Antoine Pierre Joseph Marie Barnave (October 22, 1761—November 29, 1793), was a French politician, and, together with Honoré Mirabeau, the most influential orators of the French Revolution. October 22 is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 70 days remaining. ... 1761 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Portrait of Mirabeau Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, Comte de Mirabeau, (often referred to simply as Mirabeau) (March 9, 1749 - April 2, 1791) was a French writer, popular orator and statesman. ... Orator is a Latin word for speaker (from the Latin verb oro, meaning I speak or I pray). In ancient Rome, the art of speaking in public (Ars Oratoria) was a professional competence especially cultivated by politicians and lawyers. ... Liberty Leading the People, a painting by Delacroix commemorating the July Revolution of 1830 but which has come to be generally accepted as symbolic of French popular uprisings against the monarchy in general. ...

In Dauphiné

He was born at Grenoble in Dauphiné, of a Protestant family. His father was an advocate at the Parlement of Grenoble, and his mother was an upper-class educated woman. It was she who educated her son because, being a Protestant, he could not attend school. Barnave was prepared for a career in law, and at the age of twenty-two made himself known by a speech pronounced before the local Parlement on the division of political powers. , Grenoble (Occitan: Grasanòbol) is a city and commune in south-east France, situated at the foot of the Alps, at the confluence of the Drac into the Isère River. ... Flag of the Dauphiné Dauphiné is a former province in southeastern France, roughly corresponding to the present départements of the Isère, Drôme, and Hautes-Alpes. ... Protestantism is one of three primary branches of Christianity. ... Parlements (pronounced in French) in ancien régime France — contrary to what their name would suggest to the modern reader — were not democratic or political institutions, but law courts . ... Upper class refers to a group of people at the top of a social hierarchy. ... A map displaying todays federations. ...

Dauphiné was one of the first of the provinces of France to be touched by the revolutionary ideals, and Barnave was one of the first to give voice to the general feeling, in a pamphlet entitled Esprit des édüs enregistrés militairement le 20 mai 1788. He was immediately elected deputy, with his father, to the states of Dauphiné, and took a prominent part in their debates. The Kingdom of France was organized into provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the département system superseded provinces. ... A pamphlet is an unbound booklet (that is, without a hard cover or binding). ... In France under the Ancien Régime, the States-General or Estates-General (in French: États-Généraux), was an assembly of the different classes (or estates) of French subjects. ...

States-General and Assemblies

A few months later he became better known, when the States-General were convoked at the Palace of Versailles for May 5, 1789, and Barnave was chosen deputy of the Third Estate for his native province. The Estates-General (or States-General) of 1789 (French: Etats-Généraux de 1789) was the first meeting since 1614 of the French Estates-General, a general assembly consisting of representatives from all but the poorest segment of the French citizenry. ... Versailles: Louis Le Vau opened up the interior court to create the expansive entrance cour dhonneur, later copied all over Europe Monument of Louis XIV in the cour dhonneur The Château de Versailles —or simply Versailles— is a royal château, in Versailles, France. ... May 5 is the 125th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (126th in leap years). ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... In several different regions of medieval Europe, and continuing in some countries down to the present day, the Estates of the realm were broad divisions of society, usually distinguishing nobility, clergy, and commoners; this last group was, in some regions, further divided into burghers (also known as bourgeoisie) and peasants. ...

He soon rose to prominence in the National Assembly, becoming the friend of most of the leaders of the party originating in the Third Estate, and formed with Adrien Duport and Alexandre Lameth the group known during the Constituent Assembly as "the triumvirate". He took part in the conference on the claims of the three orders, drew up the first address to King Louis XVI, and supported the proposal of Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès that the Assembly should declare itself "National". Until 1791, he was one of the main members of the club known later as the Jacobins, of which he drew up the manifesto and first rulebook. During the French Revolution, the National Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale) was a transitional body between the Estates-General and the National Constituent Assembly that existed from June 17 to July 9 of 1789. ... Adrien Duport (1759 - 1798) was a French politician. ... Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth (October 20, 1760 - March 18, French soldier and politician. ... The National Constituent Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale constituante) was formed from the National Assembly on July 9, 1789, during the first stages of the French Revolution. ... The term triumvirate is commonly used to describe an alliance between three equally powerful political or military leaders. ... Kings ruled in France from the Middle Ages to 1848. ... Louis XVI, also called Louis August, Duke of Berry (born August 23, 1754 in Versailles; died January 21, 1793 in Paris) was King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then King of the French from 1791 to 1792. ... It has been suggested that Emmanuel J. Sièyes be merged into this article or section. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Jacobin Club was the most famous of the political clubs of the French Revolution. ... A manifesto is a public declaration of principles and intentions, often political in nature. ...

Views

Although a partisan of political freedoms, he hoped to preserve revolutionary liberties together while maintaining the ruling House of Bourbon. Subject to the more radical forces, Barnave took part in the attacks on the monarchy, on the clergy, on Roman Catholic Church property, and on the provincial Parlements. On several occasions he stood in opposition to Mirabeau. After the storming of the Bastille, he wished to save the throne. He advocated the suspensory veto, and the establishment of trial by jury in civil causes, but voted with the Left against the system of two chambers. Political freedom is the right, or the capacity, of self-determination as an expression of the individual will. ... The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house. ... Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given religion. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... Combatants French government Parisian militia (ancestor of Frances National Guard) Commanders Bernard-René de Launay† Prince de Lambesc Camille Desmoulins Strength 114 soldiers, 30 artillery pieces 600 - 1,000 insurgents Casualties 1 98 The Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 was an important symbolic development in the... The word veto comes from Latin and literally means I forbid. ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ...

His conflict with Mirabeau on the question of assigning to the King the right to make peace or war (from May 16 to 23, 1791) was one of the main episodes of the Assembly's mandate. In August 1790, after a vehement debate, he fought a duel with Jacques Antoine Marie de Cazalès, in which the latter was slightly wounded. About the close of October 1790, Barnave was called to the presidency of the Assembly. On the death of Mirabeau a few months later, Barnave paid a high tribute to his worth and public services, designating him the "William Shakespeare of oratory". The United Nations, with its headquarters in New York City, is the largest international diplomatic organization. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1790 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Jacques Antoine Marie de Cazalès (1758 - November 24, 1805), French orator and politician, was born at Grenade in Languedoc, of a family of the lower nobility. ... 1790 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

Downfall and execution

On the arrest of the king and the royal family during the Flight to Varennes, Barnave was one of the three appointed to conduct them back to Paris. During the journey, he began to feel compassion for Queen Marie-Antoinette, and subsequently attempted to do what he could to alleviate their sufferings. In one of his most powerful speeches, he maintained the inviolability of the king’s person. The Flight to Varennes (June 20-21, 1791) was a significant episode in the French Revolution during which the French royal family, faced with a decrease in royal authority, attempted unsuccessfully to escape abroad. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur Tossed by the waves, she does not founder Coordinates : , Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Département Paris (75) Région ÃŽle-de-France Mayor Bertrand Delanoë (PS) City (commune) Characteristics Land Area 86. ... Marie Antoinette Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna von Habsburg-Lothringen, usually known as Marie Antoinette; (2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793) was Queen of France and Archduchess of Austria. ... Sovereign immunity or crown immunity is a type of immunity that, in common law jurisdictions traces its origins from early English law. ...

Barnave led the Feuillants out of the Jacobin Club in early 1791, and their faction entered a conflict with the Girondistss after they opposed war with Habsburgs, and were driven out of the Assembly. His public career came to an end, and he returned to Grenoble at the beginning of 1792. His sympathy and relations with the royal family, to whom he had submitted a plan for a counter-revolution, and his desire to check the violence of the Revolution, brought on him suspicion of treason. Feuillant, a French word derived from the Latin for leaf, has been used as a tag by two different groups. ... The Jacobin Club was the most famous of the political clubs of the French Revolution. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Girondists (in French Girondins, and sometimes Brissotins), comprised a political faction in France within the Legislative Assembly and the National Convention during the French Revolution. ... The Habsburg Monarchy, often called Austrian Monarchy or simply Austria, are the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine, between 1526 and 1867/1918. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... A counterrevolutionary is anyone who opposes a revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it, in full or in part. ... In law, treason is the crime of disloyalty to ones nation or state. ...

He was denounced (August 15, 1792) in the Legislative Assembly, arrested and imprisoned for ten months at Grenoble, then transferred to Fort Barraux, and in November 1793 to Paris (during the Reign of Terror). On November 28 he appeared before the Revolutionary Tribunal. He was condemned on the evidence of papers found in the Tuileries Palace, and guillotined the next day, alongside Marguerite-Louis-François Duport-Dutertre. August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Reign of Terror (5 September 1793 – 28 July 1794) or simply The Terror (French: la Terreur) was a period in the French Revolution characterized by brutal repression. ... November 28 is the 332nd day (333rd on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The Revolutionary Tribunal (French: Tribunal révolutionnaire) was a court which was instituted in Paris by the Convention during the French Revolution for the trial of political offenders, and became one of the most powerful engines of the Terror. ... Tuileries Palace before 1871 - View from the Louvre courtyard Up to 1871 the Tuileries Palace was a palace in Paris, France, on the right bank of the River Seine. ... The Maiden, an older Scottish design. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. In turn, it cites the following reference:
  • Jules Gabriel Janin, Barnave (Paris, 1860)