The term Apabhramsha refers to the dialects of North India before the rise of modern North Indian languages. The term apabhramsha implies a corrupt or non-standard language.

The term Prakrit (which includes Pali) is used for the popular dialects of India which were spoken until 4-8th century. They gradually transformed into Apabhramshas which were used until about 13th century. Apabramshas evolved into modern languages like Hindi, Gujarati, Bengali etc. Prakrit (Sanskrit prakrta: natural, usual) refers to the broad family of the Indic languages and dialects spoken in ancient India. ... . Pāli (ISO 639-1: pi; ISO 639-2: pli) is a Middle Indo-Aryan dialect or prakrit. ...

A significant amount of Apabhramsha literature has been found in Jain libraries. While Khusro and Kabir were writing in a language quite similar to modern Hindi, many poets, specially in regions that were still ruled by Hindu kings, continued to write in Apabhramsha.

The Apabhramsha authors include Sarahapad of Kamarupa, Devasena of Dhara (9th c. CE), Pushpadanta of Manyakhet (9th c. CE), Dhanapal, Muni Ramsimha, Hemachandra of Patan, Raighu of Gwalior (15th CE). An early example of the use of Apabhramsha is in Vikramorvashiyam of kalidasa, when Pururava askes the animals in the forest about his belloved who had disappeared. Hemachandra Suri (हेमचन्द्र सूरी) (correct Sanskrit spelling Hemacandra Sürí) (1089 -1172) was one of the greatest scholars of his time. ... Patan is : a city in Nepal (Patan, Nepal) a city and district in Gujarat (Patan, Gujarat) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Teli-ka-Mandir Gwalior is a city in Madhya Pradesh, India. ...

External links:

• Dr. Devendra Kumar Shastri
• Hindi: The language of songs
• Apabhrangsha