 Beneath Apple DOS was a popular guide to Apple DOS. Apple DOS refers to operating systems for the Apple II series of microcomputers from 1978 through early 1983. Also known simply as DOS 3.x, Apple DOS had three major releases: DOS 3.1, DOS 3.2, and DOS 3.3; each one of these three releases was followed by a second, minor "bug-fix" release, but only in the case of DOS 3.2 did that minor release receive its own version number, DOS 3.2.1. The best-known and most-used version is DOS 3.3 in the 1980 and 1983 releases. The term software company could be applied to; a) a company that produces software or b) a company that distributes software from a third party or c) a company that provides services for software. ...
A software developer is a programmer who concerns him/herself with one or more facets of the software development process, a somewhat broader scope of computer programming. ...
Apple Computer, Inc. ...
The text below is generated by a template, which has been proposed for deletion. ...
1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...
It has been suggested that Microkernel be merged into this article or section. ...
It has been suggested that Microkernel be merged into this article or section. ...
The user interface is the part of a system exposed to users. ...
A software license is a type of proprietary or gratuitous license as well as a memorandum of contract between a producer and a user of computer software — sometimes called an End User License Agreement (EULA) — that specifies the perimeters of the permission granted by the owner to the user. ...
The front page of the English Wikipedia Web site. ...
Image File history File links Cover of Beneath Apple DOS (image taken from http://apple2history. ...
Image File history File links Cover of Beneath Apple DOS (image taken from http://apple2history. ...
In computing, an operating system (OS) is the system software responsible for the direct control and management of hardware and basic system operations. ...
The Apple II was one of the most popular personal computers of the 1980s. ...
The tower of a personal computer. ...
1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ...
1983 (MCMLXXXIII) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...
1983 (MCMLXXXIII) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Apple DOS 3.1, which was the first disk-based operating system for any Apple computer, was released in June 1978 for the Apple II, which had been on the market for a little less than one year at that point. Prior to the release of DOS 3.1, Apple users had had to rely on audio cassette tapes for data storage and retrieval, but that method was notoriously slow, inconvenient and unreliable. In computing, an operating system (OS) is the system software responsible for the direct control and management of hardware and basic system operations. ...
1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ...
DOS 1 and DOS 2 were purely internal development versions; DOS 3.0 was never publicly released either as it had some remaining bugs. DOS 3.1 was largely written by Steve Wozniak, Randy Wigginton, and outside contractor Paul Laughton and was closely tied to the Integer BASIC programming language. It lacked any sort of official documentation from Apple, much to the dismay of many programmers. DOS 3.1 used 13 sectors of data per disk track, each sector being 256 bytes in size. It used 35 tracks per disk side, and could access only one side of the floppy disk, unless the user flipped the disk over. This gave the user a total storage capacity of 113.75 KB per disk side, of which about 10 KB were used to store DOS itself and the disk directory, leaving about 100KB for user programs. Steve Wozniak—or The Woz—invented the Apple II, the computer that launched Apple Computer. ...
Integer BASIC, written by Steve Wozniak, was the BASIC interpreter included in ROM on the original Apple II computer at release in 1977, and as such was the first version of BASIC used by many early home computer owners. ...
Apple Computer, Inc. ...
A kilobyte (derived from the SI prefix kilo-) is a unit of information or computer storage equal to either 1024 or 1000 bytes. ...
Apple DOS 3.2 was released in 1979 to reflect major changes in computer booting methods that were built into the successor of the Apple II, the Apple II Plus. Instead of the original Integer BASIC, the newer Applesoft BASIC was written into the ROM of the II+. Also, the new ROM had an updated computer reset function, which could boot a disk automatically when the II+ was powered up. This page refers to the year 1979. ...
Integer BASIC, written by Steve Wozniak, was the BASIC interpreter included in ROM on the original Apple II computer at release in 1977, and as such was the first version of BASIC used by many early home computer owners. ...
Applesoft BASIC was the second dialect of BASIC supplied on the Apple II computer, superseding Integer BASIC. Applesoft BASIC was supplied by Microsoft; Apple was looking for a new version of BASIC for the Apple II Plus computer with 48 KB of RAM, and after success with Altair BASIC, Microsoft...
Read-only memory (ROM) is used as a storage medium in computers. ...
Apple DOS 3.3 was released in 1980. DOS 3.3 improved various functions of DOS 3.2, while also allowing for large gains in available floppy disk storage; the newer P5A/P6A PROMs in the disk controller could read and write data at a higher density, so that instead of 13 sectors, 16 sectors of data could be stored per disk track, increasing the capacity to 140 KB per disk side, with about 130KB available for user programs. Unfortunately, this had the side effect of making it difficult to read disks formatted in DOS 3.1 or 3.2 when the computer was running DOS 3.3. To counteract this problem, Apple Computer released a utility called "MUFFIN" to migrate DOS 3.2 files and programs to DOS 3.3. To migrate DOS 3.3 files in the reverse direction, back to DOS 3.2, users came up with a "NIFFUM" utility, but Apple Computer never oficially supported transfers in that direction. 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...
A floppy disk is a data storage device that is composed of a circular piece of thin, flexible (i. ...
In the United States, a prom is a formal dance held at the end of the second-to-last and last years of high school, called junior prom and senior prom respectively. ...
DOS 3.3 also improved ability to switch between the old Integer BASIC and the newer AppleSoft BASIC if the user had a "Language Card" memory expansion.
Without third-party patches, Apple DOS could only read floppy disks running in a 5.25-inch Disk II disk drive and could not access hard disk drives, virtual RAM drives, or 3.5-inch floppy disk drives. The structure of DOS was such that it was not possible to have more than 400 KB available per drive without a major rewrite of almost all sections of the code; this was the main reason Apple abandoned DOS in 1983, when Apple DOS was entirely replaced by ProDOS. Random access memory (sometimes random-access memory), commonly known by its acronym RAM, is a type of computer storage (in practice only computer chips) whose contents can be accessed in any (i. ...
1983 (MCMLXXXIII) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
For Australian-based Objectivist Prodos Marinakis and the prodos institute, see here. ...
ProDOS retained the 16-sector low-level format of DOS 3.3 for 5.25 inch disks, but introduced a new high-level format that was suitable for devices up to 32 MB in size; this made it suitable for hard disks and 3.5-inch floppies. All the Apple computers from the Apple II Plus onward can run both DOS 3.3 and ProDOS, the Apple II Plus requiring a "Language Card" memory expansion to use ProDOS; the Apple //e and later models had built-in Language Card hardware, and so could run ProDOS out of the box. ProDOS included software to copy files from Apple DOS disks. However many people who had no need for the improvements of ProDOS (and who didn't like its much higher memory footprint) continued using Apple DOS or one of its clones long after 1983. The Apple convention to store a bootable OS on every single floppy disk meant that commercial software could be used no matter what OS the user owned. This article is about a unit of data measurement. ...
For Australian-based Objectivist Prodos Marinakis and the prodos institute, see here. ...
The Jargon File has this definition for clone: An exact duplicate: Our product is a clone of their product. ...
References
- Worth, Don, and Pieter Lechner. Beneath Apple DOS. Quality Software, 1981. ISBN 0-912985-00-3
1981 (MCMLXXXI) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
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