Antonio Salieri

Antonio Salieri (August 18, 1750 – May 7, 1825), was an Italian composer and conductor. As the Austrian imperial Kapellmeister from 1788 to 1824, he was one of the most important and famous musicians of his time. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1750 (MDCCL) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 127th day of the year (128th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Languages Italian, Sicilian, Neapolitan, Corsican, Sardinian, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Ligurian, Lombard, Piedmontese, Venetian, Ladin, Friulian Religions predominantly Roman Catholic      The Italians are a Southern European ethnic group found primarily in Italy and in a wide-ranging diaspora throughout Western Europe, the Americas and Australia. ... A composer is a person who writes music. ... A conductor conducting at a ceremony A conductors score and batons Conducting is the act of directing a musical performance by way of visible gestures. ... A Kapellmeister is nowadays the director or conductor of an orchestra or choir. ...

Biography

Raised in a prosperous family of merchants in Legnago, Salieri studied violin and harpsichord with his brother Francesco, who was a student of Giuseppe Tartini. After the early death of his parents, he moved to Padua, then to Venice, where he studied thoroughbass with Giovanni Battista Pescetti. There, he met Florian Leopold Gassmann in 1766, who invited him to attend the court of Vienna, and there trained him in composition based on Johann Joseph Fux's Gradus ad Parnassum. Salieri remained in Vienna for the rest of his life. In 1774, after Gassmann's death, Salieri was appointed court composer by Emperor Joseph II. He met Therese von Helferstorfer in 1774, and in the same year the two were married. The couple went on to have eight children. Salieri became Royal and Imperial Kapellmeister in 1788, a post which he held till 1824. He was president of the "Tonkünstler-Societät" (society of musical artists) from 1788 to 1795, vice-president after 1795, and in charge of its concerts until 1818. Legnago is a town in the Province of Verona, Italy, on the Adige river, 29 m. ... For the Anne Rice novel, see Violin (novel). ... Harpsichord in the Flemish style A harpsichord is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. ... Giuseppe Tartini. ... Padua, Italy, (It. ... For other uses, see Venice (disambiguation). ... Figured bass, or thoroughbass, is a kind of integer musical notation used to indicate intervallic content (the intervals which make up a sonority), later chords, in relation to a bass note. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Florian Leopold Gassmann (3 May 1729 – 20 January 1774) was an Bohemian opera composer. ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... Johann Joseph Fux (1660 – February 13, 1741) was an Austrian composer, music theorist and pedagogue of the late Baroque era. ... Joseph II (full name: Joseph Benedikt August Johannes Anton Michel Adam; March 13, 1741 – February 20, 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. ... A Kapellmeister is nowadays the director or conductor of an orchestra or choir. ...

Salieri attained an elevated social standing, and was frequently associated with other celebrated composers, such as Joseph Haydn and Louis Spohr. He played an important role in late 18th and early 19th century classical music. He was a teacher to many famous composers, including Ludwig van Beethoven, Carl Czerny, Johann Nepomuk Hummel, Franz Liszt, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Ignaz Moscheles, Franz Schubert, and Franz Xaver Süssmayr. He also taught Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's younger son, Franz Xaver, some years after the death of Franz's illustrious father. “Haydn” redirects here. ... Self-portrait of Spohr as a young man. ... Classical music is a broad, somewhat imprecise term, referring to music produced in, or rooted in the traditions of, European art, ecclesiastical and concert music, encompassing a broad period from roughly 1000 to the present day. ... “Beethoven” redirects here. ... Carl Czerny, lithograph by Joseph Kriehuber, 1833 Carl Czerny (sometimes Karl; February 21, 1791 – July 15, 1857) was an Austrian pianist, composer and teacher. ... Johann Nepomuk Hummel Johann Nepomuk Hummel or Jan Nepomuk Hummel (14 November 1778 – 17 October 1837) was a composer and virtuoso pianist of Austrian origin who was born in Pressburg (present-day Bratislava, Slovakia). ... Liszt redirects here. ... Giacomo Meyerbeer Giacomo Meyerbeer (September 5, 1791 – May 2, 1864) was a noted German-born opera composer, and the first great exponent of Grand Opera. ... Ignaz Moscheles, from a portrait by his son Felix. ... Schubert redirects here. ... Franz Xaver Süssmayr (German: Franz Xaver Süßmayr; b. ... “Mozart” redirects here. ... Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart The two sons of Wolfgang Amadeus and Constanze Mozart: Carl Thomas (r) and Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart (l) (painting of Hans Hansen, Vienna, 1800) Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart (July 26, 1791 – July 29, 1844), also known as F.X. Mozart and as W. A. Mozart Sohn...

Salieri was buried in the Matzleinsdorfer Friedhof (his remains were later transferred to the Zentralfriedhof) in Vienna, Austria. At his funeral service his own Requiem in C minor - composed in 1804 - was performed for the first time. His monument is adorned by a poem written by Joseph Weigl, one of his pupils: Exterior of the Dr. Karl Lueger-Gedächtniskirche, Zentralfriedhof, Vienna. ... This article is about the city and federal state in Austria. ... Joseph Weigl was the name of a father-and-son pair of musicians. ...

Rest in peace! Uncovered by dust
Eternity shall bloom for you.
Rest in peace! In eternal harmonies
Your spirit now is dissolved.
He expressed himself in enchanting notes,
Now he is floating to everlasting beauty.

Original German poem:

Ruh sanft! Vom Staub entblößt,
Wird Dir die Ewigkeit erblühen.
Ruh sanft! In ew’gen Harmonien
Ist nun Dein Geist gelöst.
Er sprach sich aus in zaubervollen Tönen,
Jetzt schwebt er hin zum unvergänglich Schönen.

Works

Main article: List of compositions by Antonio Salieri

During his time in Vienna, Salieri acquired great prestige as a composer and conductor, particularly of opera, but also of chamber and sacred music. The most successful of his more than 40 operas included Europa riconosciuta (1778), Armida (1771), La scuola de' gelosi (1778), Der Rauchfangkehrer (1781), Les Danaïdes (1784), which was first presented as a work of Gluck's, Tarare (1787), Axur, Re d'Ormus (1788), Palmira, regina di Persia (1795), and Falstaff (1799). He wrote comparatively little instrumental music, however his limited output includes two piano concertos and a concerto for organ written in 1773, a concerto for flute, oboe and orchestra (1774), and a set of 26 variations on La follia di Spagna (1815). List of works Secular vocal music Operas Annibale in Capua (1801) Armida (1771) Axur, Re dOrmus (1788) Catilina (1790-92) - premiered posthumous 1994 in Darmstadt - Cesare in Farmacusa (1800) Cublai, gran Kan de Tartari (1786-88) - premiered posthumous 1998 in Würzburg - Danaus (ca. ... For other uses, see Opera (disambiguation). ... Chamber music is a form of classical music, written for a small group of instruments which traditionally could be accommodated in a palace chamber. ... Religious music (also sacred music) is music performed or composed for religious use or through religious influence. ... Europa riconosciuta is an opera in two acts by Antonio Salieri, designated as a dramma per musica, set to an Italian libretto by Mattia Verazi. ... Armida is an opera by Antonio Salieri in three acts, set to a libretto by Marco Coltellini. ... La scuola de gelosi (The School of Jealousy) is a dramma giocoso in two acts by Antonio Salieri, set to a libretto by Caterino Mazzolà. // It was first performed at the Teatro S Moisè in Venice on the 27 December 1778. ... Der Rauchfangkehrer, oder Die Unentbehrlichen Verräther ihrer Herrschaften aus Eigennutz (The Chimney Sweep, or The Indispensable Betrayers of Their Lordships Self-interest) is a three act opera by Antonio Salieri. ... Les Danaïdes is an opera by Antonio Salieri, in 5 acts: more specifically, it is a tragédie lyrique. ... Gluck redirects here. ... Tarare is an opera by Antonio Salieri, after a play by Beaumarchais. ... Axur, re dOrmus (Axur, king of Ormus) is the Italian version of Antonio Salieris 1787 opera Tarare. ... Palmira, regina di Persia is an opera by Antonio Salieri: more specifically, it is a dramma eroicomico. ... Falstaff, ossia Le tre burle (Falstaff, or The Three Jokes) is a dramma giocoso in two acts by Antonio Salieri, set to a libretto by Carlo Prospero Defranceschi after William Shakespeares The Merry Wives of Windsor. ... A piano concerto is a concerto for solo piano and orchestra. ... Organ in Katharinenkirche, Frankfurt am Main, Germany The organ is a keyboard instrument played using one or more manuals and a pedalboard. ... â™  This article is about the family of musical instruments. ... For other uses, see Oboe (disambiguation). ...

Salieri and Mozart

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In Vienna in the late 1780s, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart mentioned several "cabals" of Salieri concerning his new opera Così fan tutte. As Mozart's music became more popular over the decades, Salieri's music was largely forgotten. At the beginning of the 19th century, increasing nationalism led to a tendency to transfigure the Austrian Mozart's genius, while the Italian Salieri was given the role of his evil antagonist.^[1] Albert Lortzing's Singspiel Szenen aus Mozarts Leben LoWV28 (1832) uses the cliché of the jealous Salieri trying to hinder Mozart's career. In 1772, Empress Maria Theresa commented on her preference of Italian composers over Germans like Gassmann, Salieri or Gluck. While Italian by birth, Salieri had lived in imperial Vienna since he was 16 years old and was regarded as a German composer. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... “Mozart” redirects here. ... Così fan tutte, ossia La scuola degli amanti (Thus Do They [f. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolising French nationalism during the July Revolution 1830. ... A genius is a person of great intelligence. ... For other uses, see Antagonist (disambiguation). ... Gustav Albert Lortzing (October 23, 1801 _ January 21, 1851) was a German composer. ... Not to be confused with Maria Theresa of Austria (1816-1867). ... A stereotypical German The Germans (German: die Deutschen), or the German people, are a nation in the meaning an ethnos (in German: Volk), defined more by a sense of sharing a common German culture and having a German mother tongue, than by citizenship or by being subjects to any particular... Christoph Willibald Gluck (July 2, 1714 – November 15, 1787) was a German composer. ...

The biographer Alexander Wheelock Thayer believes that Mozart's suspicions of Salieri could have originated with an incident in 1781 when Mozart applied to be the music teacher of the Princess of Württemberg, and Salieri was selected instead because of his reputation as a singing teacher. In the following year Mozart once again failed to be selected as the Princess's piano teacher. Alexander Wheelock Thayer (b. ...

Later, when Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro was not well received by either the Emperor Joseph II or by the public^{[citation needed]}, Mozart blamed Salieri for the failure. "Salieri and his tribe will move heaven and earth to put it down", Leopold Mozart wrote to his daughter Nannerl. But at the time of the premiere of Figaro, Salieri was busy with his new French opera Les Horaces. Thayer believes that the intrigues surrounding the failure of Figaro were instigated by the poet Giovanni Battista Casti against the court poet, Lorenzo da Ponte, who wrote the Figaro libretto.^{[citation needed]} Le nozze di Figaro ossia la folle giornata (Trans: ), K. 492, is an opera buffa (comic opera) composed in 1786 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, with libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte, based on a stage comedy by Pierre Beaumarchais, Le mariage de Figaro (1784). ... Leopold Mozart Johann Georg Leopold Mozart (November 14, 1719 – May 28, 1787) was a composer, music teacher and violinist. ... Les Horaces (The Horatii) is an operatic tragédie lyrique by Antonio Salieri. ... Lorenzo da Ponte Lorenzo Da Ponte (March 10, 1749–August 17, 1838) was an Italian librettist born in Ceneda (now Vittorio Veneto). ... Antonio Ghislanzoni, nineteenth century Italian librettist. ...

In addition, when da Ponte was in Prague preparing the production of Mozart's setting of his Don Giovanni, the poet was ordered back to Vienna for a royal wedding for which Salieri's Axur, re d'Ormus would be performed. Obviously, Mozart was not pleased by this. For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ... Don Giovanni (K.527; complete title: Il dissoluto punito, ossia il Don Giovanni, literally The Rake Punishd, or Don Giovanni) is an opera in two acts with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and libretto by Lorenzo da Ponte. ...

There is, however, far more evidence of a cooperative relationship between the two composers than one of real enmity. For example, when Salieri was appointed Kapellmeister in 1788, he revived Figaro instead of bringing out a new opera of his own, and when he went to the coronation festivities for Leopold II in 1790 he had no fewer than three Mozart masses in his luggage. Salieri and Mozart even composed a cantata for voice and piano together, called Per la ricuperata salute di Ophelia, which was celebrating the return to stage of the singer Nancy Storace. This work has been lost, although it had been printed by Artaria in 1785. Mozart's Davide penitente K.469 (1785), his piano concerto in E flat major K.482 (1785), the clarinet quintet K.581 (1789) and the great Symphony in G minor K.550 had been premiered on the suggestion of Salieri, who supposedly conducted a performance of it in 1791. In his last surviving letter from October 14 1791, Mozart tells his wife that he collected Salieri and Catharina Cavalieri in his carriage and drove them both to the opera, and about Salieri's attendance at his opera Die Zauberflöte K 620, speaking enthusiastically: "He heard and saw with all his attention, and from the overture to the last choir there was no piece that didn't elicit a bravo or bello out of him [...]." Nancy Storace (1765 - 1817) was one of the most famous opera singers of the 18th century. ... A lost work is a document or literary work produced some time in the past of which no surviving copies are known to exist. ... Artaria and company was one of the most important music publishing firms of the late eighteenth and nineteenth century. ... Die Zauberflöte (en: The Magic Flute) is an opera in two acts composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to a German libretto by Emanuel Schikaneder. ...

Salieri's health declined in his later years, and he was hospitalized shortly before his death. It was shortly after he died that gossip first spread that he had confessed to Mozart's murder on his deathbed. Salieri's two nurses, Gottlieb Parsko and Georg Rosenberg, as well as his family doctor Joseph Röhrig, attested that he never said any such thing. At least one of these three people was with him throughout his hospitalization.

Within a few months of Salieri's death in 1825, Aleksandr Pushkin wrote his "little tragedy" Mozart and Salieri (1831) as a dramatic study of the sin of envy. Russian composer Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov adapted Pushkin's play as an opera of the same name in 1898. A popular perpetuation of the story was in Peter Shaffer's play Amadeus (1979) and the Oscar-winning 1984 film directed by Miloš Forman based upon it. Aleksandr Pushkin by Vasily Tropinin Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Серге́евич Пу́шкин, Aleksandr Sergeevič PuÅ¡kin,  ) (June 6, 1799 [O.S. May 26] – February 10, 1837 [O.S. January 29]) was a Russian Romantic author who is considered to be the greatest Russian poet[1] [2][3] and the founder of modern Russian... For other uses, see Envy (disambiguation). ... Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov (Russian: , Nikolaj Andreevič Rimskij-Korsakov), also Nikolay, Nicolai, and Rimsky-Korsakoff, (March 6 (N.S. March 18), 1844 – June 8 (N.S. June 21) 1908) was a Russian composer, one of five Russian composers known as The Five, and was later a... Mozart and Salieri (Motsart i Sal’yeri in transliteration) is an opera in two acts by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov to Russian libretto by the composer, based on a verse drama by Alexander Pushkin. ... // Sir Peter Levin Shaffer (born May 15, 1926) is an English dramatist, author of numerous award-winning plays, several of which have been filmed. ... Playbill, 1981 For other uses, see Amadeus (disambiguation). ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... Amadeus is a 1984 film directed by MiloÅ¡ Forman. ... Jan Tomáš Forman (born February 18, 1932), better known as MiloÅ¡ Forman, is a film director, actor, screenwriter and professor. ...

Salieri was portrayed in the film by F. Murray Abraham, who won the Academy Award for Best Actor. Salieri is characterized as both in awe of and insanely resentful towards Mozart, going so far as to renounce God for blessing his adversary. Salieri's later hopitalization is portrayed as a stay in a mental hospital, where he announces himself as "the Patron Saint of mediocrity". Fahrid Murray Abraham[1] (born October 24, 1939) is an American actor. ... The Academy Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role is one of the awards given to actors working in the motion picture industry by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences; nominations are made by Academy members who are actors and actresses. ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... A psychiatric hospital (also called a mental hospital or asylum) is a hospital specializing in the treatment of persons with mental illness. ...

These rumors are also alluded to in a spoof opera entitled A Little Nightmare Music: an opera in one irrevocable act, by P.D.Q. Bach. In the opera, Salieri attempts to poison an anachronistic Shaffer but is bumped by a "clumsy oaf", which causes him to inadvertently poison Mozart instead and spill wine on his favorite coat. Look up Spoof in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see Opera (disambiguation). ... A Little Nightmare Music is recording of the music of P. D. Q. Bach, featuring Professor Peter Schickele and is described as P.D.Q. Bach’s opera in one irrevocable act, based on a dream he had December 4, 1791, the night that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died and Antonio... P.D.Q. Bach (1807-1742?) is the pseudonym under which Professor Peter Schickele has written a substantial body of satirical music, recorded on nearly twenty compact discs on the Vanguard and Telarc labels. ... For other uses, see Poison (disambiguation). ... Look up Anachronism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Recent popularity

In 2003, mezzo-soprano Cecilia Bartoli released The Salieri Album, a CD with 13 arias from Salieri's operas, most of which had never been recorded before. Since 2000, there have also been complete recordings issued of the operas Falstaff, Les Danaïdes, and La grotta di Trofonio. Salieri has yet to fully re-enter the general repertory, but performances of his works are progressively becoming more regular. A mezzo-soprano (meaning medium soprano in Italian) is a female singer with a range usually extending from the A below middle C to the F an eleventh above middle C. Mezzo-sopranos generally have a darker (or lower) vocal tone than sopranos, and their vocal range is between that... Cecilia Bartoli The Italian mezzo-soprano Cecilia Bartoli (born 4 June 1966) is a popular opera singer and recitalist. ... Falstaff, ossia Le tre burle (Falstaff, or The Three Jokes) is a dramma giocoso in two acts by Antonio Salieri, set to a libretto by Carlo Prospero Defranceschi after William Shakespeares The Merry Wives of Windsor. ... Les Danaïdes is an opera by Antonio Salieri, in 5 acts: more specifically, it is a tragédie lyrique. ... La grotta di Trofonio (Trofonios Cave) is an opera, described as an opera comica, in two acts composed by Antonio Salieri to an Italian libretto by Giovanni Battista Casti. ...

His operas Falstaff (1995 production) and Tarare (1987 production) have been released on DVD. In 2004, the opera "Europa Riconosciuta" was staged in Milan for the reopening of La Scala in Milan, with soprano Diana Damrau in the title role. This production was also broadcast on television, with a future DVD release possible. Europa riconosciuta is an opera in two acts by Antonio Salieri, designated as a dramma per musica, set to an Italian libretto by Mattia Verazi. ... The Teatro alla Scala in Milan, by night. ... Type Anti-tank Nationality Joint France/Germany Era Cold War, modern Launch platform Individual, Vehicle Target Vehicle, Fortification History Builder MBDA, Bharat Dynamics (under license) Date of design 70s Production period since 1972 Service duration since 1972 Operators 41 countries Variants MILAN 1, MILAN 2, MILAN 2T, MILAN 3, MILAN... Ks. ...

The Finnish progressive metal outfit Warmen, lead by the classically trained pianist and keyboardist Janne Wirman of Children Of Bodom fame, have been tributing Salieri in all of their albums. Warmen's first album Unknown Soldier (2000) included the song Warcry of Salieri, the second long-player Beyond Abilites (2002) had a song titled as Salieri Strikes Back and the latest work, Accept The Fact (2005) tributed Salieri with the composition titled as Return of Salieri, all of which paying tribute to Salieri's works. Progressive metal is a sub-genre of heavy metal music which blends the powerful, guitar-driven sound of metal with the complex compositional structures, odd time signatures, and intricate instrumental playing of progressive rock. ... Warmen is a Finnish progressive metal/neo-classical metal band assembled by keyboard player Janne Viljami Wirman - also known as Warman. ... Janne Viljami Warman Wirman (born April 26, 1979) is a Finnish musician, who is the keyboardist for the bands Children of Bodom and Warmen. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Unknown Soldier can refer to: The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, a type of memorial site in many nations The Unknown Soldier, a 1954 novel by Väinö Linna The Unknown Soldier, a Finnish 1955 film based on the novel of the same name The Unknown Soldier, a Finnish... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Accept the Fact is the third studio album from progressive metal band Warmen. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Salieri: Truth or Fiction
• Works by Salieri in the University of North Texas Music Library's Virtual Rare Book Room
• Quiz: Mozart or Salieri?

Scores

• Antonio Salieri free scores in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
• Salieri was listed in the International Music Score Library Project

This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) is a project for the creation of a virtual library of public domain music scores, based on the wiki principle. ...

References

• Rudolph Angermüller, Antonio Salieri 3 Vol. (München 1971-74)
• Rudolph Angermüller, Antonio Salieri. Fatti e Documenti (Legnago 1985)
• Volkmar Braunbehrens, Maligned Master - the Real Story of Antonio Salieri, transl. Eveline L. Kanes (New York 1992)
• A. Della Corte, Un italiano all'estero: Antonio Salieri (Torino 1936)
• V. Della Croce/F. Blanchetti, Il caso Salieri (Torino 1994)
• I. F. Edler v. Mosel, Über das Leben und die Werke des Anton Salieri (Vienna 1827)
• John A. Rice, Antonio Salieri and Viennese Opera (Chicago 1998), ISBN 0226711250 - ISBN 978-0-226-71125-6 (preview at Google Book Search)
• Alexander Wheelock Thayer, Salieri: Rival of Mozart (Kansas City 1989)

Notes