is a small constellation. ... Serpens (the snake) is one of the 88 modern constellations, and was also one of the 48 listed by Ptolemy. ... For the Ancient Roman coin denomination, see sextans (coin). ... Taurus (IPA: , Latin: , symbol , ) is one of the constellations of the zodiac. ... Telescopium (Latin for Telescope) is a minor southern constellation identified and named by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, the 18th century French astronomer, a student of the southern skies. ... Triangulum is a small northern constellation whose three brightest stars, of third and fourth magnitude, form an elongated triangle. ... Triangulum Australe is a small southern constellation whose three brightest stars, of second and third magnitude, form an approximately equilateral triangle. ... Tucana (Latin for Toucan) is a southern constellation. ... Ursa Major (IPA: ) is a constellation visible throughout the year in most of the northern hemisphere. ... Ursa Minor (IPA: ) is a constellation in the northern sky, the name of which means Smaller Bear in Latin. ... Vela (IPA: , Latin: ) is a southern constellation, one of the four parts into which Argo Navis was split (the others being Carina, Puppis and Pyxis). ... Virgo (IPA: , Latin: , symbol , ) is a constellation of the zodiac. ... Categories: Astronomy stubs | Modern constellations | Constellations | Volans constellation ... Vulpecula (IPA: , Latin: ) is a faint northern constellation located in the middle of the Summer Triangle, an asterism consisting of the bright stars Deneb, Vega and Altair. ... A medieval artists rendition of Claudius Ptolemaeus Claudius Ptolemaeus (Greek: ; c. ... Andromeda (IPA: ) is a constellation named for the princess Andromeda (which is Greek for Ruler over men), a character in Greek mythology. ... Aquarius (IPA: , Latin: ) is the eleventh sign of the zodiac, situated between Capricornus and Pisces. ... Aquila (IPA: , Latin: ; sometimes named the Vulture), is one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy, also mentioned by Eudoxus (4th cent. ... Ara (Latin for Altar) is a faint southerly constellation between the constellations Centaurus and Lupus. ... The constellation Argo Navis drawn by Johannes Hevelius in 1690 Argo Navis (or simply Argo) was a large southern constellation representing the Argo, the ship used by Jason and the Argonauts in Greek mythology. ... Aries (IPA: , Latin: , symbol , ) is one of the constellations of the zodiac. ... Auriga (IPA: , Latin: ) is a northern constellation. ... Boötes (IPA: ), a name deriving from Egypt, is one of the 88 modern constellations and was also one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy. ... Cancer (IPA: , Latin: , symbol , ) is one of the thirteen constellations of the zodiac. ... Canis Major (IPA: , Latin: ) is one of the 88 modern constellations, and was also in Ptolemys list of 48 constellations. ... Canis Minor (IPA: , Latin: ) is one of the 88 modern constellations, and was also in Ptolemys list of 48 constellations. ... Capricornus ( or , Unicode: ♑), a name meaning Horned Goat or That which has horns like a goats in Latin, is one of the constellations of the zodiac. ... Cassiopeia (IPA: ) is a northern constellation which Greek mythology considered to represent a vain queen who boasted about her unrivaled beauty. ... Centaurus (Latin for centaur) was one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy, and counts also among the 88 modern constellations. ... Cepheus (IPA: ) is a northern constellation named after King Cepheus in Greek mythology, and is considered to represent a king. ... Cetus (a name from Greek mythology, referring to a Whale or Sea monster, see Ceto) is a constellation of the southern sky, in the region known as the Water, near other watery constellations like Aquarius, Pisces, and Eridanus. ... Corona Australis (IPA: ) or Corona Austrina (IPA: , Latin: ) was one of Ptolemys 48 constellations, and also counts among the 88 modern constellations. ... Corona Borealis (Latin for northern crown) is a small northern constellation whose main stars form a semicircular arc. ... Corvus (Latin for Raven/Crow) is a small southern constellation with only 11 stars visible to the naked eye (brighter than magnitude 5. ... Crater (Latin for cup) is one of the 88 modern constellations and was also one of the 48 listed by Ptolemy. ... Cygnus (IPA: , Latin: ) is a northern constellation. ... Delphinus, being Latin for Dolphin, is a rather small (ranked 69th) northern constellation very close to the celestial equator. ... Draco (IPA: , Latin: ) is a far northern constellation that is circumpolar for many northern hemisphere observers. ... Equuleus (IPA: , Latin: Despite its smallness and lack of bright stars (none are brighter than fourth magnitude), it was also one of Ptolemys 48 constellations. ... Eridanus is the sixth largest of the 88 modern constellations. ... Gemini (IPA: , Latin: , symbol , ) is one of the constellations of the zodiac known as the twins . It is part of the winter sky, lying between Taurus to the west and the dim Cancer to the east, with Auriga and the near-invisible Lynx to the north and Monoceros and Canis... Hercules (IPA: ) is the fifth largest of the 88 modern constellations. ... Hydra (IPA: ) is the largest of the 88 modern constellations, and was also one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy. ... Leo (IPA: , Latin: , symbol , ) is a constellation of the zodiac. ... Lepus (IPA: , Latin: ) is a constellation, lying just south of the Celestial equator, below the constellation Orion, and possibly representing a hare being chased by Orion the hunter. ... Libra (IPA: , Latin: , symbol , Unicode ) is a constellation of the zodiac. ... Lupus (Latin for Wolf) is a southern constellation. ... For other uses, see Lyra (disambiguation). ... Ophiuchus (IPA: ), formerly referred to as Serpentarius (IPA: ), both originating in the Greek language and meaning serpent-holder, is one of the 88 constellations and was also one of the 48 listed by Ptolemy. ... Orion (IPA: ), a constellation often referred to as The Hunter, is a prominent constellation, one of the largest and perhaps the best-known and most conspicuous in the sky. ... Pegasus (IPA: ) is a northern constellation, named after the mythological winged horse Pegasus. ... Perseus is a northern constellation, named after the Greek hero who slew the monster Medusa. ... For other uses, see Pisces. ... Piscis Austrinus or Piscis Australis (both of which are Latin for Southern Fish) was one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy, and is also one of the 88 modern constellations. ... This article is about the constellation; for the trigonometric function, see versine. ... For other uses, see Sagittarius. ... Scorpius (Latin for scorpion, symbol , Unicode ♏) is one of the constellations of the zodiac. ... Serpens (the snake) is one of the 88 modern constellations, and was also one of the 48 listed by Ptolemy. ... Taurus (IPA: , Latin: , symbol , ) is one of the constellations of the zodiac. ... Triangulum is a small northern constellation whose three brightest stars, of third and fourth magnitude, form an elongated triangle. ... Ursa Major (IPA: ) is a constellation visible throughout the year in most of the northern hemisphere. ... Ursa Minor (IPA: ) is a constellation in the northern sky, the name of which means Smaller Bear in Latin. ... Virgo (IPA: , Latin: , symbol , ) is a constellation of the zodiac. ... Apus (Latin for bird of paradise) is a faint southern constellation, not visible to the ancient Greeks. ... For other uses of the word, see chameleon (disambiguation) Chamaeleon (Latin for chameleon) is a minor southern constellation. ... Coma Berenices (IPA: , Latin: ) is a traditional asterism that has since become a constellation. ... This article is about a constellation in the sky. ... Grus (Latin for Crane) is a southern constellation. ... Hydrus (Latin for Hydra, also referred to as male Hydra or little Hydra) is a minor southern constellation. ... Indus (IPA: ) is a southern constellation that is supposed to represent an American Indian. ... Musca (Latin for Fly) is one of the minor southern constellations. ... Pavo, being Latin for Peacock, is a southern constellation. ... Phoenix (IPA: ) is a minor southern constellation, introduced by Dutch navigators Pieter Dirkszoon Keyser and Frederick de Houtman, and popularized by Johann Bayers Uranometria in 1603. ... Triangulum Australe is a small southern constellation whose three brightest stars, of second and third magnitude, form an approximately equilateral triangle. ... Tucana (Latin for Toucan) is a southern constellation. ... Categories: Astronomy stubs | Modern constellations | Constellations | Volans constellation ... Vulpecula (IPA: , Latin: ) is a faint northern constellation located in the middle of the Summer Triangle, an asterism consisting of the bright stars Deneb, Vega and Altair. ... Camelopardalis, Latin for giraffe, is the name of a large but faint northern constellation first recorded by Jakob Bartsch in 1624, but probably created earlier by Petrus Plancius. ... Monoceros (IPA: , Greek: ) is a faint constellation on the winter night sky, surrounded by Orion to the east, Gemini to the north, Canis Major to the south and Hydra to the west. ... Columba, Latin for dove, is a small constellation just south to Canis Major and Lepus, it was cut out of the constellation Canis Major by Augustin Royer, in 1679. ... CRUX is a lightweight, i686-optimized Linux distribution targeted at experienced Linux users. ... Canes Venatici (Latin for Hunting dogs) is a small northern constellation that was introduced by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century. ... Lacerta, being Latin for Lizard, is one of the 88 official constellations acknowledged by the International Astronomical Union. ... Leo Minor (Latin for Small Lion) is a rather dim constellation that can barely be recognized as a triangle and lies between the easily discerned constellations Ursa Major and Leo. ... Lynx (IPA: ) is a constellation of the northern hemisphere, introduced in the 17th century by Johannes Hevelius. ... Scutum (Latin for shield) is a small constellation. ... For the Ancient Roman coin denomination, see sextans (coin). ... Vulpecula (IPA: , Latin: ) is a faint northern constellation located in the middle of the Summer Triangle, an asterism consisting of the bright stars Deneb, Vega and Altair. ... Caelum (IPA: , Latin: , and similar to Latin: ) is a minor southern constellation introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille. ... Canes Venatici (Latin for Hunting dogs) is a small northern constellation that was introduced by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century. ... Carina (IPA: , Latin: ) is a southern constellation which forms part of the old constellation of Argo Navis. ... Circinus, Latin for Compass, is one of the small southern (declination −50 to −60 degrees) constellations. ... Fornax (Latin for furnace) is a southern constellation which was first introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille under the name Fornax Chemica (Latin for chemical furnace). ... Horologium (Latin for clock) is one of the lesser southern constellations (declination around -60 degrees). ... Mensa (Latin for Table) is a southern constellation which was first introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille under the name Mons Mensae (Latin for table mountain). ... Categories: Astronomy stubs | Modern constellations | Constellations ... Norma (IPA: , Latin: ), is a small and inconspicuous [penis] that lies in the southern hemisphere between Scorpius and Centaurus. ... Octans (Latin for octant) is an inconspicuous constellation introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille. ... Pictor (IPA: , Latin: ) is one of the minor southern (declination -50 to -60) constellations. ... Puppis (IPA: , Latin: ) is a southern constellation. ... Categories: Astronomy stubs | Modern constellations | Constellations | Pyxis constellation | Argo Navis constellation ... Reticulum (Latin for reticle), is one of the minor southern (declination -60 degrees) constellations. ... Categories: Astronomy stubs | Modern constellations | Constellations | Sculptor constellation ... Telescopium (Latin for Telescope) is a minor southern constellation identified and named by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, the 18th century French astronomer, a student of the southern skies. ... Vela (IPA: , Latin: ) is a southern constellation, one of the four parts into which Argo Navis was split (the others being Carina, Puppis and Pyxis). ... The former constellation Argo Navis Former constellations are constellations that are no longer recognized by the International Astronomical Union for various reasons. ... Vulpecula (IPA: , Latin: ) is a faint northern constellation located in the middle of the Summer Triangle, an asterism consisting of the bright stars Deneb, Vega and Altair. ... Antinous was a constellation south of Aquila. ... The constellation Argo Navis drawn by Johannes Hevelius in 1690 Argo Navis (or simply Argo) was a large southern constellation representing the Argo, the ship used by Jason and the Argonauts in Greek mythology. ... Canes Venatici (Latin for Hunting dogs) is a small northern constellation that was introduced by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century. ... Cerberus was a constellation created by Hevelius. ... Canes Venatici (Latin for Hunting dogs) is a small northern constellation that was introduced by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century. ... Custos Messium (Latin for harvest-keeper) was a constellation created by Jérôme Lalande in 1775. ... Felis (Latin for cat) was a constellation created by Jérôme Lalande in 1805. ... Frederici Honores or Honores Friderici or Gloria Frederici (Latin for Glory of Frederick) was a constellation created by Johann Bode in 1787 to honor Frederick the Great, the king of Prussia who had died in the previous year. ... Gallus (the cockerel) was a constellation invented by Petrus Plancius in the early 17th century. ... Globus Aerostaticus (Latin for hot air balloon) was a constellation created by Jérôme Lalande in 1798. ... Jordanus (the Jordan River) was a constellation invented by Petrus Plancius in the early 17th century. ... Lochium Funis (Latin for the log and line) was a constellation created by Johann Bode from the stars which Nicolas Louis de Lacaille created the constellation Pyxis. ... Machina Electrica (Latin for electricity generator) was a constellation created by Johann Bode in 1800. ... Malus (Latin for mast) was a constellation that formed part of the Argo Navis constellation. ... Mons Maenalus (the Mountain) was a constellation created by Johannes Hevelius. ... Musca Borealis (Latin for northern fly) was a constellation located between the constellations of Aries and Perseus. ... Noctua (Latin for owl) was a constellation located between the constellations of Hydra and Libra. ... Officina Typographica (Latin for printing office) was a constellation located east of Sirius. ... Polophylax (Greek: guardian of the pole) was a southern constellation introduced by Petrus Plancius in the early 17th century. ... Psalterium Georgii (also Harpa Georgii) (Latin for Georges harp) was a constellation created by Maximilian Hell in 1781 to honor George II of Great Britain. ... Quadrans Muralis (Latin for mural quadrant) was a constellation created by Jérôme Lalande in 1795. ... Ramus Pomifer (Latin for apple branch) was a constellation located between Hercules and Lyra. ... Robur Carolinum (Latin for Charles oak) was a constellation created by the English astronomer Sir Edmund Halley in 1679. ... Sceptrum Brandenburgicum (Latin for scepter of Brandenburg) was a constellation created in 1688 by Gottfried Kirch, astronomer of Prussian Royal Society of Sciences. ... Sceptrum et Manus Iustitiae (Latin for scepter and hand of justice) was a constellation created by Augustin Royer in 1679 to honor king Louis XIV of France. ... Solarium (Latin for sundial) was a constellation located between the constellations of Horologium, Dorado and Hydrus. ... Tarandus vel Rangifer or Tarandus or Rangifer (the Reindeer) was a small constellation located between the constellations of Cassiopeia and Camelopardalis. ... Taurus Poniatovii (Latin for Poniatowskis bull) was a constellation created by Martin Poczobut in 1777 to honor Stanislaus Poniatowski, king of Poland. ... Telescopium Herschelii (Latin for Herschels telescope) was a constellation created by Maximilian Hell in 1781 to honor the famous English astronomer Sir William Herschel. ... Testudo (Latin for turtle) was a constellation located between the constellations of Cetus and Pisces. ... River Tigris or Tigris (named after the Tigris river) was a constellation, invented by Jakob Bartsch in the 17th century (or by Petrus Plancius). ... Triangulum Minor or Triangulum Minus (Latin for lesser triangle) was a constellation created by Hevelius. ... Hiren is gay. ... The constellation Lyra (Latin for Lyre) already formed part of Ptolemys list of 48 constellations and is also one of the 88 modern constellations approved by the IAU. Lyra is not very big but still easy to find because its principal star, Vega, is also a vertex of the... Apis (Latin for bee) was a constellation located south of constellation Crux. ... Grus (Latin for Crane) is a southern constellation. ... Ophiuchus (IPA: ), formerly referred to as Serpentarius (IPA: ), both originating in the Greek language and meaning serpent-holder, is one of the 88 constellations and was also one of the 48 listed by Ptolemy. ... Vespa (Latin for wasp) was a constellation created by Jakob Bartsch in the 17th century. ... This article is about a constellation in the sky. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...