General Anton Denikin's Volunteer Army and regional Armed forces after Armistice of Mudros

Anton Ivanovich Denikin (Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин) (December 16, 1872 – August 8, 1947) was Lieutenant General of the Imperial Russian Army (1916) and one of the foremost leading generals of the anti-Bolshevik White Russians in the civil war. December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... Anton Denikin on the day of his resignation. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... WÅ‚ocÅ‚awek (pronounce: [vÈ—oʦwavek]) is a town in central Poland on the Vistula river, with population of approximately 123 000. ... For the railroad company, see Ann Arbor Railroad. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 480 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (717 × 895 pixel, file size: 776 KB, MIME type: image/png) This image is in the public domain in the United States. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 480 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (717 × 895 pixel, file size: 776 KB, MIME type: image/png) This image is in the public domain in the United States. ... Anton Denikin on the day of his resignation in 1920 Anton Ivanovich Denikin (Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин) (December 16, 1872 - August 8, 1947) was a Russian army officer before and during... The Volunteer Army (Добровольческая армия in Russian, or Dobrovolcheskaya armiya) was a counterrevolutionary army in South Russia during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1920. ... The Armistice of Mudros (30 October 1918), which ended the hostilities on Middle Eastern theatre of World War I between Ottoman Empire and Allies, was signed by the Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey) and the British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe), on the aboard HMS Agamemnon in Moudros port... December 16 is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. ... White Army redirects here. ... Combatants Red Army (Bolsheviks) White Army (Monarchists, SRs, Anti-Communists) Green Army (Peasants and Nationalists) Black Army (Anarchists) Commanders Leon Trotsky Mikhail Tukhachevsky Semyon Budyonny Lavr Kornilov, Alexander Kolchak, Anton Denikin, Pyotr Wrangel Alexander Antonov, Nikifor Grigoriev Nestor Makhno Strength 5,427,273 (peak) +1,000,000 Casualties 939,755...

Born in in Shpetal Dolnyi village near the Polish city Włocławek (then part of the Russian empire), the son of a minor army officer, Denikin's skill and relentless ambition would soon see him tread a remarkable path^{[peacock term]}. He was educated at the Kiev Military School and the Academy of the General Staff, and first saw active service during the 1905 Russo-Japanese War. WÅ‚ocÅ‚awek (pronounce: [vÈ—oʦwavek]) is a town in central Poland on the Vistula river, with population of approximately 123 000. ... The General Staff Academy (Russian: ) was a Russian military academy, established in 1832 in St. ... Combatants Russian Empire Montenegro Empire of Japan Commanders Emperor Nicholas II Aleksey Kuropatkin Stepan Makarov† Emperor Meiji Oyama Iwao Heihachiro Togo Greater Manchuria, Russian (outer) Manchuria is region to upper right in lighter Red; Liaodong Peninsula is the wedge extending into the Yellow Sea The Russo–Japanese War (February 10...

Denikin's father, Ivan Efimovich Denikin, was a serf peasant born in 1807 in Saratov region. In 1834 a landlord sent Ivan as a recruit to do 25 years of military service. Ivan Denikin became an officer on the 22nd year of his army service, in 1856, after passing an exam. He retired from the army in 1869 with the rank of a Major. Costumes of Slaves or Serfs, from the Sixth to the Twelfth Centuries, collected by H. de Vielcastel, from original Documents in the great Libraries of Europe. ... Saratov (Russian: ) is a major city in southern European Russia. ...

By the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 Denikin was a Major General and in command of the Kiev military district. He joined the Eighth Army initially as Deputy Chief of Staff in September and was sent to Galicia commanding the 4th Rifle Brigade. “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Coat-of-arms of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria Galicia (Ukrainian: , Polish: , Russian: , German: , Hungarian: , Czech: , Yiddish: , Turkish: , Romanian: ) is an historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine. ...

In 1916 he was appointed to command the VIII Corps and lead troops in Romania during the last successful Russian campaign of the war, the Brusilov Offensive. Following the February Revolution and the overthrow of the Czar he became Chief of Staff to Mikhail Alekseev, then Aleksei Brusilov, and finally Lavr Georgevich Kornilov. Denikin supported the attempted coup of his commander, the Kornilov Affair, in September 1917 and was arrested and imprisoned with him. After this Alekseev would be reappointed commander-in-Chief. Combatants Russian Empire Austria-Hungary German Empire Commanders Aleksei Brusilov Conrad von Hötzendorf Alexander von Linsingen Strength 40+ infantry divisions (573,000 men) 15 cavalry divisions (60,000 men) 39 infantry divisions (437,000 men) 10 Cavalry divisions (30,000 men) Casualties 500,000+ men killed or wounded 975... The February Revolution (N.S.: March Revolution) of 1917 in Russia was the first stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917. ... General Mikhail Alekseev Mikhail Vasiliyevich Alekseeev (Russian: Алексеев, Михаил Васильевич) (November 3, 1857 — September 25, 1918) was a Russian military officer before and during World War I, and one of the leaders of counterrevolutionary forces in 1917-1918. ... General Brusilov at 64 (1917) Aleksei Alekseevich Brusilov (Russian: Алексей Алексеевич Брусилов) (August 19, 1853 - March 17, 1926) was a Russian cavalry general most noted for the development of a military offensive tactic used in the Brusilov offensive of 1916. ... Lavr Georgiyevich Kornilov (Russian: Лавр Георгиевич Корнилов) (July 18, 1870–April 13, 1918) was a Russian army general best known for the Kornilov Affair, an unsuccessful military coup he staged against Kerenskys Provisional Government during the 1917 Russian Revolution. ... The Kornilov Affair was a confused struggle between General Lavr Kornilov and Aleksandr Kerensky in August/September, 1917, in between the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the October Revolution. ...

Following the October Revolution both Denikin and Kornilov escaped to Novocherkassk in southern Russia and, with other Tsarist officers, formed the Volunteer Army, initially commanded by Alekseev. “Red October” redirects here. ... Roads leading to Novocherkassk are graced by triumphal arches, erected to commemorate the Cossack victory over Napoleon. ... The Volunteer Army (Добровольческая армия in Russian, or Dobrovolcheskaya armiya) was a counterrevolutionary army in South Russia during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1920. ...

Kornilov was killed in April 1918 near Ekaterinodar and the Volunteer Army came under Denikin's command. There was some sentiment to place Grand Duke Nicholas in overall command, but Denikin was not interested in sharing power. In the face of a Communist counter-offensive he withdrew his forces back towards the Don area. Denikin led one final assault of the southern White forces in their final push to capture Moscow in the summer of 1919. Overstretched, his army was decisively defeated at Orel in October, some 400km south of Moscow. The White forces in southern Russia would be in constant retreat thereafter, eventually reaching the Crimea in March 1920. Krasnodar (Russian, Краснодар) is a city in Southern Russia on the Kuban River, and is the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai (Krasnodar region, also known as Kuban, Russian Кубань). Population (census 2004): 653,300. ... Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich Grand Duke Nikolai (Nicholas) Nikolayevich Romanov (Russian: Николай Николаевич Романов (младший - the younger)) (6 November 1856 - 5 January 1929) was a Russian general in World War I. A grandson of Nicholas I of Russia, he was commander in chief of the Russian armies on the main... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2007)    - Density 10,469,000   9684. ... Orel or Oryol (Орёл) is a city in Russia, administrative center of the Oryol Oblast. ... Motto: Процветание в единстве - Prosperity in unity Anthem: Нивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина - Your fields and mounts are wonderful, Motherland Location of Crimea (red) on the map of Ukraine. ...

As a commander-in-chief Denikin was devoted to restoring law and civil liberties in the areas under his control. His government did not have the time necessary to implement expected land reform aimed at gaining support of small landowners -- although his successor, Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel, would carry out those reforms. Baron Wrangel At a prayer vigil upon accepting command. ...

The Whites under Denikin have a disputed record with regard to Russia's Jews. Despite Denikin's strict orders, various White forces (cossacks in particular) were most likely responsible for some pogroms against the Jewish population of Ukraine and Russia. Pogroms were fueled in part by Jewish support of the Bolsheviks and their participation in the Red administration's repressive organizations, such as the Cheka. According to Nahum Gergel's 1951 study of the pogroms in Ukraine (quoted by Solzhenitsin in his book "Two Hundred Years Together"), out of an estimated 887 pogroms, only 17% were committed by the White Army, mostly while under Denikin's command. However, it should be noted that forces nominally under Denikin's command were frequently effectively not under his control, and it is those forces most associated with the pogroms. As a leader of the Whites, Denikin is often criticized for failing to establish adequate discipline and control over his far flung troops; Denikin himself saw this as one of his greatest mistakes. However, given the chaotic circumstances of the Russian Civil War it is uncertain exactly how much control he could reasonably have been expected to achieve with the means at his disposal. This article needs cleanup. ... Pogrom (from Russian: ; from громить IPA: - to wreak havoc, to demolish violently) is a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious or other, and characterized by destruction of their homes, businesses and religious centers. ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... Bolshevik Party Meeting. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... ...

Denikin resigned his post in April in favor of Wrangel and left by ship across the Black Sea to Constantinople. He spent a few months in England, then moved to Belgium, and later to Hungary. NASA satellite image of the Black Sea Map of the Black Sea The Black Sea is an inland sea between southeastern Europe and Anatolia that is actually a distant arm of the Atlantic Ocean by way of the Mediterranean Sea. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem God Save the King (Queen) England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification  -  by Athelstan 967  Area...

From 1926 Denikin lived in France. Although he continued to remain bitterly opposed to Russia's Communist government, he chose to remain discreetly on the periphery of exile politics, spending most of his time writing and lecturing. However, this did not prevent the Soviets from unsuccessfully targeting him for abduction in the same effort that snared exile General A.P. Kutepov in 1930 and later General E.K. Miller in 1937. White Against Red - The Life of General Anton Denikin gives possibly the definitive account of the intrigues during these early Soviet "wet-ops."

With the fall of France in 1940, Denikin left Paris in order to avoid imprisonment by the Germans. Although he was eventually captured, he declined all attempts to co-opt him for use in Nazi anti-Soviet propaganda. The Germans did not press the matter and Denikin was allowed to remain in rural exile. Although not formally part of the resistance, his activities would certainly have been sufficient to cause his arrest had they been fully known to the Nazi authorities.^{[citation needed]} Diary entries kept by his wife during this period also make it clear that he was appalled by Nazi anti-Semitism, a fact that may shed light on his actual attitude towards the pogroms of the Russian Civil War.

At the conclusion of the war, correctly anticipating their likely fate at the hands of Stalin's Soviet Union, Denikin attempted to persuade the Western Allies not to forcibly repatriate Soviet POWs. He was largely unsuccessful in his effort.

From 1945 until his death in 1947, Denikin lived in the United States, in New York City. On August 8, 1947, at the age of 74, Denikin died while vacationing near Ann Arbor, Michigan. New York, NY redirects here. ... Ann Arbor is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan. ...

General Denikin was buried with military honors in Detroit. His remains were later transferred to St. Vladimir's Cemetery in Jackson, New Jersey. His wife, Xenia Vasilievna Chizh, was buried at Saint Genevieve de Bois cemetery near Paris. Jackson Township is a township located in Ocean County, New Jersey. ... Russian cemetery at Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois Cemetery, specifically the one known as Cimetière de Liers, as there are two cemeteries in the city, is a Russian Orthodox cemetery, located on Rue Léo Lagrange in Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, département... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ...

His daughter Marina Denikina applied for and was granted Russian citizenship in 2005. On October 3, 2005, in accordance with the wishes of his daughter and by authority of President Vladimir Putin of Russia the remains of General Denikin were transferred from the United States and buried at the Donskoy Monastery in Moscow. Marina Denikina died November 17, 2005, at her home in Versailles, near Paris. Marina Antonovna Denikina (pen name: Marina Grey) (1919 - 2005) - daughter of Russian general Denikin, leader of the anti-bolshevik White Russians in the civil war. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 3 is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: ) (born October 7, 1952) is the incumbent President of Russia. ... Our Lady of the Don, by Theophanes the Greek. ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2007)    - Density 10,469,000   9684. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Versailles (pronounced in French), formerly de facto capital of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important administrative and judicial center. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) Paris Eiffel tower as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ...

References

1. Anton Ivanovich Denikin. Biographies. Answers Corporation, 2006. Answers.com 01 May. 2007. http://www.answers.com/topic/anton-ivanovich-denikin
2. The standard reference is Dimitry V. Lehovich, White Against Red - the Life of General Anton Denikin, New York, W.W. Norton, 1974. This book is also available in Russian in two versions: then abridged text is Belye Protiv Krasnykh, Moscow, Voskresenie publishers, 1992. The second, unabridged, is Denikin - Zhizn' Russkogo Ofitsera, Moscow, Evrasia publishers, 2004.
3. Grey M. Bourdier J. Les Armes blanches. Paris, 1968
4. Grey M. La campagne de glace. Paris. 1978
5. Grey M. Mon père le géneral Denikine. Paris, 1985
6. Kenez P. Civil War in South Russia. 1917-1920. The defeat of the Whites. Berkeley, 1972
7. Kenez P. Civil War in South Russia. 1918. The first Year of the Voluntary Army. Berkeley,Los Angeles, 1971
8. Luckett R. The White Generals: An Account of the White Movement in the South Russia. L., 1971
9. Additional reference: Ukraine: a History by Orest Subtelny
10. (Russian) Ипполитов Г. М. Деникин — М.: Молодая гвардия, 2006 (серия ЖЗЛ) ISBN 5-235-02885-6

Denikin's works

Denikin wrote several books, including The Russian Turmoil (5 volumes), Old Army, The Career of a Tsarist Officer: Memoirs, 1872-1916 and The Road of a Russian Officer (unfinished, published posthumously in 1953).

See also the list of references in Russian edition of Wikipedia.