Antonio López de Santa Anna

Antonio López de Santa Anna Pérez de Lebrón (sometimes spelled de Santa Ana) (February 21, 1794 - 21 June 1876) was a Mexican general and dictator. Antonio López de Santa Anna, mid 19th century painting. ... Antonio López de Santa Anna, mid 19th century painting. ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events February 11 - 1st session of the United States Senate is open to the public. ... June 21 is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 193 days remaining. ... 1876 is a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The United Mexican States or Mexico ( Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos or México; regarding the use of the variant spelling Méjico, see section The name below) is a country located in North America, bordered to the north by the United States of America, to the southeast by Guatemala and Belize, to... Dictator was the title of a magistrate in ancient Rome appointed by the Senate to rule the state in times of emergency. ...

Antonio López was born to lower-middle class parents in Xalapa, his father a minor official in the Spanish bureaucracy, while Mexico was still the colony of New Spain. He joined the military, where he rose to the rank of lieutenant, at first taking part in attempts by the Spanish military to put down Mexican revolt, then switching sides and declaring loyalty to Agustín de Iturbide. Xalapa, sometimes spelled Jalapa, is the capital city of the Mexican state of Veracruz. ... Flag of New Spain New Spain (in the Spanish language Nueva España) was the name given to the Spanish colonial territory in North America from c. ... The Kingdom of Spain or Spain ( Spanish: Reino de España or España; Catalan: Regne dEspanya; Basque: Espainiako Erresuma; Galician: Reino da España) is a country located in the southwest of Europe. ... Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu ( September 27, 1783 – July 19, 1824) was Emperor of Mexico from 1822 to 1823. ...

He rose to prominence by driving the Spanish forces out of the port city of Veracruz in 1821. Iturbide rewarded him with the rank of General and appointed him Governor of Veracruz. In 1823, however, Santa Anna was among the military leaders supporting the Plan de Casa Mata to overthrow Iturbide and declare Mexico a Republic. Veracruz is the name of a city and a state in Mexico. ... Events February 23 - The Philadelphia College of Apothecaries founds the first pharmacy college. ... Events July 15 - San Paolo fuori le Mura church in Rome almost completely destroyed by fire September 10 - Peru December 2 - US President James Monroe delivers a speech to the U.S. Congress, announcing a new policy of forbidding European interference in the Americas and establishing American neutrality in future... The Plan de Casa Mata was formulated to finish with the monarchy in Mexico and to establish the republic. ... In a broad definition a republic is a state or country that is led by people that dont found their power status on any principle beyond the control of the people living in that state or country. ...

In 1829 Spain made its final attempt to retake Mexico, landing a force of 3,000 soldiers at Tampico. Santa Anna marched against them with a smaller force and defeated the Spaniards, many of whom were suffering from yellow fever. Santa Anna was declared a hero, which he much relished, and from then on he entitled himself The Victor of Tampico and The Savior of the Fatherland. Events January 8 - Hanging of body-selling murderer William Burke - his associate William Hare, who testified against him, is released January 19 - Johann Wolfgang von Goethes Faust premieres March 4 - Andrew Jackson succeeds John Quincy Adams as the President of the United States of America. ... El Puente Tampico (finished in October 1988) links the states of Tamaulipas and Veracruz and is a major element in the Gulf of Mexico highway system. ... Yellow fever (also called black vomit or sometimes The American Plague) is an acute viral disease. ... This article is about the type of character. ...

Santa Anna declared himself retired, "unless my country needs me". He decided he was needed when Anastasio Bustamante led a coup overthrowing and killing President Vicente Guerrero. Anastasio Bustamante (1780-1853) was President of Mexico from 1832 to 1833 and then from 1839 to 1841. ... Seal of the Office of the President of Mexico The President of Mexico is the head of state of Mexico. ... Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña (10 August 1782 – 14 February 1831) was one of the leaders of Mexicos struggle for independence from Spain and an early President of Mexico. ...

Santa Anna seized power in the confusion and then was elected President in 1833. At first he had little interest in actually running the country, giving a free hand to his vice-president Valentín Gómez Farías, a liberal reformer. Events January 3, Britain seizes control of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. ... Valentín Gómez Farías (1781-1858) was twice acting president of Mexico in the 1830s and 1840s. ...

Gómez Farías worked hard to root out corruption, which stepped on some powerful toes among the military and wealthy landowners. When these voiced their displeasure, Santa Anna dismissed Gómez Farías, declared the Constitution suspended, disbanded the Congress, and worked to concentrate power in the central government. This was applauded by some conservatives but met with considerable disapproval from other sectors.

The Texas part of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas went into rebellion in late 1835 declared itself independent in March 1836 (see Texas Revolution and Republic of Texas); Santa Anna marched north to bring the rebellious province back under his control. His forces defeated the Texans at the Battle of the Alamo, but Santa Anna was in turn defeated at the Battle of San Jacinto. Santa Anna himself was captured by separatist forces the day after the battle on April 22, 1836. Santa Anna was forced to allow Texan independence, on the condition that Texas would remain independent and not accede to the USA. Back in Mexico City, a new government declared that Santa Anna was no longer President. State nickname: Lone Star State Other U.S. States Capital Austin Largest city Houston Governor Rick Perry Official languages None Area 696,241 km² (2nd)  - Land 678,907 km²  - Water 17,333 km² (2. ... Coahuila y Tejas (or Coahuila and Texas) was one of the constituent states of the newly established United Mexican States under its 1824 Constitution. ... 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Events January - Book by Maria Monk claims that she was sexually exploited in a Canadian convent February 3 - United States Whig Party holds its first convention in Albany, New York. ... The Texas Revolution was a war fought between Mexico and the people of the territory that was to become the Republic of Texas. ... Alternative use: Republic of Texas (group) Republic of Texas. ... Battle of the Alamo Conflict Texas Revolution (against Mexico) Date February 23_March 6, 1836 Place San Antonio, Texas Result Mexican victory The Battle of the Alamo was a battle between Mexican and Texian forces during the Texas Revolution that took place at the Alamo mission in San Antonio in February... The Battle of San Jacinto, the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution, took place on April 21, 1836. ... April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (113th in leap years). ... Events January - Book by Maria Monk claims that she was sexually exploited in a Canadian convent February 3 - United States Whig Party holds its first convention in Albany, New York. ... State nickname: Lone Star State Other U.S. States Capital Austin Largest city Houston Governor Rick Perry Official languages None Area 696,241 km² (2nd)  - Land 678,907 km²  - Water 17,333 km² (2. ... Mexico City (Spanish: Ciudad de México) is the federal capital of and largest city in Mexico. ...

After some time in exile in the United States, in 1837 he was allowed to return to Mexico to retire at his hacienda. The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii). ... Events January 10 - DePauw University founded in Greencastle, Indiana January 26 - Michigan is admitted as the 26th U.S. state February 8 - Richard Johnson becomes the first Vice President of the United States chosen by the United States Senate February 11 - American Physiological Society organizes in Boston February 13 - Rowland... This is about a hacienda, a vast ranch. ...

In 1838 Santa Anna saw a chance to redeem himself when French forces invaded Mexico in the Pastry War. He engaged the French at Veracruz and, in the skirmishing, was hit by a cannon ball. As a result of his injuries, his leg was amputated. He ordered the limb buried with full military honors, and from then on at public events he would ride on horseback holding his wooden leg over his head as a symbol of his sacrifices for his country. Santa Anna held on to control of his troops after the French had left, at first in support of Bustamante, then declaring himself once again President. 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... France - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... The Pastry War (Spanish: Guerra de los pasteles) was an invasion of Mexico by French forces in 1838. ...

Santa Anna's second rule was even more dictatorial than the first. His demands for ever greater taxes aroused ire, and several Mexican states simply stopped dealing with the central government, Yucatán and Laredo going so far as to declare themselves independent republics. In December 1844, opposition had reached the point where Santa Anna decided it was wise to accept an offer (in the interests of avoiding a civil war) to renounce all claims to the Presidency and go into exile in exchange for a generous pension. Santa Anna then moved to Cuba. The Yucatán Peninsula separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico. ... Laredo redirects here. ... Events January 15 - University of Notre Dame receives its charter from Indiana. ... The Republic of Cuba is an archipelago in the northern Caribbean that lies at the confluence of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. ...

Santa Anna in 1847

In 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico. Santa Anna wrote to Mexico City saying he no longer had aspirations to the presidency but would eagerly use his military experience to fight off foreign invasion of Mexico as he had in the past. President Gómez Farías was desperate enough to accept the offer and allowed Santa Anna to return. Meanwhile, Santa Anna had secretly been dealing with representatives of the USA, pledging that if he were allowed back in Mexico through the blockades, he would work to sell all contested territory to the United States at a reasonable price. Once back in Mexico at the head of an army, Santa Anna reneged on both of these agreements. Santa Anna declared himself president again and unsuccessfully tried to fight off the United States invasion (see Mexican-American War). Antonio López de Santa Anna in 1847. ... Antonio López de Santa Anna in 1847. ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii). ... The Mexican-American War was a war fought between the United States and Mexico between 1846 and 1848. ...

In 1851 Santa Anna went into exile in Kingston, Jamaica and two years after moved to Turbaco, Colombia. In 1853 he was invited back by rebellious conservatives, with whom he succeeded in retaking the government. This reign was no better than his earlier ones. He funneled government funds to his own pockets, sold more territory to the United States (see Gadsden Purchase), and declared himself dictator for life with the title Most Serene Highness. Location of Kingston Kingston (population 600,000) is the capital of Jamaica and it is located southeast of the country. ... The Republic of Colombia is a country in north-western South America. ... Events January 19 - Giuseppe Verdis opera Il Trovatore premieres in Rome January 21 - Russell L. Hawes patents the envelope folding machine January 29 - Napoleon III marries the Spanish Countess Eugènie at the Tuileries March 4 – Inauguration of US president Franklin Pierce June 7 - Franklin College of Lancaster, Pennsylvania merges... The Gadsden Purchase (shown with present-day state boundaries and cities) The Gadsden Purchase is a 30,000 mi² (77,700 km²) region of what is today southern Arizona and New Mexico that was purchased by the United States from Mexico in 1853. ...

Despite his generous pay-offs to the military for loyalty, by 1855 even his conservative allies had had enough of Santa Anna. That year a group of liberals led by Benito Juárez and Ignacio Comonfort overthrew Santa Anna, and he fled back to Cuba. As the extent of his corruption became known he was tried in absentia for treason and all his estates confiscated. He then lived in exile in Cuba, the United States, Colombia, and St. Thomas. During his time in New York City he is credited as bringing the first shipments of chicle, the base of chewing gum, to the United States, but he failed to profit from this since his plan was to use the chicle to replace rubber in carriage tires, which was tried without success. Santa Anna was a passionate fan of the sport of cockfighting. He would invite breeders from all over the world for matches and is known to have spend tens of thousands of dollars on prize roosters. Events January 23 - The first bridge over the Mississippi River opens in what is now Minneapolis, Minnesota, a crossing made today by the Father Louis Hennepin Bridge. ... Benito Juárez Benito Juárez (March 21, 1806 – July 18, 1872) was a Zapotec Indian who served two terms (1861-1863 and 1867-1872) as President of Mexico. ... Ignacio Comonfort (1812 - 1863 ) was a Mexican politician and military officer. ... The Republic of Cuba is an archipelago in the northern Caribbean that lies at the confluence of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. ... The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii). ... The Republic of Colombia is a country in north-western South America. ... St. ... This is an article about New York City; see also NYC, New York, and New York, New York. ... Binomial name Manilkara chicle (Pittier) Gilly Chicle is the gum from Manilkara chicle, a species of sapodilla tree. ... Chewing gum is like confectionery, but it is made to be chewed, not swallowed. ... The Cock Fight by Jean-Léon Gérôme (1847) A cockfight is a contest, held in a cockpit between two fighting cocks (roosters) trained to severely injure and/or kill one another. ... This article concerns biological roosters. ...

In 1874 he took advantage of a general amnesty and returned to Mexico. Events January - April January 1 - New York City annexes The Bronx January 23 - Marriage of the Duke of Edinburgh, second son of Queen Victoria, to Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia, only daughter of Emperor Alexander III of Russia. ... The United Mexican States or Mexico ( Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos or México; regarding the use of the variant spelling Méjico, see section The name below) is a country located in North America, bordered to the north by the United States of America, to the southeast by Guatemala and Belize, to...

He died two years later in poverty and obscurity in Mexico City. Mexico City (Spanish: Ciudad de México) is the federal capital of and largest city in Mexico. ...

Valentín Gómez Farías (1781-1858) was twice acting president of Mexico in the 1830s and 1840s. ... Seal of the Office of the President of Mexico The President of Mexico is the head of state of Mexico. ... José Justo Corro (1794-1864) was interim president of Mexico for two months in 1837. ... Anastasio Bustamante (1780-1853) was President of Mexico from 1832 to 1833 and then from 1839 to 1841. ... Seal of the Office of the President of Mexico The President of Mexico is the head of state of Mexico. ... Valentín Canalizo (1794-1850) was acting president of Mexico for four months in 1844. ... Valentín Canalizo (1794-1850) was acting president of Mexico for four months in 1844. ... Seal of the Office of the President of Mexico The President of Mexico is the head of state of Mexico. ... José Joaquín de Herrera (1792-1854) was twice president of Mexico. ... Valentín Gómez Farías (1781-1858) was twice acting president of Mexico in the 1830s and 1840s. ... Seal of the Office of the President of Mexico The President of Mexico is the head of state of Mexico. ... José Manuel de la Peña y Peña (1789-1850) was twice interim president of Mexico. ... Manuel María Lombardini (1802-1853) was acting president of Mexico for two months in 1853. ... Seal of the Office of the President of Mexico The President of Mexico is the head of state of Mexico. ... Martín Carrera (1806-1871) was interim President of Mexico for a month in 1855. ...