Julia Antonia Cretica Minor ("the younger") (31 January 36 BC - September/October 37 AD) or Antonia the Younger or simply known as Antonia. Antonius (fem. ... January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 80s BC 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC - 30s BC - 20s BC 10s BC 0s 10s 20s Years: 41 BC 40 BC 39 BC 38 BC 37 BC 36 BC 35 BC 34 BC 33 BC 32 BC... Events March 18 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius will and proclaims Caligula Roman Emperor. ...

Antonia is one of the most prominent Roman women. She is celebrated for her virtue and beauty. She is the youngest daughter to Octavia Thurina Minor and Mark Antony and is also the youngest and favourite niece of her mother’s youngest brother Rome’s first Emperor Caesar Augustus. antonia minor, daughter of mark antony, mother of claudius, national museum, naples, italy The copyright status of this vintage image is undetermined; it may still be copyrighted. ... Octavia was the name of three women of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty of ancient Rome: two were sisters of Augustus Caesar, and the younger was the daughter of Claudius and wife of Nero. ... Bust of Mark Antony Marcus Antonius (Latin: M·ANTONIVS·M·F·M·N¹) (ca. ... The famous statue of Octavian at the Prima Porta Caesar Augustus (Latin:IMP·CAESAR·DIVI·F·AVGVSTVS) ¹ (23 September 63 BC–19 August AD 14), known to modern historians as Octavian for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, is considered the first and one of the most...

She born in Athens, Greece and after 36BC was brought to Rome by her mother and her siblings. Antonia never had the chance to know her father, who divorced her mother in 32BC and committed suicide in 30BC. She was raised by her mother, her uncle and her aunt Livia Drusilla. Livia Livia Drusa Augusta, Livia Drusilla, or Julia Augusta (58 BC-AD 29) was the wife of Caesar Augustus and the most powerful woman in Roman history, acting several times as regent and being Augustus faithful advisor. ...

In 16BC, she married the Roman General and Consul Nero Claudius Drusus. Drusus was her uncle’s step-son, second son to Livia Drusilla and brother to future Emperor Tiberius. They had several children, only 3 survived. Their children were the famous general Germanicus Caesar, Livilla and the Roman Emperor Claudius. Antonia was the grandmother to Emperor Caligula, Empress Agrippina the Younger and great-grandmother and great-aunty to Emperor Nero. Drusus died in June 9BC in Germany from horse injuries. After his death, although pressured by her uncle to remarry, she never did. Bust of Nero Claudius Drusus, in the Musée du Cinquantinaire, Brussels Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus, born Decimus Claudius Drusus and variously called Drusus, Drusus I or Drusus the Elder (38 - 9 BC) was the younger son of Livia, wife of Augustus Caesar, and her first husband, Tiberius Claudius Nero... Bust of Germanicus in the Louvre Germanicus Julius Caesar Claudianus, possibly Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus before adoption (15 BC–AD 19) was a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty of the early Roman Empire. ... Claudia Livia Julia, also known as Livilla or Julia Livilla the Elder (circa 13 BC–AD 31) was the only daughter of Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia. ... A statue of Emperor Claudius Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (August 1, 10 BC–October 13, 54), previously Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus, was the fourth Roman Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from January 24, 41 to his death in 54. ... Gaius Caesar Germanicus Gaius Julius Caesar Germanicus (August 31, 12 – January 24, 41), most commonly known as Caligula, was the third Roman Emperor and third member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from 37 to 41. ... Julia Vipsania Agrippina Minor or Agrippina Minor (Latin for the younger) (November 7, AD 15 – March 59), often called Agrippinilla to distinguish her from her mother, was the daughter of Germanicus and Agrippina Major. ... A statue of Nero Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (December 15, 37–June 9, 68), born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, also called (50–54) Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus, was the fifth and last Roman Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty. ...

Antonia raised her children in Rome and had Tiberius as their guardian. Germanicus died in 19AD. On the orders of Tiberius and Livia Drusilla was forbidden to go to his funeral. When Livia Drusilla died in June 29AD, she took care of Caligula, Julia Drusilla, Julia Livilla and later Claudia Antonia, her younger grandchildren. A bust of younger Emperor Tiberius For the city in Israel, see Tiberias. ... Julia Drusilla (39 AD-41 AD) was the only child and daughter of Roman Emperor Gaius (Caligula) and his fourth and last wife Caesonia. ... Claudia Julia Livilla Minor (September 18-42 AD) was the youngest child of Agrippina the Elder and Germanicus. ... Antonia (30 -66 ad) was Claudius only child to his second marriage to Aelia Paetina. ...

Antonia in 31AD, exposed a plot by her daughter Livilla and Tiberius’ notorious Praetorian Prefect Sejanus to murder the Emperor Tiberius and Caligula, to seize the throne for themselves. Sejanus was murdered on Tiberius’ orders and Livilla was handed over to her mother. Cassius Dio, states Antonia imprisoned Livilla in her room and allowed her to starve to death. Claudia Livia Julia, also known as Livilla or Julia Livilla the Elder (circa 13 BC–AD 31) was the only daughter of Nero Claudius Drusus and Antonia. ... Lucius Aelius Seianus (or Sejanus) (20 BC– October 18, 31 AD) was an ambitious soldier, friend and confidant of Tiberius, and for a time the most influential and feared citizen of Rome. ... Dio Cassius Cocceianus (155–after 229), known in English as Dio Cassius or Cassius Dio, was a noted Roman historian and public servant. ...

Her only child left was Claudius. Due to his constant illnesses and physical disabilities, she would constantly put him down. She would say ‘a monster: a man whom nature had not finished but had merely begun’ or accused anyone of stupidity, would exclaim, ‘he is a bigger fool even than my son Claudius!’.

Due to inheritances, she owned properties in Italy, Greece and Egypt. She was a wealthy and influential woman who often received people, who were visiting Rome. Antonia had many male friends and they included wealthy Jewish freeman Tiberius Drusus Alexander and Lucius Vitellius I, a consul and father of future Emperor Aulus Vitellius. Lucius Vitellius was the name of two politicians of the early Roman Empire, father and son. ... Aulus Vitellius Germanicus (September 24 AD 15–December 22, 69) was Roman Emperor from April 17 69 to December 22 of the same year, one of the emperors in the Year of the four emperors. He was the son of Lucius Vitellius, who had been consul and governor of Syria...

When Tiberius died, Caligula became Emperor in March 37AD. Caligula awarded her with a senatorial decree, for all the honors, that Livia Drusilla received in her lifetime. She was also offered the title of ‘Augusta’ but rejected this.

Six months into his reign, Caligula became seriously ill and never recovered. Antonia would often offer him advice. He once told her, ‘I can treat anyone exactly as I please!’.

Having enough of Caligula’s anger at her criticisms and his behaviour she committed suicide. Suetonius’ Caligula, Clause 23, mentions how he might have poison her.

‘When his grandmother Antonia asked for a private interview, he refused it except in the presence of the praefect Macro, and by such indignities and annoyances he caused her death; although some think that he also gave her poison. After she was dead, he paid her no honour, but viewed her burning pyre from his dining-room.’

When Claudius became Emperor, after his nephew’s assassination in 41AD, he gave her mother the title of ‘Augusta’. Her birthday became a public holiday, which had yearly games and public sacrifices held. An image of her was paraded in a carriage.

Antonia is one of the main characters in the novel and television series I Claudius. I, Claudius is a novel by Robert Graves, (ISBN 067972477X) first published in 1934, dealing sympathetically with the life of the Roman Emperor Claudius and the history of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty and Roman Empire, from Julius Caesars assassination in 44 BC to Caligulas assassination in 41 AD...

Sources:

• Plutarch - Antony
• Suetonius - Caligula (Gaius) & Claudius
• Tacitus - Annals of Imperial Rome

External links

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