Apollo Spacecraft: Command Module, Service Module, Lunar Module.

The Apollo spacecraft was designed as part of the Apollo Program, by the United States in the early 1960s to land men on the moon before 1970 and return them safely to earth. This goal was set forth by President Kennedy after the first flight of the Mercury Space Program. The spacecraft was made up of multiple units or stages that worked together to perform the mission of landing on the moon and returning safely to earth. The main components of the Apollo spacecraft were (going from top to bottom) the launch escape system, the Command Module, the Service Module, the Lunar Module and the lunar module adapter. These stages together would sit atop the launch vehicle. Apollo Spacecraft - Command Module, Service Module, Lunar Module. ... Apollo Spacecraft - Command Module, Service Module, Lunar Module. ... Project Apollo was a series of human spaceflight missions undertaken by the United States of America (NASA) using the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn launch vehicle, conducted during the years 1961–1974. ... The 1960s decade refers to the years from January 1, 1960 to December 31, 1969, inclusive. ... Apparent magnitude: up to -12. ... Adjectives: Terrestrial, Terran, Telluric, Tellurian, Earthly Atmosphere Surface pressure: 101. ... JFK redirects here. ... Mercury program monument Project Mercury was the United States first manned spaceflight program. ... MyTravel Airways Airbus A320 landing Landing is the last part of a flight, where a flying animal or aircraft returns to the ground. ... The Command/Service Module (CSM) was a spacecraft built for NASA by North American Aviation. ... The Command/Service Module (CSM) was a spacecraft built for NASA by North American Aviation. ... Description Role: Lunar landing Crew: 2; CDR, LM pilot Dimensions Height: 20. ...

The principle was Lunar Orbit Rendezvous: A rocket would launch the spacecraft to the moon. The spacecraft would fly to the moon and orbit it. A smaller portion of the spacecraft would land on the moon and return to lunar orbit. Then a portion of the spacecraft would return to earth. A Soyuz rocket, at Baikanur launch pad. ... The Space Shuttle Discovery as seen from the International Space Station. ... m. ...

Launch vehicles: Little Joe II, Saturn I, Saturn IB, and Saturn V. For the Mercury program flight, see Little Joe 2. ... The Saturn I was Americas first large clustered rocket. ... The Saturn IB was an uprated version of the Saturn I, which was the first manned launch vehicle that was not directly derived from an ICBM (though its tanks were derived from the Jupiter and Redstone tanks, and its first stage engines were Navaho derived). ... For the moon designated Saturn V, see Rhea. ...

Launch Escape System (LES)

Apollo Spacecraft: Apollo Launch Escape System.

Pad Abort Test, showing pitch motor and launch escape motor in operation (NASA)

The purpose of the Apollo launch escape system was to pull the Command Module (which contained the crew cabin) away from the launch vehicle in an abort situation. Apollo Launch Escape System diagram. ... Apollo Launch Escape System diagram. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 507 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (634 × 750 pixel, file size: 66 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Apollo spacecraft Pad... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 507 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (634 × 750 pixel, file size: 66 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Apollo spacecraft Pad... Apollo LES Pad Abort test A Launch Escape System (LES) is a top-mounted rocket connected to the crew module of a crewed spacecraft and used to quickly separate and launch the crew module away from the rest of the rocket in the case of an emergency. ...

The emergency could be a pad fire, exploding launch vehicle or a launch vehicle going off course.

The Launch Escape System would work automatically (or through manual activation) to fire a solid fuel escape rocket and open a canard system to direct the Command Module away from, and off the path of, a launch vehicle in trouble. The Launch Escape System would then jettison and the Command Module would land with its parachute recovery system. The Apollo 15 capsule landed safely despite a parachute failure. ...

If the emergency happened on the launch pad, the Launch Escape System would lift the Command Module to a sufficient height to allow the recovery parachutes to deploy safely before coming in contact with the ground.

Major Components of the Launch Escape System (LES)

• Nose Cone and Q-Ball—The nosecone of the LES contained sensors to sense aerodynamic pressure ("Q"), and thereby determine the angle of attack, airspeed, and attitude of the spacecraft and launch vehicle. This structure, known as the Q-ball[1], relayed this information to the command module and the launch vehicle guidance system.
• Q-Ball cover—The Q-ball's pitot tubes, which could easily be clogged by debris, were protected by a styrofoam cover that was removed a few seconds before launch.[2] The Q-ball cover was split in half vertically and held together by a 2 inch rubber band. A razor blade was positioned behind the rubber band, pinched between the halves of the cover. A wire rope was connected to the top and bottom of the razor blade and to both halves of the cover. The wire rope was routed through a pulley on the hammerhead crane at the top of the launch umbilical tower (LUT) down to a tube on the right side of the 360 foot level of the LUT. The wire rope was connected to a cylindrical weight inside a tube. The weight rested on a lever controlled by a pneumatic solenoid valve. When the valve was actuated from the Launch Control Center (LCC), the pneumatic pressure of 600 PSI GN2 (nitrogen gas) rotated the lever down allowing the weight to drop down the tube. The dropping weight pulled the wire rope, which pulled the blade cutting the rubber band, and the wire rope pulled the halves of the Q-Ball away from the launch vehicle. The apparent overengineering of this simple system was due to the fact that the launch escape system, which depended on the Q-ball data, was armed 5 minutes before launch, so retraction of the Q-ball cover was a life-critical part of a possible pad abort.
• Canard Assembly and Pitch Motor—These worked in combination to direct the Command Module off a straight path and to the side during an emergency. This would direct the Command Module off the flight path of an exploding launch vehicle. It would also direct the Command Module to land off to the side of any launch pad fire and not in the middle of it.
• Tower Jettison Motor—A smaller solid fuel motor that jettisons the Launch Escape System after it is no longer needed. This usually happens after second stage ignition.
• Launch Escape Motor—The main solid fuel rocket motor that, firing through four rocket nozzles, pulls the Command Module rapidly away from a launch emergency.
• Launch Escape Tower—Assembly that attaches the Launch Escape System rocket motors to the Command Module.
• Boost Protective Cover—Hollow conical structure that fits over the Command Module during launch. It protects the Command Module heat shield and windows during ascent through the atmosphere. It also protects the Command Module from rocket exhaust should the Launch Escape System have to be used.

The Space Shuttle Columbia is initially launched using solid-fuel boosters Solid rockets are rockets with a motor that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). ...

Specifications

• Total Length: 10.2 m
• Diameter: 0.66 m
• Total mass: 9,200 lb (4,170 kg)
• Thrust: 155,000 lbf (689 kN)

Officially the pound is the name for at least three different units of mass: The pound (avoirdupois). ... The U.S. National Prototype Kilogram, which currently serves as the primary standard for measuring mass in the U.S. It was assigned to the United States in 1889 and is periodically recertified and traceable to the primary international standard, The Kilogram, held at the Bureau International des Poids et... Thrust is a reaction force described quantitatively by Newtons Second and Third Law. ... The pound-force is a non-SI unit of force or weight (properly abbreviated lbf or lbf). The pound-force is equal to a mass of one pound multiplied by the standard acceleration due to gravity on Earth (which is defined as exactly 9. ... The kilonewton, symbol kN, is an SI unit of force. ...

Pad Abort Tests

• Pad Abort Test-1 - Launch Escape System (LES) abort test from launch pad with Apollo Boilerplate BP-6.
• Pad Abort Test-2 - LES pad abort test of near Block-I CM with Apollo Boilerplate B-23A.

Pad Abort Test 1 was the first abort test of the Apollo spacecraft. ... Boilerplate version of Gemini spacecraft on display at Air Force Space and Missile Museum, Cape Canaveral, Florida October 15, 2004. ... Pad Abort Test 2 was the second pad abort test of the Apollo spacecraft. ...

Command Module (CM)

Main article: Apollo Command/Service Module

Apollo Spacecraft: Apollo Command Module Diagram.

The Command Module was the control center for the Apollo spacecraft and living quarters for the crew. It contained the pressurized main crew cabin, crew couches, control and instrument panel, optical and electronic guidance systems, communications systems, environmental control system, batteries, heat shield, reaction control system, forward docking hatch, side hatch, five windows and the parachute recovery system. The Command/Service Module (CSM) was a spacecraft built for NASA by North American Aviation. ... Apollo Command Module diagram Downloaded from the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Image Exchange (MIX) Server: http://mix. ... Apollo Command Module diagram Downloaded from the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Image Exchange (MIX) Server: http://mix. ... The Apollo Primary Guidance, Navigation and Control System (PGNCS) (pronounced pings) was a self-contained inertial guidance system that allowed Apollo spacecraft to carry out their missions when communications with Earth were interrupted, either as expected, when the spacecraft were behind the moon, or in case of a communications failure. ... In aeronautics, a heat shield is a protective layer on a spacecraft or ballistic missile that is designed to protect it from high temperatures, usually those that result from aerobraking during entry into a planets atmosphere. ...

Specifications

• Crew: 3
• Crew cabin volume: 6.17 m³
• Length: 3.47 m
• Diameter: 3.90 m
• Mass: 5,806 kg
• Structure Mass: 1,567 kg
• Heat Shield Mass: 848 kg
• RCS Mass: 400 kg
• Recovery Equipment Mass: 245 kg
• Navigation Equipment Mass: 505 kg
• Telemetry Equipment Mass: 200 kg
• Electrical Equipment Mass: 700 kg
• Communications Systems Mass: 100 kg
• Crew Couches and Provisions Mass: 550 kg
• Environmental Control System Mass: 200 kg
• Misc. Contingency Mass: 200 kg
• RCS Thrust: 12 x 420 N
• RCS Propellants: N₂O₄/UDMH
• RCS Engine Propellants: 75 kg
• RCS Specific Impulse I_sp: 290 s (2.84 kN·s/kg)
• RCS Impulse: 257 kN·s
• Electric System Batteries: 20.0 kW·h, 1000 A·h

Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine) is a hypergolic rocket fuel ingredient, often used in combination with the oxidiser nitrogen tetroxide. ...

Service Module (SM)

Main article: Apollo Command/Service Module

Apollo Spacecraft: Apollo Service Module Diagram.

The Service Module was a portion of the spacecraft that is unpressurized and contains fuel cells, batteries, high gain antenna, radiators, water, oxygen, hydrogen, reaction control system, propellant to enter and leave lunar orbit, and service propulsion system. On Apollo 15, 16 and 17 it also carried a scientific instrument package, mapping camera and a small sub-satellite to study the moon. The Command/Service Module (CSM) was a spacecraft built for NASA by North American Aviation. ... Apollo Service Module diagram Downloaded from the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Image Exchange (MIX) Server. ... Apollo Service Module diagram Downloaded from the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Image Exchange (MIX) Server. ...

A major portion of the service module is taken up by propellant and the main rocket engine that placed the Apollo spacecraft into and out of lunar orbit. The main rocket engine was also used for mid-course corrections between the earth and the moon. It was capable of multiple restarts. During Apollo 13, a faulty wire in the SM short circuited, causing the massive explosion which forced a mission abort. Apollo 13 was the third manned lunar-landing mission, part of Project Apollo under the NASA in the United States. ...

It remained attached to the Command Module throughout the mission. It was jettisoned just prior to reentry into the earth's atmosphere.

Specifications

• Length: 7.56 m
• Diameter: 3.90 m
• Mass: 24,523 kg
• Structure Mass: 1,910 kg
• Electrical Equipment Mass: 1,200 kg
• RCS Thrust: 16 × 440 N
• Propellants: N₂O₄/UDMH
• RCS Specific Impulse I_sp: 290 s (2.84 kN·s/kg)
• RCS Impulse: 3,517 kN·s
• Service Propulsion Engine (SPS) Engine Mass: 3,000 kg
• SPS Engine Thrust: 98 kN
• SPS Engine Propellants: N₂O₄/Aerozine 50 (UDMH/N₂H₄)
• SPS Engine Propellants: 18,413 kg
• SPS Engine Specific Impulse I_sp: 314 s (3.08 kN·s/kg)
• Spacecraft Delta-V: 2.804 km/s
• Electrical System: Fuel Cells
• Electric System: 6.30 average kW, 670 kW·h

Aerozine 50 is a 50/50 mix of hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH). ...

Lunar Module (LM)

Main article: Apollo Lunar Module

Apollo Spacecraft: Apollo Lunar Module Diagram.

The Lunar Module was the portion of the Apollo spacecraft that landed on the moon and returned to lunar orbit. It is divided into two major parts, the Descent Module and the Ascent Module. It was designed specifically for flight in space. It supplied life support systems for two astronauts for a total of four to five days. The spacecraft was designed and manufactured by the Grumman Aircraft Company led by Tom Kelly. The LEM flight instrumentation panel and front windows. ... Apollo Lunar Module diagram I created this diagram in Paint Shop Pro from several NASA photos downloaded from the NASA NIX IMAGE SERVER website: http://nix. ... Apollo Lunar Module diagram I created this diagram in Paint Shop Pro from several NASA photos downloaded from the NASA NIX IMAGE SERVER website: http://nix. ... The Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation, was a leading producer of military and civilian aircraft of the 20th century. ...

The Descent Module contains the landing gear, landing radar antenna, descent rocket engine, and fuel to land on the moon. It also had several cargo compartments used to carry among other things, the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Packages ALSEP, Mobile Equipment Cart (a hand pulled equipment cart - Apollo 14) the Lunar Rover (moon car - Apollo 15, 16 and 17), surface television camera, surface tools and lunar sample collection boxes. The Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package, or ALSEP, was a set of connected scientific instruments left on the Moon when the Apollo program ended. ... Apollo 14 was the eighth manned mission in the Apollo program and the third mission to land on the Moon. ... Lunar Rover-Manned land vehicle (NASA) The Lunar Roving Vehicle or Lunar rover or LRV is a land vehicle for use on the Moon. ... Apollo 15 was the ninth manned mission in the Apollo program and the fourth mission to land on the Moon. ... Apollo 16 was the tenth manned mission in the Apollo program and the fifth mission to land on the Moon. ... Apollo 17 was the eleventh manned space mission in the NASA Apollo program. ...

The Ascent Module contains the crew cabin, instrument panels, overhead hatch/docking port, forward hatch, optical and electronic guidance systems, reaction control system, radar and communications antennas, ascent rocket engine and fuel to return to lunar orbit and rendezvous with the Apollo Command and Service Modules. The Apollo Primary Guidance, Navigation and Control System (PGNCS) (pronounced pings) was a self-contained inertial guidance system that allowed Apollo spacecraft to carry out their missions when communications with Earth were interrupted, either as expected, when the spacecraft were behind the moon, or in case of a communications failure. ... A space rendezvous between two spacecraft, often between a spacecraft and a space station, is an orbital maneuver where the two arrive at the same orbit, make the orbital velocities the same, and bring them together (an approach maneuver, taxiing maneuver); it may or may not include docking. ...

Specifications

Ascent Stage

• Crew: 2
• Crew cabin volume: 6.65 m³
• Height: 3.54 m
• Diameter: 4.27 m
• Ascent Stage Mass: 4,547 kg
• Ascent Engine Propellants: 2,358 kg
• RCS Thrust: 16 × 440 N
• RCS Propellants: N₂O₄/UDMH
• RCS Specific Impulse I_sp: 290 s (2.84 kN·s/kg)
• Ascent Engine Thrust: 16 kN
• Ascent Engine Propellants: N₂O₄/Aerozine 50 (UDMH/N₂H₄)
• Ascent Engine Engine I_sp: 311 s (3.05 kN·s/kg)
• Ascent Stage Delta-V: 2.22 km/s
• Electric System Batteries: 17 kW·h, 800 A·h

Aerozine 50 is a 50/50 mix of hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH). ...

Descent Stage

• Height: 2.83 m
• Diameter: 4.21 m
• Landing Gear Diameter: 9.37 m
• Descent Stage Mass: 10,149 kg
• Descent Engine Propellants: 8,165 kg
• Descent Engine Thrust: 44 kN
• Descent Engine Propellants: N₂O₄/Aerozine 50 (UDMH/N₂H₄)
• Descent Engine Engine Specific Impulse I_sp: 311 s (3.05 kN·s/kg)
• Descent Stage Delta-V: 2.47 km/s
• Electric System Batteries: 33 kW·h, 1,600 A·h

Aerozine 50 is a 50/50 mix of hydrazine and unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazine (UDMH). ...

Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter (SLA)

Apollo SLA diagram.

The Spacecraft Lunar Module Adapter (SLA) was a conical aluminum structure which supported the Service Module above the Saturn S-IVB rocket stage. It protected the Lunar Module, the Service Propulsion System engine nozzle, and the launch vehicle to Service Module umbilical during launch and ascent through the atmosphere. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x833, 74 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x833, 74 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The S-IVB (sometimes S4b) was built by the Douglas Aircraft Company and served as the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB. It had one J-2 engine. ... Description Role: Lunar landing Crew: 2; CDR, LM pilot Dimensions Height: 20. ...

The SLA was composed of four fixed seven foot long panels bolted to the Instrument Unit on top of the S-IVB stage, which were connected via hinges to four twenty-one foot long panels which would open from the top similar to flower petals. Diagram of Saturn V Instrument Unit. ... The S-IVB (sometimes S4b) was built by the Douglas Aircraft Company and served as the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB. It had one J-2 engine. ...

The SLA was made from 1.7 inch (42.5 mm) thick aluminum honeycomb material.[3] The exterior of the SLA was covered by a thin (0.03–0.2 inch, 1–5 mm) layer of cork and painted white to minimize thermal stresses during launch and ascent.[4]

The Service Module was bolted to a flange at the top of the longer panels, and power to the SLA multiply-redundant pyrotechnics was provided by an umbilical. Because a failure to separate from the S-IVB stage could leave the crew stranded in orbit, the separation system used multiple signal paths, multiple detonators and multiple explosive charges where the detonation of one charge would set off another even if the detonator on that charge failed to function. The S-IVB (sometimes S4b) was built by the Douglas Aircraft Company and served as the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB. It had one J-2 engine. ...

Once in space, the astronauts pressed the 'CSM/LV Sep' button on the control panel to separate the Command and Service Module from the launch vehicle. Detonating cord was ignited around the flange between the Service Module and SLA, and along the joints between the four SLA panels, releasing the Service Module and blowing apart the connections between the panels. Dual-redundant pyrotechnic thrusters at the lower end of the SLA panels then fired to rotate them around the hinges at 30-60 degrees per second.

Artist's conception of SLA panel separation in space on the Apollo 8 mission.

On the Apollo 7 flight the SLA panels were retained on the S-IVB, but concerns about collision between the CSM and the SLA panels when docking with the Lunar Module led to a decision that the Saturn V launches would release the panels during the separation process. When they opened to an angle of approximately 45 degrees the hinges connecting the moving panels to the fixed panels disengaged, and springs pushed the panels away from the S-IVB at a velocity of around five miles per hour. Hence by the time the astronauts had rotated the Command/Service Module through one hundred and eighty degrees in preparation for docking, the panels were a safe distance away with no chance of a collision occurring. Image File history File links ApolloSpacecraftLMAdapterSeperation. ... Image File history File links ApolloSpacecraftLMAdapterSeperation. ... The S-IVB (sometimes S4b) was built by the Douglas Aircraft Company and served as the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB. It had one J-2 engine. ... Description Role: Lunar landing Crew: 2; CDR, LM pilot Dimensions Height: 20. ... The S-IVB (sometimes S4b) was built by the Douglas Aircraft Company and served as the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB. It had one J-2 engine. ... A space rendezvous between two spacecraft, often between a spacecraft and a space station, is an orbital maneuver where the two arrive at the same orbit, make the orbital velocities the same, and bring them together (an approach maneuver, taxiing maneuver); it may or may not include docking. ...

The Lunar Module was connected to the SLA at four points around the lower panels. After the astronauts docked the CSM to the LEM, they blew charges to separate those connections and a guillotine severed the LEM to Instrument Unit umbilical. After the charges fired, springs pushed the LEM away from the S-IVB and the astronauts were free to continue their trip to the Moon. Description Role: Lunar landing Crew: 2; CDR, LM pilot Dimensions Height: 20. ... Diagram of Saturn V Instrument Unit. ... The S-IVB (sometimes S4b) was built by the Douglas Aircraft Company and served as the third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB. It had one J-2 engine. ...

Specifications

• Height: 8.5 m (28 ft)
• Apex Diameter: 3.9 m (12 ft 10 in) Service Module end
• Base Diameter: 6.6 m (21 ft 8 in) S-IVB end
• Weight: 1,837 kg (4,050 lb)
• Volume: 190 m³ (6,700 ft³), 140 m³ (5,000 ft³) usable

Abort modes

• Apollo abort modes
• Pad Abort Test-1 - Launch Escape System (LES) abort test from launch pad with Apollo Boilerplate BP-6.
• Pad Abort Test-2 - LES pad abort test of near Block-I CM with Apollo Boilerplate B-23A.

During the course of the launch of an Apollo spacecraft by the Saturn V rocket there were several ways for the crew and computers to abort the flight. ... Pad Abort Test 1 was the first abort test of the Apollo spacecraft. ... Boilerplate version of Gemini spacecraft on display at Air Force Space and Missile Museum, Cape Canaveral, Florida October 15, 2004. ... Pad Abort Test 2 was the second pad abort test of the Apollo spacecraft. ...

Current locations of Command and Lunar Modules

AS-202 Command Module - USS Hornet, Alameda, California Eight ships of the United States Navy have been named USS Hornet, after the stinging insect. ... Nickname: The Island City Location in the state of California and Alameda County County Alameda Mayor Beverly Johnson (D) Area    - City 59. ...

Apollo 1 Command Module - Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia Langley Research Center NASA Langley 14 x 22 foot Subsonic Wind Tunnel. ... Motto: Americas First Location in the State of Virginia Coordinates: County Independent City Mayor Ross Kearney II Area    - City 352. ...

Apollo 5 Lunar Module - Burned up in Earth's atmosphere

Apollo 6 Command Module - Fernbank Science Center, Atlanta, Georgia The Fernbank Science Center is a museum, classroom, and woodland complex located northeast of Atlanta, Georgia. ... Hotlanta redirects here. ...

Apollo 7 Command Module - Frontiers of Flight Museum, Dallas, Texas Nickname: Big D Location in the state of Texas Country United States State Texas Counties Dallas, Collin, Denton, Kaufman, and Rockwall Incorporated 2 February 1856  - Mayor Laura Miller Area    - City  385. ...

Apollo 8 Command Module - Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago), Chicago, Illinois The Museum of Science and Industry is housed in the only surviving building from the 1893 World Columbian Exposition and is a National Historic Landmark. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ...

Apollo 9 Command Module "Gumdrop" - San Diego Aerospace Museum, San Diego, California San Diego Aerospace Museum is an aviation and space exploration museum in San Diego, California. ... Nickname: Americas Finest City Location of San Diego within San Diego County Coordinates: Country United States State California County San Diego Founded July 16, 1769 Incorporated March 27, 1850 Government  - Mayor Jerry Sanders  - City Attorney Michael Aguirre  - City Council Scott Peters Kevin Faulconer Toni Atkins Tony Young Brian Maienschein...

Apollo 9 Lunar Module "Spider" - Burned up in Earth's atmosphere

Apollo 10 Command Module "Charlie Brown" - Science Museum, London, England Image:Science Museum bernoulli exhibit. ... London — containing the City of London — is the capital of the United Kingdom and of England and a major world city. With over seven million inhabitants (Londoners) in Greater London area, it is amongst the most densely populated areas in Western Europe. ...

Apollo 10 Lunar Module "Snoopy" - In heliocentric orbit A heliocentric orbit is an orbit around the sun. ...

Apollo 11 Command Module "Columbia" - National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C. National Air and Space Museum exterior The National Air and Space Museum (NASM) of the Smithsonian Institution is a museum in Washington, D.C., United States. ... Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - City Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D...

Apollo 11 Lunar Module "Eagle" - Jettisoned from Columbia on July 21, 1969 at 23:41 UT Impact site unknown July 21 is the 202nd day (203rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 163 days remaining. ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ...

Apollo 12 Command Module "Yankee Clipper" - Virginia Air and Space Center, Hampton, Virginia Motto: Americas First Location in the State of Virginia Coordinates: County Independent City Mayor Ross Kearney II Area    - City 352. ...

Apollo 12 Lunar Module "Intrepid" - Impacted Moon on November 20, 1969 at 22:17:17.7 UT 3.94 S, 21.20 W November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ...

Apollo 13 Command Module "Odyssey" - Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center, Hutchinson, Kansas The Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center is a museum and educational facility in Hutchinson, Kansas that is best known for the display and restoration of space artifacts. ... Hutchinson is the largest city and county seat of Reno County, Kansas, 219 miles (353 km) west of Kansas City, Mo. ...

Apollo 13 Lunar Module "Aquarius" - Burned up in Earth's atmosphere April 17, 1970 April 17 is the 107th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (108th in leap years). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ...

Apollo 14 Command Module "Kitty Hawk" - Astronaut Hall of Fame, Titusville, Florida Titusville is a city in Brevard County, Florida, United States. ...

Apollo 14 Lunar Module "Antares" - Impacted Moon on February 7, 1971 at 00:45:25.7 UT 3.42 S, 19.67 W February 7 is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ...

Apollo 15 Command Module "Endeavor" - National Museum of the United States Air Force, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Dayton, Ohio The National Museum of the United States Air Force (formerly the United States Air Force Museum) is the official national museum of the United States Air Force and is located at Wright-Patterson AFB, east of Dayton, Ohio. ... Wright-Patterson Air Force Base is a U.S. Air Force base in Greene and Montgomery counties, adjacent to Riverside, Fairborn, Beavercreek, and Dayton, Ohio. ... Nickname: Gem City Coordinates: Country United States State Ohio County Montgomery Founded April 1, 1796 Incorporated 1805 Government  - Mayor Rhine L. McLin Area  - City  56. ...

Apollo 15 Lunar Module "Falcon" - Impacted Moon on August 4, 1971 at 03:03:37.0 UT 26.36 N, 0.25 E August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ...

Apollo 16 Command Module "Casper" - U.S. Space & Rocket Center, Huntsville, Alabama Some of the rockets in the U.S. Space & Rocket Center. ... Nickname: Rocket City Watercress Capital of the World Coordinates: Country United States State Alabama County Madison, Limestone Government  - Mayor Loretta Spencer Area  - City 174. ...

Apollo 16 Lunar Module "Orion" - Released on April 24, 1972, loss of attitude control made targeted impact impossible, impact site unknown April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (115th in leap years). ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...

Apollo 17 Command Module "America" - NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas An aerial view of the complete Johnson Space Center facility in Houston, Texas in 1989. ... Nickname: Space City Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Country United States State Texas Counties Harris County Fort Bend County Montgomery County Incorporated June 5, 1837 Government  - Mayor Bill White Area  - City  601. ...

Apollo 17 Lunar Module "Challenger" - Impacted Moon on December 15, 1972 at 06:50:20.8 UT 19.96 N, 30.50 E December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...

Apollo-Soyuz Command Module - California Science Center, Los Angeles, California The California Science Center (sometimes spelled California Sciencenter) is a museum in Los Angeles. ... Nickname: City of Angels Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates: State California County Los Angeles County Incorporated April 4, 1850 Government  - Type Mayor-Council  - Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D)  - City Attorney Rocky Delgadillo  - Governing body City Council Area  - City  498. ...

Apollo-Soyuz Test Command Module - Museum of Flight, Seattle, Washington For the Museum of Flight in East Lothian, Scotland, see Museum of Flight (Scotland). ... Nickname: The Emerald City Location of Seattle in King County and Washington Coordinates: Country United States State Washington County King County Incorporated December 2 1869 Government  - Mayor Greg Nickels (NP) Area  - City  142. ...

Skylab 2 / Crew 1 Command Module - National Museum of Naval Aviation, Pensacola, Florida The National Museum of Naval Aviation is located at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida. ... Nickname: The City of Five Flags Location of Pensacola (top left) in Florida Country United States State Florida County Escambia  - Mayor John Fogg Area    - City 39. ...

Skylab 3 / Crew 2 Command Module - NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio Aerial View of Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field The Glenn Research Center is a NASA center, located in Cleveland, Ohio between Cleveland Hopkins International Airport and the Rocky River Reservation (part of the Cleveland Metroparks). ... Cleveland redirects here. ...

Skylab 4 / Crew 3 Command Module - National Air and Space Museum, Washington, D.C. National Air and Space Museum exterior The National Air and Space Museum (NASM) of the Smithsonian Institution is a museum in Washington, D.C., United States. ... Nickname: DC, The District Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - City Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D...

References

• North American Rockwell, 'Apollo Command Module News Reference', 1968.