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Honeybees are a subset of bees which fall into the Order Hymenoptera and Suborder Apocrita. Of the approximately 20,000 known species of bees, there are only six to eleven species (depending on the authority) within the tribe Apini, all in the genus Apis, and all of which produce and store honey to some degree. Four species have historically been cultured for or robbed of honey by humans: Apis mellifera (Western honeybee), Apis florea (Dwarf honeybee/little bee), Apis cerana and Apis dorsata. They have been domesticated at least since the time of the building of the Egyptian pyramids. Honeybee Other images of bees From http://www. ...
Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms (as opposed to folk taxonomy). ...
Phyla Subregnum Parazoa Porifera (sponges) Subregnum Agnotozoa Placozoa (trichoplax) Orthonectida (orthonectids) Rhombozoa (dicyemids) Subregnum Eumetazoa Radiata (unranked) (radial symmetry) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria (coral, jellyfish, anemones) Bilateria (unranked) (bilateral symmetry) Acoelomorpha (basal) Orthonectida (parasitic to flatworms, echinoderms, etc. ...
Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - spiders,scorpions, etc. ...
Classes & Orders See taxonomy Insects are invertebrate animals of the Class Insecta, the largest and (on land) most widely-distributed taxon within the phylum Arthropoda. ...
Suborders Apocrita Symphyta Many families, see article Hymenoptera is one of the larger orders of Insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. ...
Superfamilies Apoidea Ceraphronoidea Chalcidoidea Chrysidoidea Cynipoidea Evanioidea Ichneumonoidea Megalyroidea Proctotrupoidea Sphecoidea Stephanoidea Triganalyoidea Vespoidea Many families, see article Apocrita is a suborder of insects in the order Hymenoptera. ...
Subfamilies Apinae - Honeybees Bombinae - Bumblebees Euglossinae - Orchid bees Meliponinae - Stingless bees Nomadinae Xylocopinae - Carpenter bees The Apidae are a large family of bees, comprising the common honeybees, stingless bees (which are also cultured for honey), carpenter bees, and bumblebees. ...
Tribes Ancylini Anthophorini Apini Bombini Centridini Ctenoplectrini Emphorini Ericrocidini Eucerini Euglossini Exomalopsini Isepeolini Melectini Meliponini Osirini Protepeolini Rhathymini Tapinotaspidini Tetrapediini The Apinae is the subfamily that includes the majority of bees in the family Apidae, including the familiar corbiculate bees (honeybees, stingless bees, orchid bees, and bumblebees), plus all the...
Species A. mellifera— western honeybee A. cerana— eastern honeybee Honeybees are a subset of bees which fall into the Order Hymenoptera and Suborder Apocrita. ...
Apis Species Categories: Stub | Insects ...
Binomial name Apis mellifera The species called Western honeybees (Apis mellifera) are honeybees comprised of several subspecies or races. ...
Apis cerana are small honeybees of southern and southeastern Asia. ...
Families Andrenidae Apidae Colletidae Halictidae Megachilidae Melittidae Stenotritidae Bee collecting pollen Bees (Apoidea superfamily) are flying insects, closely related to wasps and ants. ...
Suborders Apocrita Symphyta Many families, see article Hymenoptera is one of the larger orders of Insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. ...
Superfamilies Apoidea Ceraphronoidea Chalcidoidea Chrysidoidea Cynipoidea Evanioidea Ichneumonoidea Megalyroidea Proctotrupoidea Sphecoidea Stephanoidea Triganalyoidea Vespoidea Many families, see article Apocrita is a suborder of insects in the order Hymenoptera. ...
Binomial name Apis mellifera The species called Western honeybees (Apis mellifera) are honeybees comprised of several subspecies or races. ...
Apis cerana are small honeybees of southern and southeastern Asia. ...
The pyramids of Egypt, some of which are amongst the largest man-made constructions ever conceived, constitute one of the most potent and enduring symbols of Ancient Egyptian civilization. ...
- Apis florea and Apis cerana are small honeybees of southern and southeastern Asia. The former makes very small, exposed nests in trees and shrubs, while the latter makes nests in cavities and is cultured for honey in a similar fashion to Apis mellifera. Their stings are often not capable of penetrating human skin, so the hive and swarms can be handled with minimal protection.
- Apis dorsata, the giant honeybee, is native to south and southeastern Asia, and usually makes its exposed combs on high tree limbs, or on cliffs, and sometimes on buildings. It is wild and can be very fierce. It is robbed of its honey periodically by human honey gatherers, a practice known as honey hunting. Its colonies are easily capable of stinging a human being to death when provoked.
HIVE can also mean HIVE the Icelandic ISP HIVE is an abstract game programming library. ...
School of juvenile herring - many fish have the opercula wide open for ram feeding and you can see the red gills The term swarm (schooling or swarming) is applied to fish, birds and insects and describes a behavior of an aggregation (school) of animals of similar size and body orientation...
Origin and distribution of the genus Apis Honeybees as a group appear to have their center of origin in Southeast Asia (including the Philippines), as all but one of the extant species are native to that region, including the most primitive living species (Apis florea and A. andreniformis). The first Apis bees appear in the fossil record in deposits dating about 40 million years ago during the Eocene period; that these fossils are from Europe does not necessarily indicate that Europe is where the genus originated, as the likelihood of fossils being found in Southeast Asia is very small, even if that is the true origin. At about 30 million years before present they appear to have developed social behavior and structurally are virtually identical with modern honeybees. Among the extant members of the genus, the more ancient species make single, exposed combs, while the more recently-evolved species nest in cavities and have multiple combs, which greatly facilitated their domestication. File links The following pages link to this file: Honeybee ...
File links The following pages link to this file: Honeybee ...
For help with sound or video, see Wikipedia:Media help. ...
Theora is a video codec being developed by the Xiph. ...
VideoLAN is a software development project comprising two multi-platform computer programs—VLC media player and VideoLAN Server (VLS)—and several audio/video decoding and decryption libraries. ...
Download high resolution version (1024x768, 142 KB) http://pdphoto. ...
Download high resolution version (1024x768, 142 KB) http://pdphoto. ...
Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...
Ever since recorded history began, and probably before, people have found pieces of rock and other hard material with indentations from the remains of dead organisms. ...
The Eocene epoch (56-34 Ma) is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Palaeogene period in the Cenozoic era. ...
Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ...
Apis mellifera, the most commonly domesticated species, probably originated in Tropical Africa and spread from there to Northern Europe and East into Asia. It is also called the Western honeybee. There are many sub-species that have adapted to the environment of their geographic and climatic area. Behavior, color and anatomy can be quite different from one sub-species or race to another. In 1622, first European colonists brought the sub-species Apis mellifera mellifera to the Americas. Many of the crops that depend on honeybees for pollination have also been imported since colonial times. Escaped swarms (known as wild bees, but actually feral) spread rapidly as far as the Great Plains, usually preceding the colonists. The Native Americans called the honeybee "the white man's fly." Honeybees did not naturally cross the Rocky mountains; they were carried by ship to California in the early 1850s. Africa is the worlds second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia. ...
Northern Europe is marked in dark blue Northern Europe is a name of the northern part of the European continent. ...
World map showing the location of Asia. ...
Binomial name Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 The Western honeybee (Apis mellifera) is a species of honeybee comprised of several subspecies or races. ...
Events January 1 - In the Gregorian calendar, January 1 is declared as the first day of the year, instead of March 25. ...
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The Americas (sometimes referred to as America) is the area including the land mass located between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, generally divided into North America and South America. ...
Wyoming Mustang (feral) courtesy of U.S. BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program A feral animal or plant is one that has escaped from domestication and returned, partly or wholly, to its wild state. ...
The Great Plains is the broad expanse of prairie which lies east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States of America and Canada, covering all or parts of the U.S. states of New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota and North Dakota and the...
An Atsina named Assiniboin Boy Photo by Edward S. Curtis. ...
White Goat Wilderness Area, Alberta, Canada Longs Peak of the Rocky Mountains as depicted on the Colorado state quarter The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a broad mountain range in western North America. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq. ...
// Events and Trends Technology Production of steel revolutionised by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum by distillation for the first time First transatlantic telegraph cable laid First safety elevator installed by Elisha Otis Science Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species, putting forward the theory of evolution...
 Queen (The yellow dot on the thorax was added by a beekeeper to aid in finding the queen. She was probably born in 1997 or 2002; see the Queen article for an explanation of the color) The honeybee is a colonial insect that is often maintained, fed, and transported by beekeepers. It has been suggested that Honey flow be merged into this article or section. ...
Bee Queen File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the Cusco album, see 2002 (album). ...
For the Queen bee in clique & social groups, see Clique. ...
In biology, a colony (from Latin colonia) means several individual organisms of the same species living closely together, usually for mutual benefit, such as stronger defences, the ability to attack bigger prey etc. ...
Classes & Orders See taxonomy Insects are invertebrate animals of the Class Insecta, the largest and (on land) most widely-distributed taxon within the phylum Arthropoda. ...
It has been suggested that Honey flow be merged into this article or section. ...
Honeybees collect nectar and store it as honey in their hives. Nectar and honey provide the energy for the bees' flight muscles and for heating the hive during the winter period. Honeybees also collect pollen which supplies protein for bee brood to grow. Centuries of selective breeding by humans has created honeybees that produce far more honey than the colony needs. Beekeepers, also known as "apiarists", harvest the honey. Honey honey comb A capped frame of honeycomb Honey is a sweet and viscous fluid produced by honeybees and other insects from the nectar of flowers. ...
SEM image of pollen grains from a variety of common plants: sunflower (Helianthus annuus), morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), hollyhock (Sildalcea malviflora), lily (Lilium auratum), primrose (Oenothera fruticosa), and castor bean (Ricinus communis). ...
Recently hatched honeybee larvae are feeding on royal jelly for three days. ...
It has been suggested that Honey flow be merged into this article or section. ...
Beekeepers often provide a place for the colony to live and to store honey in. There are seven basic types of beehive: skeps, Langstroth hives, top-bar hives, box hives, log gums, D.E. hives and miller hives. Most U.S. states require beekeepers to use movable frames to allow bee inspectors to check the brood for disease. This allows the Langstroth, top-bar and D.E. hives, but other types of hives require special permitting, such as for museum use. The type of beehive used significantly impacts colony health, and wax and honey production. It has been suggested that Langstroth hive be merged into this article or section. ...
Domesticated honeybees are kept in beehives. ...
Langstroth hives on pallets The Langstroth bee hive is the standard beehive used in many parts of the world for bee keeping. ...
Top-bar hives are a style of beehive used for beekeeping. ...
The box hive is a beehive shaped like a Langstroth hive but it pays no attention to bee space and therefore can be longer, taller and wider. ...
The log gum was esentially a bee tree cut into a short section that contained a colony of honey bees. ...
Modern hives also enable beekeepers to transport bees, moving from field to field as the crop needs pollinating and allowing the beekeeper to charge for the pollination services they provide.
In cold climates, some beekeepers have kept colonies alive (with varying success) by moving them indoors for winter. While this can protect the colonies from extremes of temperature and make winter care and feeding more convenient for the beekeeper, it can increase the risk of dysentery (see the Nosema section of diseases of the honeybee) and can create an excessive buildup of carbon dioxide from the respiration of the bees. Recently, inside wintering has been refined by Canadian beekeepers who build large barns just for wintering bees. Automated ventilation systems assist in the control of carbon dioxide build-up. Dysentery is an illness involving severe diarrhea that is often associated with blood in the feces. ...
Common diseases, parasites, pests, and ailments of the honeybee include: // Varroa mites Varroa mite on a honeybee larva Main articles: Varroa destructor Varroa destructor and Varroa jacobsoni are parasitic mites that feed off the bodily fluids of adult, pupal and larval bees. ...
Carbon dioxide is an atmospheric gas comprised of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. ...
Like other eusocial bees, a colony generally contains one breeding female, or "queen"; a few thousand males, or "drones"; and a large population of sterile female workers. The female workers mature from nurse bees to become foragers. The foragers die usually when their wings are worn out after approximately 500 miles of flight. Honeybee wings beat at a constant rate of 230 beats per second or 13,800 beats/minute. Honeybees are social insects that live in a colony. ...
Eusociality is the phenomenon of reproductive specialisation found in some species of animal, whereby a specialised caste carries out reproduction in a colony of non-reproductive animals. ...
For the Queen bee in clique & social groups, see Clique Peanut-like queen brood cells extend outward and downward from the broodcomb. ...
The frequency of the wing beats was much higher than expected for an insect of this size. Honey bees make up for carrying heavier loads or for changes in air density by altering the amplitude of their wings and catching more air. This makes the wing muscles work harder, but it does not change the frequency of the wing beats. The science of bee flight remained an unsolved mystery until December of 2005. A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science details the work supervised by Michael Dickinson from Caltech. The density of air, ρ (Greek: rho) (air density), is the mass per volume of Earths atmosphere, and is a useful value in aeronautics. ...
California Institute of Technology The California Institute of Technology (commonly known as Caltech) is a private, coeducational university located in Pasadena, California, in the United States. ...
The population of a healthy hive in mid-summer can average between 40,000 and 80,000 bees. The workers cooperate to find food and are widely believed to use a pattern of "dancing" (known as the bee dance or waggle dance) to communicate with each other. Bees learn and communicate in order to find food sources and for other means. ...
Products of the honeybee
Pollination Main article: Pollination management Pollination Management is the label for horticultural practices that accomplish or enhance pollination of a crop, to improve yield or quality, by understanding of the particular crops pollination needs, and by knowledgeable management of pollenizers, pollinators, and pollination conditions. ...
 Beehives set up for pollination The honeybee's primary commercial value is as a pollinator of crops. Orchards and fields have grown larger; at the same time wild pollinators have dwindled. In several areas of the world the pollination shortage is compensated by migratory beekeeping, with beekeepers supplying the hives during the crop bloom and moving them after bloom is complete. In many higher latitude locations it is difficult or impossible to winter over enough bees, or at least to have them ready for early blooming plants, so much of the migration is seasonal, with many hives wintering in warmer climates and moving to follow the bloom to higher latitudes. Placing honeybees for pumpkin pollination, Mowhawk Valley, NY Image copyleft: Image taken by me, released under GFDL Pollinator 05:54, Sep 19, 2004 (UTC) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Placing honeybees for pumpkin pollination, Mowhawk Valley, NY Image copyleft: Image taken by me, released under GFDL Pollinator 05:54, Sep 19, 2004 (UTC) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
A pollinator is the agent that moves pollen from the male anthers of a flower to the female stigma of a flower to accomplish fertilization or syngamy of the female gamete in the ovule of the flower by the male gamete from the pollen grain. ...
Pollinator decline is based on observations made at the end of the twentieth century of the reduction in abundance of pollinators in many ecosystems worldwide. ...
As an example, in California, the pollination of almonds occurs in February, early in the growing season, before local hives have built up their populations. Almond orchards require two hives per acre (2,000 m² per hive) for maximum yield and so the pollination is highly dependent upon the importation of hives from warmer climates. Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq. ...
Binomial name Prunus dulcis (Mill. ...
An orchard is an intentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food production. ...
An acre is an English unit of area, which is also frequently used in the United States and some Commonwealth countries. ...
Honey Main article: Honey Honey honey comb A capped frame of honeycomb Honey is a sweet and viscous fluid produced by honeybees and other insects from the nectar of flowers. ...
Honey is the complex substance made when the nectar and sweet deposits from plants and trees are gathered, modified and stored in the honeycomb by honey bees. Honey is sometimes also gathered by humans from the nests of various Stingless bees. // General Stingless bees belong to the subfamily Meliponinae in the family Apidae, which comprise the common honeybees, carpenter bees, orchid bees and the bumblebees. ...
Beeswax Main article: Beeswax Beeswax is a product from a bee hive. ...
Worker bees of a certain age will secrete beeswax from a series of glands on their abdomen. They use the wax to form the walls and caps of the comb. When honey is harvested, the wax can be gathered to be used in various wax products like candles and seals. A collection of lit candles on ornate candlesticks A close-up image of a candle showing the wick and the various regions of the flame. ...
Seal on envelope A seal is an impression printed on, embossed upon, or affixed to a document (or any other object) in order to authenticate it, in lieu of or in addition to a signature. ...
Pollen Main article: Pollen SEM image of pollen grains from a variety of common plants: sunflower (Helianthus annuus), morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea), hollyhock (Sildalcea malviflora), lily (Lilium auratum), primrose (Oenothera fruticosa), and castor bean (Ricinus communis). ...
Bees collect pollen in the pollen basket and carry it back to the hive. In the hive, pollen is used as a protein source necessary during brood-rearing. In certain environments, excess pollen can be collected from the hive. It is often eaten as a health supplement. honeybee pollen basket The pollen basket or corbicula is part of the hind tibia of the back (posterior) legs of the honeybee. ...
A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ...
Propolis Main article: Propolis Propolis is a wax-like resinous substance collected by bees from tree buds and used as cement and to seal cracks or open spaces in the hive. ...
Propolis (or bee glue) is created from resins, balsams and tree saps. Honeybees use propolis to seal cracks in the hive. Propolis is also sold for its reported health benefits. Holistic therapists often utilize propolis for the relief of many inflammations, viral diseases, ulcers, superficial burns or scalds, in conjunction with acupuncture, ayurveda or homeopathy. Propolis is also believed to promote heart health and reduce the chances of cataracts. Propolis is a wax-like resinous substance collected by bees from tree buds and used as cement and to seal cracks or open spaces in the hive. ...
Sap exuding (gummosis) from the stem of a koa tree, probably in response to surface damage Sap is the fluid carried in tubules inside a plant, circulating to distribute food and water to various parts of the plant. ...
Hazards to honeybee survival - North American and European honeybee populations were severely depleted by varroa mite infestations in the early 1990s. Chemical treatments saved most commercial operations and improved cultural practices and bee breeds are starting to reduce the dependency on miticides (acaracides) by beekeepers. Feral bee populations were greatly reduced during this period but now are slowly recovering, mostly in areas of mild climate, owing to natural selection for varroa resistance and repopulation by resistant breeds.
- Africanized bees have spread across the southern United States where they pose a small danger to humans, although they may make beekeeping (particularly hobby beekeeping) difficult and potentially dangerous.
World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...
Common diseases, parasites, pests, and ailments of the honeybee include: // Varroa mites Varroa mite on a honeybee larva Main articles: Varroa destructor Varroa destructor and Varroa jacobsoni are parasitic mites that feed off the bodily fluids of adult, pupal and larval bees. ...
The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive. ...
Natural Selection is the phrase Charles Darwin used in 1859 in his book The Origin of Species to name the natural process he proposed to be responsible for the origin of new species and the adaptation of organisms to their environments. ...
A insecticide is a pesticide used against insects in all development forms. ...
Pesticides vary in their effect on bees. ...
Africanized honey bees (AHB), also known as “killer†bees, are hybrids of the African honeybee, Apis mellifera adansonii (or by other reports ), with various European honeybees such as the Italian bee Apis mellifera ligustica. ...
Common diseases, parasites, pests, and ailments of the honeybee include: // Varroa mites Varroa mite on a honeybee larva Main articles: Varroa destructor Varroa destructor and Varroa jacobsoni are parasitic mites that feed off the bodily fluids of adult, pupal and larval bees. ...
Common diseases, parasites, pests, and ailments of the honeybee include: // Varroa mites Varroa mite on a honeybee larva Main articles: Varroa destructor Varroa destructor and Varroa jacobsoni are parasitic mites that feed off the bodily fluids of adult, pupal and larval bees. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Varroa destructor. ...
Environmental problems As an invasive species, feral honeybees have become a significant environmental problem in places where they are not native, including Australia. Imported bees may compete with and displace native bees and birds, and may also promote the reproduction of invasive plants that native pollinators do not visit. Also, unlike native bees, they do not properly extract or transfer pollen from plants with poricidal anthers (anthers that only release pollen through tiny apical pores), as this requires buzz pollination, a behavior which honeybees rarely exhibit. Gross and Mackay (1998) found that honeybees reduce fruiting in Melastoma affine (a plant with poricidal anthers) by robbing stigmas of previously-deposited pollen. The term invasive species refers to a subset of those species defined as introduced species or non-indigenous species. ...
The term invasive species refers to a subset of those species defined as introduced species or non-indigenous species. ...
Stamens of the Amaryllis with prominent anthers carrying pollen Insects, while collecting pollen, accidentally transfer it from one flower to another, bringing about pollination The stamen is the male organ of a flower. ...
Some flowers are pollinated using buzz pollination. ...
Honeybee predators
Insects Asilidae are a family of Diptera Asiloidea . ...
A praying mantis, or praying mantid, is an insect of the family Mantidae (order Mantodea), named for their prayer-like stance. ...
Families Aeshnidae Austropetaliidae Cordulegastridae Corduliidae Gomphidae Libellulidae Macromiidae Neopetaliidae Petaluridae A dragonfly is any insect belonging to the order Odonata, the suborder Epiprocta or, in the strict sense, the infraorder Anisoptera. ...
Binomial name Anax junius (Drury, 1773) The Green Darner (Anax junius) is nicknamed Darning Needle because of its body shape. ...
Binomial name Vespa mandarinia Smith, 1852 The Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia), the worlds largest hornet, is a native of temperate and tropical Eastern Asia. ...
Binomial name Vespula maculata first described by Linnaeus The Bald-Faced Hornet or White-Faced Hornet is not a true hornet at all. ...
Yellowjackets are black-and-yellow wasps of the genus Vespula or Dolichovespula. ...
Genera Aquarius Gerris Halobates Limnogonus Limnoporus Metrobates Neogerris Rheumatobates Trepobates The Water strider, (also known as: Skater, Pond Skater, Jesus Bug, Water Skeeter, water scooter, water skater, Skimmer is any of a number of predatory insects in the family Gerridae (Leach 1815) that rely on the surface tension of water...
Spiders Species M. vatia (Goldenrod crab spider) Misumena is a genus of crab spider. ...
Genera Oxyopes (Common lynx spider) Peucetia (Green lynx spider) The Lynx spiders are hunting spiders somewhat similar to the wolf spiders and the jumping spiders. ...
Species A. aurantia A. bruennichi The St Andrews Cross spiders are large and spectacular spiders of the genus Argiope, also commonly called black and yellow argiopes due to the markings on their abdomens. ...
Reptiles and amphibians Binomial name Rana sylvatica LeConte, 1825 Wood Frog range Wood Frog is the common name given to Rana sylvatica. ...
Binomial name Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802 For the software company, see Bullfrog Productions The American Bull Frog (Rana catesbeiana) is an amphibian, a member of the family Ranidae, or true frogs. This frog is found in ponds, lakes, or marshland mainly where the water is quiet and covered with plants. ...
Binomial name Bufo americanus (Holbrook, 1836) The American toad (Bufo americanus) is common subspecies of toad found throughout the eastern United States and Canada. ...
Species see text Anolis is a genus of lizards belonging to the anole family, Polychrotidae. ...
Birds Genera Nyctyornis Meropogon Merops The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. ...
Binomial name Archilochus colubris (Linnaeus, 1758) The Ruby-throated Hummingbird, Archilochus colubris, is a small hummingbird. ...
Genera Many, see text. ...
Binomial name Myiarchus crinitus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Great Crested Flycatcher, Myiarchus crinitus, is a large insect-eating bird of the tyrant flycatcher family. ...
Binomial name Quiscalus quiscula (Linnaeus, 1758) The Common Grackle, Quiscalus quiscula, is a large blackbird. ...
Mammals Binomial name Cryptotis parva (Say, 1823) The Least Shrew (Cryptotis parva) is one of the smallest creatures in the Class Mammalia, growing to be only up to 3 inches long. ...
// Genera Conepatus Mydaus Mephitis Spilogale Skunks are moderately small mammals with black-and-white fur belonging to the family Mephitidae and the order Carnivora. ...
Type Species Ursus lotor Linnaeus, 1758 Species Procyon cancrivorus Procyon insularis Procyon lotor Raccoons are mammals native to the Americas in the genus Procyon of the Procyonidae family. ...
Genera Ailuropoda Ursus Tremarctos Arctodus(extinct) A bear is a very large mammal of the order Carnivora, family Ursidae. ...
Trinomial name Homo sapiens sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 Humans, or human beings, are biologically classified as bipedal primates belonging to the mammalian species Homo sapiens (Latin for wise man or thinking man) under the family Hominidae (the great apes). ...
Honeybee communication See also: Bee learning and communication Bees learn and communicate in order to find food sources and for other means. ...
Honey bees are an excellent animal to study with regards to behavior because they are abundant and familiar to most people. An animal that is disregarded every day has very specific behaviors that go unnoticed by the normal person. Karl von Frisch studied the behavior of honey bees with regards to communication and was awarded the Nobel Prize for physiology and medicine in 1973. Von Frisch noticed that honey bees communicate with the language of dance. Honey bees are able to direct other bees to food sources through the round dance and the waggle dance. The round dance tells the other foragers that food is within 50 meters of the hive, but it does not provide much information regarding direction. The waggle dance, which may be vertical or horizontal, provides more detail about both the distance and the direction of the located food source. It is also hypothesized that the bees rely on their olfactory sense to help locate the food source once the foragers are given directions from the dances. Download high resolution version (1687x1084, 359 KB)honeybee swarm File links The following pages link to this file: Honeybee Categories: Images with unknown source ...
Download high resolution version (1687x1084, 359 KB)honeybee swarm File links The following pages link to this file: Honeybee Categories: Images with unknown source ...
Karl von Frisch 1961 Karl Ritter von Frisch (1886-1982) was an Austrian ethologist who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973 with Nikolaas Tinbergen and Konrad Lorenz. ...
Sir Edward Appletons medal Photographs of Nobel Prize Medals. ...
Round dance is a term used in bee keeping, entomology and communication of social insects. ...
A term used in beekeeping for a particular figure eight dance of the honeybee. ...
Another signal for communication is the shaking signal, also known as the jerking dance, vibration dance, or vibration signal. It is a modulatory communication signal because it appears to manipulate the overall arousal or activity of behaviors. The shaking signal is most common in worker communication, but it is also evident in reproductive swarming. A worker bee vibrates its body dorsoventrally while holding another honey bee with its front legs. Jacobus Biesmeijer examined the incidence of shaking signals in a forager’s life and the conditions that led to its performance to investigate why the shaking signal is used in communication for food sources. Biesmeijer found that the experienced foragers executed 92.1% of the observed shaking signals. He also observed that 64% of the shaking signals were executed by experienced foragers after they had discovered a food source. About 71% of the shaking signal sessions occurred after the first five foraging success within one day. Then other communication signals, such as the waggle dance, were performed more often after the first five successes. Biesmeijer proved that most shakers are foragers and that the shaking signal is most often executed by foraging bees over pre-foraging bees. Beismeijer concluded that the shaking signal presents the overall message of transfer work for various activities or activity levels. Sometimes the signal serves to increase activity, when bees shake inactive bees. At other times, the signal serves as an inhibitory mechanism such as the shaking signal at the end of the day. However, the shaking signal is preferentially directed towards inactive bees. All three types of communication between honey bees are effective in their jobs with regards to foraging and task managing.
Trivia - Honeybees are one of the very few invertebrates in which sleep-like behavior, similar in many respects to mammalian sleep, is known to exist.
- Honey, as well as propolis, has antibiotic properties.
- Honeybees are one of the very few invertebrates that produce a sort of "milk" for their young, royal jelly, which is the only food the larvae will eat early in development.
- Like other social insects, they have an advanced immune system.
- They have specially modified hairs on their body that develop a static electricity charge to attract pollen grains to their bodies.
- They have a well developed sense of time (circadian rhythm).
- They navigate by using a combination of memory, visual landmarks, colors, the position of the sun, smell, polarized light and magnetic anomalies.
- Their aging is controlled by a hormone which regulates the production of a protein called vitellogenin.
- The honeybee was a prominent political symbol in the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte, representing the Bonapartist bureaucratic and political system.
- Honeybees have a form of non-viable parthenogenesis. Although the workers are able to produce drones as offspring, the drones' main purpose is to mate with the queen. Should the queen die, the drones do not reproduce.
Propolis is a wax-like resinous substance collected by bees from tree buds and used as cement and to seal cracks or open spaces in the hive. ...
Royal jelly is a type of bee secretion that aids in the development of immature or young bees. ...
A circadian rhythm is a roughly-24-hour cycle in the physiological processes of plants, animals, fungi and cyanobacteria. ...
This article needs to be wikified. ...
Bonaparte as general Napoleon Bonaparte ( 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a general of the French Revolution and was the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from November 11, 1799 to May 18, 1804, then as Emperor of the French (Empereur des Français...
In French political history, Bonapartists were monarchists who desired a French Empire under the House of Bonaparte, the Corsican family of Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon I of France) and his nephew Louis (Napoleon III of France). ...
Kaguya is one success from 460 attempts at growing embryos. ...
Designated state insect Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Little Rock Little Rock Area Ranked 29th - Total 53,179 sq mi (137,732 km²) - Width 239 miles (385 km) - Length 261 miles (420 km) - % water 2. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Raleigh Charlotte Area Ranked 28th - Total 53,865 sq. ...
Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Largest city Trenton Newark Area Ranked 47th - Total 8,729 sq. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 39th 33,414 sq mi 86,542 km² 190 miles 305 km 320 miles 515 km 13. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Lincoln Omaha Area Ranked 16th - Total 77,421 sq mi (200,520 km²) - Width 210 miles (340 km) - Length 430 miles (690 km) - % water 0. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Topeka Largest city Wichita Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 15th 82,277 mi²; 213,096 km² 211 mi; 340 km 400 mi; 645 km 0. ...
Official language(s) English and French Capital Baton Rouge Largest city New Orleans at last census; probably Baton Rouge since Hurricane Katrina Area Ranked 31st - Total 51,885 sq. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Largest city Montpelier Burlington Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 43rd 24 923 km² 130 km 260 km 3. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Largest city Madison Milwaukee Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 23rd 169,790 km² 420 km 500 km 17 42°30N to 47°3N 86°49W to 92°54W Population - Total (2000) - Density Ranked 18th 5,453,896 38. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Pierre Largest city Sioux Falls Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 17th 199,905 km² 340 km 610 km 1. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Jackson Largest city Jackson Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 32nd 125,443 km² 275 km 545 km 3 30°13N to 35°N 88°7W to 91°41W Population - Total (2000) - Density Ranked 31st 2,697,243 23. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Salt Lake City Salt Lake City Area Ranked 13th - Total 84,876 sq. ...
Official language(s) none, English most common Capital Largest city Jefferson City Kansas City Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 21st 69,709 sq mi 180,693 km² 240 miles 385 km 300 miles 480 km 1. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Nashville Largest city Memphis Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 36th 109,247 km² 195 km 710 km 2. ...
Official language(s) None Capital Oklahoma City Largest city Oklahoma City Area Ranked 20th - Total 69,960 sq. ...
Official language(s) English Capital Largest city Charleston Charleston Area - Total - Width - Length - % water - Latitude - Longitude Ranked 41st 62,809 km² 210 km 385 km 0. ...
See also Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wiktionary is a Wikimedia Foundation project intended to be a free wiki dictionary (hence: Wiktionary) (including thesaurus and lexicon) in every language. ...
Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...
The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...
Africanized honey bees (AHB), also known as “killer†bees, are hybrids of the African honeybee, Apis mellifera adansonii (or by other reports ), with various European honeybees such as the Italian bee Apis mellifera ligustica. ...
An Apiary in South Carolina, Langstroth hives on pallets An apiary (also known in the US as a bee yard) is a place where beehives of honeybees are kept. ...
Apitherapy is the medical use of honeybee products. ...
Families Andrenidae Apidae Colletidae Halictidae Megachilidae Melittidae Stenotritidae Bee collecting pollen Bees (Apoidea superfamily) are flying insects, closely related to wasps and ants. ...
Subfamilies Dorylomorph subfamilies Apomyrminae Cerapachyinae Dorylinae Ecitoninae Formicomorph subfamilies: Aneuretinae Dolichoderinae Formicinae - e. ...
Suborder Symphyta Apocrita See text for families. ...
Families Reticulitermes spp. ...
The mouth of a bees anatomy is complex. ...
Bees learn and communicate in order to find food sources and for other means. ...
A bee sting in the vernacular means a sting of a bee, wasp or hornet. ...
Bee venom therapy is a therapeutical use of bee stings. ...
It has been suggested that Langstroth hive be merged into this article or section. ...
It has been suggested that Honey flow be merged into this article or section. ...
This page is a candidate to be moved to Wikibooks. ...
Recently hatched honeybee larvae are feeding on royal jelly for three days. ...
The Buckfast hybrid bee was a honeybee developed by Brother Adam, (born Karl Kehrle) in 1898 in Germany, who was in charge of beekeeping at Buckfast Abbey. ...
The Carniolan honeybee (Apis mellifera carnica) is a sub-species of Western honeybee. ...
While easily confusable at a distance or without close observation, there are many different characteristics of bees and wasps which can be used to identify them. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Drones are male honeybees. ...
Common diseases, parasites, pests, and ailments of the honeybee include: // Varroa mites Varroa mite on a honeybee larva Main articles: Varroa destructor Varroa destructor and Varroa jacobsoni are parasitic mites that feed off the bodily fluids of adult, pupal and larval bees. ...
Apis mellifera ligustica is the Italian bee which is a sub-species of the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera). ...
Honeybees are social insects that live in a colony. ...
A laying worker bee is a worker bee that lays unfertilized eggs usually in the absence of a queen bee. ...
Langstroth hives on pallets The Langstroth bee hive is the standard beehive used in many parts of the world for bee keeping. ...
Races of honeybees Some biologists use race synonymously with subspecies or, in botany, variety, to refer to divisions within a species. ...
Pesticides vary in their effect on bees. ...
This article needs to be wikified. ...
Pollinator decline is based on observations made at the end of the twentieth century of the reduction in abundance of pollinators in many ecosystems worldwide. ...
// General Stingless bees belong to the subfamily Meliponinae in the family Apidae, which comprise the common honeybees, carpenter bees, orchid bees and the bumblebees. ...
New honeybee colonies are formed when queen bees leave the colony with a large group of worker bees, a process called swarming. ...
Supercedure is a term used in beekeeping. ...
For the Queen bee in clique & social groups, see Clique. ...
Top-bar hives are a style of beehive used for beekeeping. ...
The phrase Virgin Queen could refer to Elizabeth I of England, Queen of England from 1558 to 1603, she never married, thus was a virgin queen. ...
Binomial name Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 The Western honeybee (Apis mellifera) is a species of honeybee comprised of several subspecies or races. ...
A worker bee is a female honeybee which performs certain tasks in support of a bee colony (bees within a beehive). ...
Sources - Biesmeijer, Jacobus. "The Occurrence and Context of the Shaking Signal in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) Exploiting Natural Food Sources". Ethology. 2003.
- Kak, Subhash C. "The Honey Bee Dance Language Controversy". The Mankind Quarterly. 2001.
- Schneider, S. S., P. K. Visscher, Camazine, S. "Vibration Signal Behavior of Waggle-dancers in Swarms of the Honey Bee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Ethology. 1998.
- Gross, C. L., Mackay, D. "Honeybees reduce fitness in the pioneer shrub Melastoma affine (Melastomataceae)". Biological Conservation, November 1998.
- 'Honey Bee - Study of Northern Virginia Ecology'. URL accessed on 2006-01-01.
Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior considered as a branch of zoology. ...
2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
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