 The Antonine Wall, looking east, from Barr Hill between Twechar and Croy
 The Antonine Wall, remains of Roman fortlet, Barr Hill, near Twechar
 Location of Hadrian's Wall and the Antonine Wall in Scotland and Northern England. The Antonine Wall is a stone and turf fortification, built by the Romans across what is now the central belt of Scotland. It is also known sometimes as Graham's Dyke, this name is locally explained as a legend of a victorious assault on the defences by one Robert Graeme. The branches of the Roman military at the highest level were the Roman army and the Roman navy. ...
The Roman army is the set of land-based military forces employed by the Roman Kingdom, Roman republic and later Roman empire as part of the Roman military. ...
This is a list of both unit types and ranks of the Roman army from the Roman Republic to the fall of the Roman Empire. ...
This is a list of Roman legions. ...
// Manius Acilius Glabrio -- Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 191 BC) -- Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 91) -- Titus Aebutius Helva -- Aegidius -- Lucius Aemilius Barbula -- Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir) -- Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus -- Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (praetor 56 BC) -- Flavius Aëtius -- Lucius Afranius (consul) -- Sextus Calpurnius Agricola -- Gnaeus Julius Agricola -- Flavius Antoninus -- Marcus...
The Roman Navy (Latin: Classis) operated between the First Punic war and the end of the Western Roman Empire. ...
The Roman Navy (Latin: Classis) operated between the First Punic war and the end of the Western Roman Empire. ...
Root directory at Military history of ancient Rome Ancient Rome was a state whose history was often closely entwined with its military history over the roughly 13 centuries that the Roman state existed. ...
The following is a List of Roman wars fought by the ancient Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire, organized by date. ...
The following is a List of Roman battles (fought by the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire), organized by date. ...
As with most other military forces the Roman military adopted a carrot and stick approach to military, with an extensive list of decorations for military gallantry and likewise a range of punishments for the punishment of military transgressions. ...
Root directory at Military history of ancient Rome From sticks and stones to ballistae and quinquiremes. ...
Roman military engineering is that Roman engineering carried out by the Roman Army - almost exclusively by the Roman legions for the furthering of military objectives. ...
Basic ideal plan of a Roman castrum. ...
Roman siege engines were, for the most part, adapted from Hellenistic siege technology. ...
List of ancient Roman triumphal arches (By modern country) // France Orange Reims: Porte de Mars Saint Rémy de Provence: Roman site of Glanum Saintes: Arch of Germanicus Greece Arch of Galerius, Thessaloniki Hadrians Arch, Athens Italy It has been suggested that List of Roman arches in Rome be...
A Roman road in Pompeii Road Construction on Trajans Column The Roman roads were essential for the growth of their empire, by enabling them to move armies. ...
Roman military personal equipment was not of a better quality than that used by the majority of its adversaries[1]. It was however produced in large numbers to established patterns and used in an established way. ...
Root directory at Military history of ancient Rome Romes military was always tightly keyed to its political system. ...
The strategy of the Roman military encompasses its grand strategy (the arrangements made by the state to implement its political goals through a selection of military goals, a process of diplomacy backed by threat of military action, and a dedication to the military of part of its production and resources...
Root directory at Strategy of the Roman military Roman infantry tactics refers to the theoretical and historical deployment, formation and manouvers of the Roman infantry from the start of the Roman Republic to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. ...
Map of all the territories once occupied by the Roman Empire, along with locations of limes Roman military borders and fortifications were part of a grand strategy of territorial defense in the Roman Empire. ...
The limes Germanicus, 2nd century. ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Antonine. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Antonine. ...
Croy is a village in North Lanarkshire (previously in East Dunbartonshire), Scotland. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Antonine. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Antonine. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x995, 287 KB) This map shows the location of Hadrians Wall and the Antonine Wall in Scotland and Northern England. ...
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x995, 287 KB) This map shows the location of Hadrians Wall and the Antonine Wall in Scotland and Northern England. ...
Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...
Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...
The rocky side of a mountain creek near OrosÃ, Costa Rica. ...
Rolled sod Sod is turd and the part of the soil beneath it held together by the roots, or a piece of this material. ...
Table of Fortification, from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ...
The Roman Empire is the name given to both the domain obtained by the city-state of Rome and also the corresponding phase of that civilization, characterized by an autocratic form of government. ...
The Central Belt of Scotland is a common term used to describe the area of highest population density within Scotland. ...
Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy - Queen Queen Elizabeth II - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification - by Kenneth I...
Construction
Construction of the Antonine Wall began in 142, during the reign of Antoninus Pius, by Quintus Lollius Urbicus and was completed in 144. The wall stretches 60 kilometres (37 miles) from Old Kilpatrick in West Dunbartonshire on the Firth of Clyde to Bo'ness, Falkirk, on the Firth of Forth. The wall was intended to replace Hadrian's Wall 160 km (100 miles) to the south, as the frontier of Britannia, but while the Romans did establish temporary forts and camps north of the wall, they did not conquer the Caledonians, and the Antonine Wall suffered many attacks. The Romans called the land north of the wall Caledonia, though in some contexts the term may mean the area north of Hadrian's Wall. Events Construction of the Antonine Wall began in Scotland. ...
Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus Pius (September 19, 86–March 7, 161) was Roman emperor from 138 to 161. ...
An early act of the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius was to appoint Quintus Lollius Urbicus as governor of Roman Britain in AD 138. ...
Events Change of Patriarch of Constantinople from Patriarch Polycarpus II to Patriarch Athendodorus Change of era name from Hanan (3rd year) to Jiankang era of the Chinese Han Dynasty Change of emperor from Han Shundi to Han Chongdi of the Chinese Han Dynasty Marcion of Sinope is excommunicated; a sect...
km redirects here. ...
A mile is a unit of length, usually used to measure distance, in a number of different systems, including Imperial units, United States customary units and Swedish/Norwegian mil. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
West Dunbartonshire (Siorrachd Dhùn Bhreatainn an Iar in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary authority areas in Scotland. ...
Map of the Firth of Clyde and area The Firth of Clyde forms a large area of coastal water, sheltered from the Atlantic ocean by the Kintyre peninsula which encloses the outer firth in Argyll and Ayrshire, Scotland. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Falkirk (an Eaglais Bhreac in Gaelic) is one of the 32 council areas in Scotland. ...
The Firth of Forth from Calton Hill The Forth Bridges cross the Firth Satellite photo of the Firth and the surrounding area The Firth of Forth (Abhainn Dhubh [Black River] in Scottish Gaelic) is the estuary or firth of Scotlands River Forth, where it flows into the North Sea...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Principal sites in Roman Britain Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between 43 and 410. ...
// The Caledonians (Latin: Caledonii) or Caledonian Confederacy, is a name given by historians to a group of the indigenous Picts of Scotland during the Iron Age. ...
Caledonia is the Latin name, given by the Roman Empire to a northern area of the island of Great Britain. ...
The Antonine Wall was inferior to Hadrian's Wall in terms of scale and construction, but it was still an impressive achievement, considering that it was completed in only two years, at the northern edge of the Roman empire in what they perceived as a cold and hostile land. The wall was typically an earth bank, about four metres high, with a wide ditch on the north side, and a military way or road on the south. The Romans initially planned to build forts every six miles, but this was soon revised to every two miles, resulting in a total of 19 forts along the wall. The best preserved but also one of the smallest forts is Rough Castle Fort. What exactly constitutes an Empire (from the Latin imperium, denoting military command within the ancient Roman government) is a topic of intense debate within the scholarly community. ...
Ditches at the Ouse Washes nature reserve. ...
A Roman road in Pompeii Road Construction on Trajans Column The Roman roads were essential for the growth of their empire, by enabling them to move armies. ...
A section of the Antonine Wall just to the west of the fort. ...
Wall abandoned The wall was abandoned after only twenty years, when the Roman legions withdrew to Hadrian's Wall in 164, and over time reached an accommodation with the Brythonic tribes of the area who they fostered as the buffer states which would later become "The Old North". After a series of attacks in 197, Emperor Septimius Severus arrived in Scotland in 208 to secure the frontier, and repaired parts of the wall. Although this re-occupation only lasted a few years, the wall is sometimes referred to (by later Roman historians) as the Severan Wall. The Roman legion (from Latin , from lego, legere, legi, lectus — to collect) is a term that can apply both as a transliteration of legio (conscription or army) to the entire Roman army and also, more narrowly (and more commonly), to the heavy infantry that was the basic military unit of...
Events Ctesiphon is captured by the Romans, but returned to the Parthians after the end of the war. ...
The Brythonic languages (or Brittonic languages) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family. ...
A buffer state is a country lying between two rival or potentially hostile greater Powers that by its sheer existence is thought to prevent conflict between them. ...
Yr Hen Ogledd or The Old North. Part of northern Britain before the Anglo-Gaelic conquest The Hen Ogledd, or Yr Hen Ogledd, is an Old Welsh term meaning The Old North which refers to the sub-Roman Brythonic kingdoms of what is now northern England and southern Scotland. ...
Events Roman Emperor Septimius Severus sacks Ctesiphon and captures an enormous number of its inhabitants as slaves. ...
Lucius Septimius Severus (b. ...
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The Antonine Wall, looking east, from Barr Hill between Twechar and Croy The Antonine Wall is a stone and turf fortification, built by the Romans across lowland Scotland. ...
Although most of the wall has been destroyed over time, sections of the wall can still be seen in Bearsden, Kirkintilloch, Twechar, Croy, Falkirk and Polmont. Bearsden (pronounced Bears den []) is a suburb located in the northwestern outskirts of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. ...
Kirkintilloch is a Scottish burgh which lies on the line of the Roman Antonine Wall in East Dunbartonshire, about 8 miles north-east of Glasgow. ...
Twechar is a small former mining village in East Dunbartonshire (grid reference NS696756). ...
Croy is a village in North Lanarkshire (previously in East Dunbartonshire), Scotland. ...
Falkirk is a town in Scotland, in the district of Falkirk. ...
Polmont lies approximately 4 miles (6. ...
It is a putative World Heritage Site [1]. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State...
Grim's dyke In medieval histories, such as the chronicles of John of Fordun, the wall is called Gryme's dyke. Fordun says that the name came from the grandfather of the imaginary king Eugenius son of Farquahar. This was corrupted into Graham's dyke—a name still found in Bo'ness at the wall's eastern end—and then linked with Clan Graham. John of Fordun (d. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Clan Graham is a Scottish clan who had territories in both the Scottish Highlands and Lowlands. ...
This name is the same one found as Grim's Ditch several times in England in connection with early ramparts: for example, near Wallingford in south Oxfordshire or between Berkhampstead (Herts) and Bradenham (Bucks). Map sources for Wallingford at grid reference SU6089 Wallingford is a small town in Oxfordshire in southern England. ...
Arms of Berkhamsted Town Council The walls of Berkhamsted Castle Berkhamsted is a historic town of some 19,000 people. ...
Bradenham is the name of more than one place. ...
Grim is presumed to be a byname for Odin or Wode, who might be credited with the wish to build earthworks in unreasonably short periods of time. By antiquaries the Graham's Dyke is usually styled the Wall of Pius or the Antonine Vallum, after the emperor Antoninus Pius, in whose reign it was constructed. For other meanings of Odin, Woden or Wotan see Odin (disambiguation), Woden (disambiguation), Wotan (disambiguation). ...
Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Arrius Antoninus Pius (September 19, 86–March 7, 161) was Roman emperor from 138 to 161. ...
In a Scottish context, Grim is also found as a variant of the name Giric, a name borne by an obscure king Giric mac Dúngail of the late 9th century, to whom many great victories were attributed in medieval times. Giric, King of Picts and Scots (ruled 878–889 ?). The sources for the succession in what (c. ...
World Heritage Status The UK government's nomination of the Antonine Wall for World Heritage status to the international conservation body Unesco was announced in late January 2007.
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