Apple Inc. (NASDAQ: AAPL, LSE: ACP, FWB: APC), formerly Apple Computer, Inc., is an American multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing consumer electronics and closely related software products. Established in Cupertino, California on April 1, 1976, Apple develops, sells, and supports a series of personal computers, portable media players, mobile phones, computer software, and computer hardware and hardware accessories. As of September 2007, the company operates 194 retail stores in the United States, and more in the United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, and Italy,^[3] and online stores where hardware and software products are sold. The iTunes Store provides music, audiobooks, iPod games, music videos, episodes of television programs, and movies which can be downloaded using iTunes on Mac or Windows, and also on the iPod touch and the iPhone. The company's best-known hardware products include the Macintosh line of personal computers, the iPod line of portable media players, and the iPhone. Apple's software products include the Mac OS X operating system, the iLife suite of multimedia and creativity software, and Final Cut Studio, a suite of professional audio- and film-industry software products. Image File history File links Apple-logo. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... NASDAQ in Times Square, New York City. ... The Source by Greyworld, in the new LSE building Paternoster Square. ... The Frankfurt Stock Exchange (outside) The DAX chart (inside) The Frankfurt Stock Exchange (German: FWB® Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) is a stock exchange located in Frankfurt, Germany. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_California. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Location of Cupertino within Santa Clara County, California. ... Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24, 1955) is the co-founder, chairman and CEO of Apple Inc. ... “Chief executive” redirects here. ... An entrepreneur (a loanword from French introduced and first defined by the Irish economist Richard Cantillon) is a person who operates a new enterprise or venture and assumes some accountability for the inherent risks. ... Stephan Gary Woz Wozniak (born August 11, 1950 in San Jose, California) is an American computer engineer and the co-founder of Apple Computer (now Apple Inc. ... Timothy D. Cook. ... A Chief Operating Officer (COO) is a corporate officer responsible for managing the day-to-day activities of the corporation. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... “CFO” redirects here. ... Philip W. Schiller Philip W. Schiller (born 1960) is the senior vice president of worldwide product marketing at Apple Inc. ... A vice president is an officer in government or business who is next in rank below a president. ... For the magazine, see Marketing (magazine). ... Jonathan Paul Ive CBE (born February 1967) is Senior Vice President of Industrial Design at Apple Inc. ... Industrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of products may be improved for marketability and production. ... Tony Fadell Tony fadel Rubinstein]] in 2006. ... iPod is a brand of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple and launched in October 2001. ... Ron Johnson Ron Johnson is the Senior Vice President of Retail Operations at Apple Computer. ... Drawing of a self-service store. ... Sina Tamaddon Sina Tamaddon is the Senior Vice President of Applications for Apple Computer. ... Application software is a subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform. ... Bertrand Serlet is senior vice president of software engineering at Apple Inc[1]. He succeeded Avie Tevanian to the position in July 2003[2]. In this position he has been primarily responsible for the release of the 10. ... Software engineering (SE) is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software. ... Scott Forstall is Vice President of iPhone Software at Apple Inc. ... In computing, a platform describes some sort of framework, either in hardware or software, which allows software to run. ... Computer hardware is the physical part of a computer, including the digital circuitry, as distinguished from the computer software that executes within the hardware. ... Software redirects here. ... Consumer electronics is a term used to describe the category of electronic equipment intended for everyday use by people, the consumers. ... For other uses, see Macintosh (disambiguation) and Mac. ... Mac OS X (pronounced ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ... Mac OS X Server is the server-oriented version of Apples operating system, Mac OS X. Mac OS X, in both desktop and server versions, is a Unix operating system based on technology that Apple acquired from NeXT Computer. ... iPod is a brand of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple and launched in October 2001. ... QuickTime is a multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... iWork is a suite of applications created by Apple Inc. ... Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Inc. ... Apple Remote Desktop (ARD) is a Macintosh application produced by Apple Computer, first released on March 14, 2002, that replaced a similar product called Apple Network Assistant. ... Xsan is Apple Inc. ... Image:Fcstudio2 box. ... Aperture is a software program for Mac OS X announced by Apple Inc at a New York media event on October 19, 2005, designed to assist professional photographers in post-production work. ... Logic Studio is a music production suite by Apple Inc. ... Dual 30 Apple Cinema HD Displays Previous-generation Apple Studio Display (the Studio Display in an aspect ratio of 4:3 instead of 16:10) The Apple Cinema Display is a product line of widescreen flat panel monitors made by Apple Inc. ... A small Xserve cluster with an Xserve RAID. Xserve is the name of Apple Computers Macintosh 1U rackmount line of server computers. ... Xserve RAID is Apple Computers mass storage rack mounted device. ... For the Internet appliance line, see Linksys iPhone. ... Apple TV is a digital media receiver designed, marketed and sold by Apple. ... For the tax agency in Ireland of the same name, see Revenue Commissioners. ... USD redirects here. ... One thousand million (1,000,000,000) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... In commerce, the trailing twelve months (TTM) is a moving measurement (for example, an average or a sum) over the 12 previous months. ... A fiscal year (or financial year or accounting reference date) is a 12-month period used for calculating annual (yearly) financial statements in businesses and other organizations. ... Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), also known as operating income and operating profit, is a term used to describe a companys earnings. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... In economics, operating margin is the ratio of operating income divided by sales revenue. ... Net income is equal to the income that a firm has after subtracting costs and expenses from the total revenue. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Profit margin is a measure of profitability. ... This article is about work. ... is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... NASDAQ in Times Square, New York City. ... The Source by Greyworld, in the new LSE building Paternoster Square. ... The Frankfurt Stock Exchange (outside) The DAX chart (inside) The Frankfurt Stock Exchange (German: FWB® Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) is a stock exchange located in Frankfurt, Germany. ... A multinational corporation (or transnational corporation) (MNC/TNC) is a corporation or enterprise that manages production establishments or delivers services in at least two countries. ... Consumer electronics is a term used to describe the category of electronic equipment intended for everyday use by people, the consumers. ... Computer software (or simply software) refers to one or more computer programs and data held in the storage of a computer for some purpose. ... Location of Cupertino within Santa Clara County, California. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... A portable multimedia player (PMP) is a self-reliant electronic device that is capable of storing and playing files in one or more media formats. ... Software redirects here. ... Computer hardware is the physical part of a computer, including the digital circuitry, as distinguished from the computer software that executes within the hardware. ... This article is about the retail chain. ... The iTunes Store is an online business run by Apple Inc. ... An audio book is a recording of the contents of a book read aloud. ... A music video is a short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music, most commonly a song. ... An episode is a part of a dramatic work such as a serial television or radio program. ... A television program (US), television programme (UK) or simply television show is a segment of programming in television broadcasting. ... This article is about motion pictures. ... This article is about the iTunes application. ... Windows redirects here. ... The iPod touch is an iPod portable media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. ... For the Internet appliance line, see Linksys iPhone. ... For other uses, see Macintosh (disambiguation) and Mac. ... iPod is a brand of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple and launched in October 2001. ... For the Internet appliance line, see Linksys iPhone. ... Mac OS X (pronounced ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ... An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer and provides programmers with an interface used to access those resources. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Image:Fcstudio2 box. ...

The company, incorporated January 3, 1977,^[4] was known as "Apple Computer, Inc." for its first 30 years. On January 9, 2007, the company dropped "Computer" from its corporate name.^[5] The change followed Apple's announcement of its new iPhone smartphone and Apple TV digital video system and reflects the company's ongoing expansion into the consumer electronics market in addition to its traditional focus on personal computers.^[6] is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... A Sony Ericsson Smartphone (Model P910i) with touch screen and QWERTY keyboard Look up smartphone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Digital video is a type of video recording system that works by using a digital, rather than analog, of the video signal. ... Consumer electronics is a term used to describe the category of electronic equipment intended for everyday use by people, the consumers. ...

Apple employs over 20,000 permanent and temporary workers worldwide^[2] and had worldwide annual sales in its fiscal year 2007 (ending September 29, 2007) of US$24.01 billion.^[1] is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... USD redirects here. ... One thousand million (1,000,000,000) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001. ...

For a variety of reasons, ranging from its philosophy of comprehensive aesthetic design to their advertising campaigns, Apple has engendered a distinct reputation in the consumer electronics industry and has cultivated a customer base that is unusually devoted to the company and its brand, particularly in the United States.^[7] For other uses, see Philosophy (disambiguation). ... The Parthenons facade showing an interpretation of golden rectangles in its proportions. ... Industrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of products may be improved for marketability and production. ... In the past two decades, Apple Inc. ... Consumer electronics is a term used to describe the category of electronic equipment intended for everyday use by people, the consumers. ...

History

Main article: History of Apple Inc.

The company introduced the Apple II microcomputer in 1977. A few years later, in 1983, it introduced the Lisa, the first commercial personal computer to employ a graphical user interface (GUI), which was influenced in part by the Xerox Alto. Lisa was also the first personal computer to have the mouse. In 1984, the Macintosh was introduced, which arguably advanced the concept of a new user-friendly graphical user interface. Apple's success with the Macintosh became a major influence in the development of graphical interfaces elsewhere, with major computer operating systems, such as the Commodore Amiga, and Atari ST, appearing on the market within two years of the introduction of the Macintosh. This article is about the History of Apple Inc. ... The Apple II was one of the most popular personal computers of the 1980s. ... The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best selling model of home computer of all time. ... The Apple Lisa was a revolutionary personal computer designed at Apple Computer during the early 1980s. ... GUI redirects here. ... The Xerox Alto monitor has a portrait orientation. ... A contemporary computer mouse, with the most common standard features: two buttons and a scroll wheel. ... For other uses, see Macintosh (disambiguation) and Mac. ... GUI redirects here. ... An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer and provides programmers with an interface used to access those resources. ... Commodore, the commonly used name for Commodore International, was an American electronics company based in West Chester, Pennsylvania which was a vital player in the home/personal computer field in the 1980s. ... This article is about the family of home computers. ... The Atari ST is a home/personal computer that was commercially popular from 1985 to the early 1990s. ...

In 1991, Apple introduced the PowerBook line of portable computers. The 1990s also saw Apple's market share fall as competition from Microsoft Windows and the comparatively inexpensive IBM PC compatible computers that would eventually dominate the market. In the 2000s, Apple expanded its focus on software to include professional and prosumer video, music, and photo production solutions, with a view to promoting their products as a "digital hub". It also introduced the iPod, the most popular digital music player in the world.^[8] The PowerBook was a line of Macintosh laptop computers that was designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. ... A Portable computer is a computer that is designed to be moved from one place to another (in other words, it is a computer that is portable). ... Windows redirects here. ... IBM PC compatible computers are those generally similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT. Such computers used to be referred to as PC clones, or IBM clones since they almost exactly duplicated all the significant features of the PC, XT, or AT internal design, facilitated by various manufacturers... Prosumer refers to one of two possible portmanteaus formed by contracting either the word producer or professional with the word consumer. ... iPod is a brand of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple and launched in October 2001. ...

1976 to 1980: The early years

The Apple I, Apple's first product. Sold as an assembled circuit board, it lacked basic features such as a keyboard, monitor, and case. The owner of this unit added a keyboard and a wooden case.

Apple was founded on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne^[9] (and later incorporated January 3, 1977^[4] without Wayne, who sold his share of the company back to Jobs and Wozniak) to sell the Apple I personal computer kit. They were hand-built by Steve Wozniak^[10][11] in the living room of Jobs' parents' home, and the Apple I was first shown to the public at the Homebrew Computer Club.^[12] Eventually 200 computers were built. The Apple I was sold as a motherboard (with CPU, RAM, and basic textual-video chips) — not what is today considered a complete personal computer.^[13] The user was required to provide two different AC input voltages (the manual recommended specific transformers), wire an ASCII keyboard (not provided with the computer) to a DIP connector (providing logic inverter and alpha lock chips in some cases), and to wire the video output pins to a monitor or to an RF modulator if a TV set was used. Image File history File linksMetadata Apple_I.jpg‎ File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Apple Computer Apple I Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize... Image File history File linksMetadata Apple_I.jpg‎ File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Apple Computer Apple I Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize... The Apple I was an early personal computer, and the first to combine a keyboard with a microprocessor and a connection to a monitor. ... is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1976 Pick up sticks(MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24, 1955) is the co-founder, chairman and CEO of Apple Inc. ... Stephan Gary Woz Wozniak (born August 11, 1950 in San Jose, California) is an American computer engineer and the co-founder of Apple Computer (now Apple Inc. ... Ronald Wayne from an old passport photograph. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... The Apple I was an early personal computer, and the first to combine a keyboard with a microprocessor and a connection to a monitor. ... The Homebrew Computer Club was an early computer hobbyist club in Silicon Valley, which met (under that name) from March 1975 to roughly 1977. ...

Jobs approached a local computer store, The Byte Shop, which ordered fifty units and paid US$500 for each unit after much persuasion. He then ordered components from Cramer Electronics, a national electronic parts distributor. Using a variety of methods, including borrowing space from friends and family and selling various items including a Volkswagen Type 2 bus, Jobs managed to secure the parts needed while Wozniak and Ronald Wayne assembled the Apple I.^[14] The Volkswagen Type 2 (aka Transporter) was the second automotive line introduced by German automaker Volkswagen. ...

The Apple II was introduced on April 16, 1977 at the first West Coast Computer Faire. It differed from its major rivals, the TRS-80 and Commodore PET, because it came with color graphics and an open architecture. While early models used ordinary cassette tapes as storage devices, this was quickly superseded by the introduction of a 5 1/4 inch floppy disk drive and interface, the Disk II. The 1977 Apple II, complete with integrated keyboard, color graphics, sound, a plastic BIG HAIRY DICK case, and eight expansion slots. ... is the 106th day of the year (107th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... The West Coast Computer Faire was an annual computer industry conference and exposition most often associated with San Francisco, its first and most frequent venue. ... For the Chicago-based electronica group, see TRS-80 (group). ... The PET (Personal Electronic Transactor) was a home-/personal computer produced by Commodore starting in the late 1970s. ... A typical vision of a computer architecture as a series of abstraction layers: hardware, firmware, assembler, kernel, operating system and applications (see also Tanenbaum 79). ... A floppy disk is a data storage device that is composed of a disk of thin, flexible (floppy) magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell. ... Disk II drives. ...

Another key to business for Apple was software. The Apple II was chosen by programmers Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston to be the desktop platform for the first "killer app" of the business world—the VisiCalc spreadsheet program.^[15] VisiCalc created a business market for the Apple II, and the corporate market attracted many more software and hardware developers to the machine, as well as giving home users an additional reason to buy one—compatibility with the office.^[15] (See the timeline for dates of Apple II family model releases—the 1977 Apple II and its younger siblings the II+, IIe, IIc, and IIGS.) The Apple II was one of the most popular personal computers of the 1980s. ... Daniel S. Bricklin (born 16 July 1951) is the co-creator, with Bob Frankston, of the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. ... Robert (Bob) M. Frankston (born in 1949) is the co-creator with Dan Bricklin of the VisiCalc spreadsheet program and the co-founder of Software Arts, the company that developed it. ... A killer application (commonly shortened to killer app), in the jargon of computer programmers and video gamers, has come to mean any program, particularly a minor one, that is ingeniously coded or unexpectedly useful. ... VisiCalc was the first spreadsheet program available for personal computers. ... Screenshot of a spreadsheet under OpenOffice A spreadsheet is a rectangular table (or grid) of information, often financial information. ... The 1977 Apple II, complete with integrated keyboard, color graphics, sound, a plastic case and eight expansion slots. ...

According to Brian Bagnall's book, "On the Edge" (pp. 109-112), Apple exaggerated its sales figures, and Apple was a distant third place until VisiCalc came along. VisiCalc was first released on Apple II because Commodore and Tandy computers were tied up in VisiCalc's software development office due to their popularity. VisiCalc's association with Apple was thus pure happenstance, not a technical decision. Even after VisiCalc, Apple II did not surpass the Tandy TRS-80, whose sales were helped by the large number of Radio Shack stores. However, VisiCalc did put Apple ahead of Commodore's PET, at least in the US. (Commodore later regained the lead for a while with the Commodore 64 in the mid 80s, the best selling specific model of computer to date.)^[16] For the Chicago-based electronica group, see TRS-80 (group). ... RadioShack Corporation (formerly Radio Shack) (NYSE: RSH) runs a chain of electronics retail stores in the United States, as well as parts of Europe. ... C-64 redirects here. ...

By the end of the 1970s, Jobs and his partners had a staff of computer designers and a production line. The Apple II was succeeded by the Apple III in May 1980 as the company struggled to compete against IBM and Microsoft in the lucrative business and corporate computing market. The designers of the Apple III were forced to comply with Jobs' request to omit the cooling fan, and this ultimately resulted in thousands of recalled units due to overheating.^[17] An updated version, the Apple III+, was introduced in 1983, but it was also a failure due to bad press and wary buyers. A method of production which embodies groups of workers repeating the same procedures of production along a line over which the product is moved and gradually completed. ... The Apple III, an early business machine predating the IBM PC The Apple III with an Apple Monitor //. The Apple III, or Apple /// as it was sometimes styled, was the first completely new computer designed by Apple. ... For other uses, see IBM (disambiguation) and Big Blue. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ...

Apple's sustained growth during the early 1980s was partly due to its leadership in the education sector, attributed to their adaptation of the programming language LOGO, used in many schools with the Apple II. The drive into education was accentuated in California with the donation of one Apple II and one Apple LOGO software package to each public school in the state. The deal concluded between Steve Jobs and Jim Baroux of LCSI, and having required the support of Sacramento, established a strong and pervasive presence for Apple in all schools throughout California. The initial conquest of education environments was critical to Apple's acceptance in the home where the earliest purchases of computers by parents was in support of children's continued learning experience. The Logo programming language is a functional programming language. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Sacramento is a Spanish- and Portuguese-language word meaning sacrament; it is a common toponym in parts of the world where those tongues were or are spoken. ...

1981 to 1989: Lisa and Macintosh

The rebel from Apple's 1984 ad, set in a dystopian future modeled after the Orwell novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, set the tone for the introduction of the Macintosh

Jobs and several other Apple employees including Jef Raskin visited Xerox PARC in December 1979 to see the Alto computer. Xerox granted Apple engineers three days of access to the PARC facilities in return for selling them US$1 million in pre-IPO Apple stock (approximately US$18 million net). Apples 1984 ad, which aired during the Superbowl This work is copyrighted. ... Apples 1984 ad, which aired during the Superbowl This work is copyrighted. ... A screenshot from the commercial. ... This article is about the philosophical concept and literary form. ... Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 [1] [2] – 21 January 1950), better known by the pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist. ... (Redirected from 1984 (novel)) Nineteen Eighty-Four (sometimes 1984) is a darkly satirical political novel by George Orwell. ... Jef Raskin outdoors, photographed by his son Aza Raskin. ... Bold text // Headline text Link title This article is about the computer research center. ... The Xerox Alto monitor has a portrait orientation. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

It is said that Jobs was immediately convinced that all future computers would use a GUI, and decided to turn over design of Apple's next project, the Apple Lisa, to produce such a device. The Lisa was named after Jobs' daughter (however, an acronym,^[18] Local Integrated Software Architecture, was coined). He was eventually pushed from the group due to infighting, and instead took over Jef Raskin's low-cost computer project, the Macintosh. Branding the new effort as the product that would "save Apple", an intense turf war broke out between the Lisa's "corporate shirts" and Jobs' Macintosh "pirates", both teams claiming they would ship first and be more successful. In 1983 the Lisa team won the race and Apple introduced the first personal computer to be sold to the public with a GUI. However, the Lisa was a commercial failure as a result of its high price tag (US$9,995) and limited software titles.^[18] GUI can refer to the following: GUI is short for graphical user interface, a term used to describe a type of interface in computing. ... The Apple Lisa was a revolutionary personal computer designed at Apple Computer during the early 1980s. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Backronym and Apronym (Discuss) Acronyms and initialisms are abbreviations, such as NATO, laser, and ABC, written as the initial letter or letters of words, and pronounced on the basis of this abbreviated written form. ... For other uses, see Macintosh (disambiguation) and Mac. ... Turf war is a term that describes a common problem in larger companies when two divisions fight for access to resources or capital. ...

The Macintosh 128K, the first Macintosh computer

In 1984, drawing upon its experience with the Lisa, Apple next launched the Macintosh. Its debut was announced by a single national broadcast of the now famous US$1.5 million television commercial, "1984", based on George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. The commercial was directed by Ridley Scott and aired during Super Bowl XVIII on January 22, 1984. Jobs' intention with the ad was to represent the IBM PC as Big Brother, and the Macintosh as a nameless female action hero portrayed by Anya Major. While the Macintosh initially sold well, follow-up sales were not particularly strong.^[19] The machine's fortunes changed with the introduction of the LaserWriter, the first laser printer to be offered at a reasonable price point, and PageMaker, an early desktop publishing (DTP) package. The Mac was particularly powerful in this market due to its advanced graphics capabilities, which were already necessarily built-in to create the Macintosh GUI. It has been suggested that the combination of these three products was responsible for the creation of the DTP market.^[20] As DTP became widespread, Apple's sales reached a series of new highs. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (533x625, 526 KB) Description: A w:Macintosh 128K on transparent background. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (533x625, 526 KB) Description: A w:Macintosh 128K on transparent background. ... Back case of an unaltered, still-working original Macintosh (sold from January 1984 to September 1984). ... A screenshot from the commercial. ... Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 [1] [2] – 21 January 1950), better known by the pen name George Orwell, was an English author and journalist. ... (Redirected from 1984 (novel)) Nineteen Eighty-Four (sometimes 1984) is a darkly satirical political novel by George Orwell. ... Sir Ridley Scott (born November 30, 1937 in South Shields, South Tyneside) is a British film director and producer. ... Date January 22, 1984 Stadium Tampa Stadium City Tampa, Florida MVP Marcus Allen, Running back Favorite Redskins by 2 1/2 National anthem Barry Manilow Coin toss Bronko Nagurski Referee Gene Barth Halftime show Salute to Superstars of the Silver Screen with the University of Florida and Florida State University... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Big Brother as portrayed in the BBCs 1954 production of Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... Anya Major in the 1984 commercial. ... The Apple LaserWriter was one of the first laser printers available to the mass market. ... 1993 Apple LaserWriter Pro 630 laser printer A laser printer is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper. ... PageMaker was the first desktop publishing program, introduced in 1985 by Aldus Corporation, initially for the Apple Macintosh but soon after also for the PC. It relies on Adobe Systems PostScript page description language. ... Adobe InDesign CS2, one of many popular desktop publishing applications. ...

An internal power struggle developed between Jobs and new CEO John Sculley in 1985.^[21] Apple's board of directors sided with Sculley and Jobs was removed from his managerial duties.^[19] Jobs later resigned from Apple and founded NeXT Inc., a computer company that built machines with futuristic designs and ran the UNIX-derived NeXTStep operating system. Although powerful, NeXT computers never caught on with buyers, due in part to their high purchase price. John Sculley (born April 6, 1939) was president of PepsiCo during the 1970s and early 1980s, until he became CEO of Apple on April 8, 1983, a position he held until leaving in 1993. ... Chairman of the Board redirects here. ... For other meanings, see Next. ... NEXTSTEP is the original object-oriented, multitasking operating system that NeXT Computer, Inc. ...

1989 to 1991: The Golden Age

The Macintosh Portable was Apple's first "portable" Macintosh computer, released in 1989.

Having learned several painful lessons after introducing the bulky Macintosh Portable in 1989, Apple introduced the PowerBook in 1991, which established the modern form and ergonomic layout of the laptop computer.^[22] The same year, Apple introduced System 7, a major upgrade to the operating system which added color to the interface, and introduced a number of new networking capabilities. It would remain the architectural basis for Mac OS until 2001. Image details I am the photographer, and hereby dedicate this image to the public domain. ... Image details I am the photographer, and hereby dedicate this image to the public domain. ... The Macintosh Portable was Apple Computers first attempt at making a portable Macintosh personal computer that held the power of a desktop Macintosh and included the capabilities of a professional business Macintosh such as the Macintosh IIci. ... The Macintosh Portable was Apple Computers first attempt at making a portable Macintosh personal computer that held the power of a desktop Macintosh and included the capabilities of a professional business Macintosh such as the Macintosh IIci. ... The PowerBook was a line of Macintosh laptop computers that was designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. ... Ergonomics (or human factors) is the application of scientific information concerning humans to the design of objects, systems and environment for human use (definition adopted by the International Ergonomics Association in 2007). ... Laptop with touchpad. ... System 7 (codenamed Big Bang) was a version of Mac OS, the operating system of the Apple Macintosh computer. ...

The success of the PowerBook and several other Apple products during this period led to increasing revenue.^[21] For some time, it appeared that Apple could do no wrong, introducing fresh new products and generating increasing profits in the process. The magazine MacAddict named the period between 1989 to 1991 the "first golden age" of the Macintosh. However, the continuing development of Microsoft Windows had given birth to an interface that was competitive with Apple's. Combined with a huge base of low-cost computers and peripherals and an improving software suite, an increasing number of potential customers turned to the "Wintel" standard. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Mac|Life is a U.S. magazine focusing on the Apple Macintosh personal computer and related products, including the iPod. ... Windows redirects here. ... Wintel is a term used to describe desktop computers and servers of the type commonly used in homes and businesses since the late 1980s (these are PC compatible computers running a version of Microsoft Windows). ...

Apple, relying on high profit margins to maintain their massive R&D budget, never developed a clear response. Instead they sued Microsoft for theft of intellectual property, in Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corporation.^[23] The lawsuit dragged on for years before finally being thrown out of court. Worse, the lawsuit distracted management while a deep rot developed within the engineering ranks, which became increasingly unmanageable. At first there was little outward sign of the problem, but a series of major product flops and missed deadlines destroyed Apple's reputation of invincibility, and consequently their market share dropped, particularly after the release of Windows 95. Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... A young waif steals a pair of boots Stealing redirects here. ... For the 2006 film, see Intellectual Property (film). ... Apple Computer, Inc. ... Windows 95 is a consumer-oriented graphical user interface-based operating system. ...

During this time, Apple branched out into consumer electronics. One example of this product diversification was the Apple QuickTake digital camera, one of the first digital cameras brought to the consumer market. A more famous example was the Newton, termed a "Personal digital assistant" or "PDA" by Sculley, that was introduced in 1993. Though it failed commercially, it defined and launched a new category of computing and was a forerunner of devices such as Palm Pilot, PocketPC, and eventually the iPhone. Front of a QuickTake 200 Back of a QuickTake 200 The Apple QuickTake (codenamed Venus, Mars, Neptune) was one of the first consumer digital cameras. ... The Apple Newton MessagePad 100 The Apple Newton, or simply Newton, is an early line of personal digital assistants developed and marketed by Apple Computer (now Apple Inc. ... A neologism is a word, term, or phrase which has been recently created (or coined), often to apply to new concepts, to synthesize pre-existing concepts, or to make older terminology sound more contemporary. ... User with Treo (PDA with smartphone functionality) Personal digital assistants (PDAs) are handheld computers, but have become much more versatile over the years. ... An early model - the Pilot 5000 The Palm m130 was one of the first Palms with a colour screen Pilot was the name given to the first generation of personal digital assistants manufactured by Palm Computing in 1996 (then a division of U.S. Robotics and later 3Com). ... A Pocket PC is a computer in a handheld size that runs a variation of the operating system Windows CE. It has many capabilities of modern desktop PCs. ... For the Internet appliance line, see Linksys iPhone. ...

1994 to 1997: Attempts at reinvention

The Apple Newton was Apple's first foray into the PDA markets, as well as one of the first in the industry. A financial flop, it helped pave way for the Palm Pilot and Apple's own iPhone in the future.

By the mid-90s, Apple realized that it had to reinvent the Macintosh in order to stay competitive in the market. The needs of both computer users and computer programs were becoming, for a variety of technical reasons, harder for the existing hardware and operating system to address. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 697 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (2382 × 2048 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 697 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (2382 × 2048 pixel, file size: 1. ... The Apple Newton MessagePad 100 The Apple Newton, or simply Newton, is an early line of personal digital assistants developed and marketed by Apple Computer (now Apple Inc. ... Look up PDA in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An early model - the Pilot 5000 The Palm m130 was one of the first Palms with a colour screen Pilot was the name given to the first generation of personal digital assistants manufactured by Palm Computing in 1996 (then a division of U.S. Robotics and later 3Com). ... For the Internet appliance line, see Linksys iPhone. ...

In 1994 Apple allied with long-time competitor IBM and CPU maker Motorola in the so-called AIM alliance. This was a bid to create a new computing platform (the PowerPC Reference Platform or PReP), which would use IBM and Motorola hardware coupled with Apple's software. The AIM alliance hoped that PReP's performance and Apple's software would leave the PC far behind, thus countering Microsoft, which had become Apple's chief competitor. That year, Apple introduced the Power Macintosh using IBM's PowerPC processor. This processor utilized a RISC architecture, which differed substantially from the Motorola 68k series that had been used by all previous Macs. Motorola Inc. ... AIM was an alliance formed in 1991 between Apple Computer, IBM and Motorola to create a new computing standard based on the PowerPC architecture. ... PowerPC Reference Platform (PReP) was a PowerPC hardware reference design. ... The Power Mac G5, the last model of the series. ... PowerPC is a RISC microprocessor architecture created by the 1991 Apple–IBM–Motorola alliance, known as AIM. Originally intended for personal computers, PowerPC CPUs have since become popular embedded and high-performance processors as well. ... Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC), is a microprocessor CPU design philosophy that favors a smaller and simpler set of instructions that all take about the same amount of time to execute. ... The Motorola 680x0/0x0/m68k/68k/68K family of CISC microprocessor CPU chips were 32-bit from the start, and were the primary competition for the Intel x86 family of chips in personal computers of the 1980s and early 1990s. ...

Throughout the mid to late 1990s, Apple tried to improve its operating system's multitasking and memory management. After multiple failed attempts to improve the existing Mac OS, first with the Taligent project, then later with Copland and Gershwin, the company chose to purchase NeXT and its NeXTSTEP operating system, bringing Steve Jobs back to Apple in the process.^[24] On July 9, 1997, Gil Amelio was ousted as CEO of Apple by the board of directors after overseeing a 3-year record-low stock price and crippling financial losses. Jobs stepped in as the interim CEO and began a restructuring of the company's product line. Taligent was the name of an object-oriented operating system and the company dedicated to producing it. ... Copland was a project at Apple Computer to create an updated version of the Macintosh operating system. ... Gershin was the code name for Apple Computers next-generation operating system that was proposed to follow Apples failed Copland project for the Apple Macintosh platform. ... For other meanings, see Next. ... is the 190th day of the year (191st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Gil Amelio Gilbert F. Amelio (born March 1, 1943 in New York City) is an American technology executive. ...

At the 1997 Macworld Expo, Steve Jobs announced that Apple would be entering into a partnership with Microsoft to release new versions of Microsoft Office for the Macintosh as well as a US$150 million investment in non-voting Apple stock. Produced by Boston-based IDG World Expo, Macworld Conference & Expo is a trade show dedicated to the Apple Macintosh platform with conference tracks occurring twice a year in the United States. ... Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24, 1955) is the co-founder, chairman and CEO of Apple Inc. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... Microsoft Office is an office suite from Microsoft for Microsoft Windows and Apple Mac OS X operating systems. ...

On November 10, 1997, Apple introduced the Apple Store, an online retail store based upon the WebObjects application server the company had acquired in its purchase of NeXT. The new direct sales outlet was also tied to a new build-to-order manufacturing strategy and announced at the same time as new machines using the PowerPC processor. is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Apple Online Store This page is about the online store. ... WebObjects is a Java Web application server by Apple Computer. ... For other meanings, see Next. ... PowerPC is a RISC microprocessor architecture created by the 1991 Apple–IBM–Motorola alliance, known as AIM. Originally intended for personal computers, PowerPC CPUs have since become popular embedded and high-performance processors as well. ...

1998 to 2005: New beginnings

Company headquarters on Infinite Loop in Cupertino, California.

On August 15, 1998, Apple introduced a new all-in-one Mac computer reminiscent of the original Macintosh 128K: the iMac. The iMac design team was led by Jonathan Ive, who would later design the iPod and the iPhone.^[25][26] While not groundbreaking from a technological standpoint, the iMac featured an innovative new translucent plastic exterior, originally in Bondi Blue, but later many other colors. The iMac sold close to 800,000 units in its first five months and helped return the company to sustained profitability for the first time since 1993. Image File history File links Apple Computer headquarters complex, Building 1, 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California. ... Image File history File links Apple Computer headquarters complex, Building 1, 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California. ... Infinite Loop is a street encircling the buildings of Apple Computers headquarters in Cupertino, California. ... Cali Mill Plaza (Cupertino City Center) is located on the intersection of Stevens Creek and De Anza Boulevards where the village of Westwood was established. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Back case of an unaltered, still-working original Macintosh (sold from January 1984 to September 1984). ... The original Bondi Blue iMac G3 was introduced in 1998. ... Jonathan Paul Ive CBE (born February 1967) is Senior Vice President of Industrial Design at Apple Inc. ... iPod is a brand of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple and launched in October 2001. ... For the Internet appliance line, see Linksys iPhone. ... The original iMac model Bondi blue is a name of a color coined by Apple Computer, Inc. ...

Through this time period, Apple purchased several companies in a move to create a portfolio of professional and consumer-oriented digital production software. In 1998, Apple announced the purchase of Macromedia's Final Cut software, beginning its entry into the digital video editing market. iMovie was released in 1999 for consumers, and Final Cut Pro was released for professionals in the same year. Final Cut Pro has gone on to be a significant video-editing program. In 2002 Apple purchased Nothing Real for their advanced digital compositing application Shake, as well as Emagic for their music productivity application Logic. which led to the development of their consumer-level GarageBand application. With iPhoto's release in 2002, this completed Apple's collection of consumer and professional level creativity software, with the consumer-level applications being collected together into the iLife suite. Macromedia was an American graphics and web development software house headquartered in San Francisco, California producing such products as Macromedia Flash. ... Digital video is a type of video recording system that works by using a digital, rather than analog, of the video signal. ... iMovie is a video editing software application which allows users to edit their own home movies. ... Final Cut Pro is a professional non-linear editing system developed by Apple Inc. ... Nothing Real L.L.C, founded in October 1996 by Allen Edwards and Arnaud Hervas, developed high-end digital effects software for the feature film, broadcast and interactive gaming industries. ... Shake is an image compositing package used in the post-production industry. ... Emagic was a computer software company based in Rellingen, Germany. ... Logic Pro is a MIDI sequencer and Digital Audio Workstation software application that runs on the Mac OS X platform. ... GarageBand is a software application that allows users to create music or podcasts. ... iPhoto is a software application made by Apple Inc. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Mac OS X, the operating system based on NeXT's OPENSTEP and BSD Unix was released on March 24, 2001 after several years of development. Aimed at consumers and professionals alike, Mac OS X aimed to marry the stability, reliability and security of the Unix operating system with the ease of use afforded by a completely overhauled user interface. To aid users in moving their applications from Mac OS 9, the new operating system allowed the use of OS 9 applications through Mac OS X's Classic environment. Mac OS X (pronounced ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ... OPENSTEP on Windows NT. OpenStep is an object-oriented API specification for an object-oriented operating system that uses any modern operating system as its core, principally developed by NeXT with Sun Microsystems. ... BSD redirects here; for other uses see BSD (disambiguation). ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Filiation of Unix and Unix-like systems Unix (officially trademarked as UNIX®, sometimes also written as or ® with small caps) is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie and Douglas McIlroy. ... Sherlock 2 for Mac OS 9 with the new metallic appearance Mac OS 9 is the final major release of Apples Classic Mac OS. Introduced on October 23, 1999, Apple positioned it as The Best Internet Operating System Ever, highlighting Sherlock 2s Internet search capabilities, integration with Apple... Classic, or Classic Environment, is a hardware and software abstraction layer in Mac OS X that allows applications compatible with Mac OS 9 to run on the OS X operating system. ...

The entrance of the Apple Store on Fifth Avenue in New York City is a glass cube, housing a cylindrical elevator and a spiral staircase that leads into the subterranean store.

On May 19, 2001, Apple opened its first official Apple Retail Stores in Virginia and California, and has since continued to open more stores in the United States and other countries. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 796 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (3084 × 2322 pixel, file size: 5. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 796 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (3084 × 2322 pixel, file size: 5. ... Street sign at Fifth Avenue and East 57th street Fifth Avenue is a major thoroughfare in New York City. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is about the retail chain. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

Later the same year, Apple introduced its first iPod portable digital audio player. The product has proven phenomenally successful; over 100 million units have been sold in the six years since its introduction.^[27] In 2003, Apple's iTunes Store was introduced, offering online music downloads for US 99¢ a song and integration with the iPod. The service quickly became the market leader in online music services, with over 3 billion downloads by August 2007.^[28] iPod is a brand of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple and launched in October 2001. ... Apple iPod, the best-selling hard drive-based player An embedded hard drive-based player (Creative ZEN Vision:M) An MP3 CD player (Philips Expanium) More commonly referred to as an MP3 player, a digital audio player or DAP is a portable, handheld digital music player that stores, organizes and... The iTunes Store is an online business run by Apple Inc. ...

As for the Macintosh, Apple's design team progressively abandoned the flashy colors of the iMac G3 era in favor of white polycarbonate for consumer lines such as the iMac and iBook, as well as the educational eMac, and metal enclosures for the professional lines. This began with the 2001 release of the titanium PowerBook and was followed by the 2001 white iBook, the 2002 flat-panel iMac, the 2003 Power Mac G5, and the 2004 Apple Cinema Displays. The iMac G3 was the first model of the iMac line of personal computers made by Apple Inc. ... Polycarbonates are a particular group of thermoplastic polyesters. ... The original Bondi Blue iMac G3 was introduced in 1998. ... The original Blueberry iBook Clamshell The iBook is a now discontinued line of laptop computers that was developed and sold by Apple Inc. ... Not to be confused with the Emacs text editor. ... General Name, symbol, number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 47. ... The Power Mac G5 is Apples marketing name for models of the Power Macintosh which contain the PowerPC 970 CPU. The professional-grade computer was the most powerful in Apples lineup when it was introduced, and was touted by Apple as the fastest personal computer ever built. ...

2005 to present: The Intel partnership

Main article: Apple Intel transition

In the Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) keynote address on June 6, 2005, Steve Jobs officially announced that Apple would begin producing Intel-based Mac computers beginning in 2006.^[29] The Apple Intel transition was the process of changing the CPU of Macintosh computers from PowerPC processors to Intel x86 processors. ... WWDC 2005, at Moscone Center The Worldwide Developers Conference, commonly abbreviated WWDC, is an annual trade show for Apple developers. ... is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Targeted at a professional audience, the MacBook Pro (15.4" widescreen) was Apple's first laptop with an Intel microprocessor. It was announced in January 2006, and started shipping two months later. The less expensive MacBook (13.3" widescreen) caters to the consumer market.

On January 10, 2006, Apple released its first Intel chip computers, a new notebook computer known as the MacBook Pro (with a 15.4" screen) and a new (though cosmetically identical) iMac with purportedly two to three times faster performance compared with its predecessor. Both used Intel's Core Duo chip technology. Through 2006, Apple transitioned the entire Mac product line to Intel chips, retaining the enclosure design while replacing its internal components. The Power Mac brand was retired, with Mac Pro being its successor. Apple also introduced a new piece of software called Boot Camp that helps users install Windows XP on their Intel Mac alongside Mac OS X.^[30] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1595x1249, 271 KB) An Apple MacBook Pro. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1595x1249, 271 KB) An Apple MacBook Pro. ... The MacBook Pro is a line of Macintosh notebook computers by Apple for the professional market. ... The MacBook is a line of Macintosh notebook computers by Apple Inc. ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Laptop with touchpad. ... The MacBook Pro is a line of Macintosh notebook computers by Apple for the professional market. ... This article is about the Intel mobile processor family. ... The Mac Pro is a workstation computer manufactured by Apple Inc. ... Boot Camp is a software assistant made available by Apple Inc. ... Windows XP is a line of operating systems developed by Microsoft for use on general-purpose computer systems, including home and business desktops, notebook computers, and media centers. ...

The Apple/Intel partnership coined several catch phrases among Apple fans and technology reporters. Some of the most widespread ones include "Mactel" and "Macintel", a response to the phrase "Wintel", which is an informal moniker that describes all Intel-powered systems running the Microsoft Windows operating system. Another is "ICBM", for "Intel-chip-based Mac." Apple itself has not publicly used these terms. A catch phrase is a phrase or expression that is popularized, usually through repeated use, by a real person or fictional character. ... Wintel is a term used to describe desktop computers and servers of the type commonly used in homes and businesses since the late 1980s (these are PC compatible computers running a version of Microsoft Windows). ... A moniker (or monicker) is a pseudonym, or cognomen, which one gives to oneself. ...

Apple's success during this period, beginning in 1997 (the first year the company turned a profit after losses through 1995 and 1996),^[31] but accelerating between 2003 to 2005, was evident in its skyrocketing stock. Between early 2003 and January 2006, the price of a share of Apple's stock increased more than tenfold, from a little more than US$6 per share (split-adjusted) to more than US$80 per share. On January 13, 2006, Apple's market cap surpassed that of Dell.^[32] Nearly ten years prior, in 1997, Dell's CEO, Michael Dell, had asserted that if he ran Apple he would "shut it down and give the money back to the shareholders."^[33] is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Market capitalization, often abbreviated to market cap, mkt. ... This article is about the corporation Dell, Inc. ... Michael Saul Dell (born February 23, 1965, in Houston, Texas) is the founder and CEO of Dell, Inc. ...

Delivering his keynote at Macworld 2007 (January 9, 2007), Steve Jobs announced a change of name: Apple Computer Inc. would from that point be known as Apple Inc. The event also saw the announcement of the iPhone, and the Apple TV. The following day, Apple shares hit US$97.80, then an all-time high. In May 2007, Apple's share price passed the US$100 mark.^[34] is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... For the Internet appliance line, see Linksys iPhone. ... Apple TV is a digital media receiver designed, marketed and sold by Apple. ...

On February 7, 2007, Apple indicated that it would be willing to sell music on the iTunes store without digital rights management protection (allowing tracks to be played on any compatible player) if major record labels would agree to drop that anti-piracy technology.^[35] On April 2, 2007, Apple and record label EMI jointly-announced the removal of anti-piracy technology from EMI's catalog in the iTunes Store, effective in May.^[36] is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Digital rights management (DRM) is an umbrella term that refers to access control technologies used by publishers and copyright holders to limit usage of digital media or devices. ... is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... For other uses, see EMI (disambiguation). ...

The company’s investment in R&D, measured as a percentage of revenues, has declined over the past few years. Though Apple investment in R&D has increased from US$446 million in 2002 to US$712 million in 2006, its R&D investment as a percentage of total revenues has declined from 7.8% in 2002 to 3.8% in 2006.^[37]

Current products

See also: List of products discontinued by Apple Inc.

The following is a list of Apple Inc. ...

Hardware

See also: Timeline of Apple Macintosh models, List of Macintosh models grouped by CPU type, and List of Apple Macintosh models by case type

The Mac mini, Apple's low-cost desktop computer.

Apple introduced the Apple Macintosh family in 1984 and today makes consumer, professional, and educational computers. The Mac mini is the company's consumer sub-desktop computer, introduced in January 2005 and designed to motivate Windows users to switch to the Mac computer platform. The iMac is a consumer desktop computer that was first introduced by Apple in 1998, and its popularity helped save the company. The iMac is similar in concept to the original Macintosh in that the monitor and computer are housed in a single unit. It is now in its third major design iteration, and has been upgraded many times (including a switch to Intel processors) using the same design. The Power Mac brand was replaced in 2006 with the Mac Pro, featuring two 64-bit dual-core Xeon "Woodcrest" processors, available in speeds of 2, 2.66, and 3 GHz. The Mac Pro is capable of supporting up to four 750 GB hard drives for a total of 3 TB of internal hard disk space and has 8 DIMM slots for up to 16 GB of RAM. On its promotional website, Apple says that the "Mac Pro not only completes the Mac transition to Intel processors but delivers advanced performance, workstation graphics, and up to 4.9 million possible configurations." Apple's server range includes the Xserve, a dual core, dual processor 1U server, and the Xserve RAID for server storage options. This timeline of Macintosh models lists all major types of Macintosh computers produced by Apple Computer in order of introduction date. ... Apple Macintosh models grouped by CPU type. ... This list of Apple Macintosh models by case type contains all case designs used by Apple Computer for their Macintosh computers. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Mac_mini_Intel_Core. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Mac_mini_Intel_Core. ... The Mac mini is the smallest desktop computer marketed by Apple Inc. ... The original Bondi Blue iMac G3 was introduced in 1998. ... The Mac Pro is a workstation computer manufactured by Apple Inc. ... Diagram of an Intel Core 2 dual core processor, with CPU-local Level 1 caches, and a shared, on-die Level 2 cache. ... This article is about the Intel microprocessor. ... A gigahertz is a billion hertz or a thousand megahertz, a measure of frequency. ... A terabyte is a unit of measurement in computers. ... Two types of DIMMs: a 168-pin SDRAM module (top) and a 184-pin DDR SDRAM module (bottom). ... RAM redirects here. ... A small Xserve cluster with an Xserve RAID. Xserve is the name of Apple Computers Macintosh 1U rackmount line of server computers. ... Xserve RAID is Apple Computers mass storage rack mounted device. ...

Apple introduced the iBook consumer portable computer as a companion to the iMac; it is Apple's lowest-cost portable computer. The iBook brand was replaced on May 16, 2006 with the MacBook featuring the Intel Core Duo processor, 13 inch widescreen, and available black color on the high-end model. The MacBook Pro is the professional portable computer alternative to the MacBook. The MacBook Pro is marketed as being intended for professional and creative users and replaced the PowerBook models, which were introduced in 1991. The original Blueberry iBook Clamshell The iBook is a now discontinued line of laptop computers that was developed and sold by Apple Inc. ... is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The MacBook is a line of Macintosh notebook computers by Apple Inc. ...

The current iPods, Apple's most successful product line. Shown here, (left to right) the iPod shuffle, iPod nano, iPod classic and iPod touch.

On October 23, 2001, Apple introduced the iPod digital music player. Initially equipped with a 5 GB hard drive and a monochrome screen, models today can store up to 160 GB and display video, play games, and support a wide range of third-party add-on devices. As of September 2007, Apple currently sells the iPod shuffle. iPod nano, iPod classic and iPod touch, as well as the iPhone which includes iPod functionality. When the price of the iphone was changed to $300 people complained so Apple Inc. rewarded an $100 certificate to all people who purchaced an iphone before or on Aug. 20 2007^[38] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 400 pixelsFull resolution‎ (3,168 × 1,584 pixels, file size: 4. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 400 pixelsFull resolution‎ (3,168 × 1,584 pixels, file size: 4. ... iPod is a brand of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple and launched in October 2001. ... iPod shuffle is an iPod digital audio player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. ... The iPod nano is a mid-range iPod portable media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. ... The iPod classic is the flagship iPod digital audio player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. ... The iPod touch is an iPod portable media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. ... is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... iPod is a brand of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple and launched in October 2001. ... iPod shuffle is an iPod digital audio player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. ... The iPod nano is a mid-range iPod portable media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. ... The iPod classic is the flagship iPod digital audio player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. ... The iPod touch is an iPod portable media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. ... For the Internet appliance line, see Linksys iPhone. ...

On July 13, 2006, Apple partnered with Nike to introduce the Nike+iPod Sports Kit enabling runners to sync and monitor their runs with iTunes and the Nike+ website. The 100 millionth iPod was sold on April 9, 2007.^[39] is the 194th day of the year (195th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nike, Inc. ... The Nike+iPod Sports Kit is a wireless device kit that allows communication between a pair of Nike+ shoes and an iPod nano. ... This article is about the iTunes application. ... is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

iPhone is Apple's multi-touch smartphone, released on June 29, 2007 for AT&T Mobility.

At the Macworld Conference & Expo in January 2007, Steve Jobs revealed the long anticipated iPhone, a convergence of an Internet-enabled smartphone and video iPod. The iPhone combines a 2.5G quad band GSM and EDGE cellular phone with features found in hand held devices, running a scaled-down versions of Apple's Mac OS X, with various applications such as Safari web browser, e-mail, and navigation. The iPhone features a 3.5 inch touch screen display, 8 GB of memory, Bluetooth, and WiFi (both "b" and "g"). The iPhone first became available on June 29, 2007. Image File history File linksMetadata Apple_iPhone. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Apple_iPhone. ... For the Internet appliance line, see Linksys iPhone. ... Multi-touch is a human-computer interaction technique and the hardware devices that implement it. ... A Sony Ericsson Smartphone (Model P910i) with touch screen and QWERTY keyboard Look up smartphone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... This article is about the wireless subsidiary of AT&T. For the defunct wireless provider that was merged into Cingular in 2004, see AT&T Wireless Services. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For the Internet appliance line, see Linksys iPhone. ... A Sony Ericsson Smartphone (Model P910i) with touch screen and QWERTY keyboard Look up smartphone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Quad band literally means four (4) bands. ... The Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ... Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) or Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), is a digital mobile phone technology that allows increased data transmission rates and improved data transmission reliability. ... Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Inc. ... An example of a Web browser (Mozilla Firefox) A web browser is a software application that enables a user to display and interact with text, images, videos, music and other information typically located on a Web page at a website on the World Wide Web or a local area network. ... Google Maps (for a time named Google Local) is a free web mapping service application and technology provided by Google that powers many map-based services including the Google Maps website, Google Ride Finder and embedded maps on third-party websites via the Google Maps API. It offers street maps... Bluetooth logo This article is about the electronic protocol named after Harald Bluetooth Gormson. ... Wi-Fi (or Wi-fi, WiFi, Wifi, wifi), short for Wireless Fidelity, is a set of standards for wireless local area networks (WLAN) currently based on the IEEE 802. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Additionally at the conference, Jobs demonstrated the Apple TV, (previously known as the iTV), a set-top video device intended to bridge the sale of content from iTunes with high-definition televisions. The device links up to a user's TV and syncs, either via WiFi or a wired network, with one computer's iTunes library and streams from an additional four. The Apple TV incorporates a 40 GB hard drive for storage, includes outputs for HDMI and component video, and plays video at a maximum resolution of 720p. It was later updated to include a 160 GB drive for even more space for media. Apple TV is a digital media receiver designed, marketed and sold by Apple. ... This article is about the iTunes application. ... The High-Definition Multi-media Interface (HDMI) is an industry-supported, uncompressed, all-digital audio/video interface. ... Three cables, each with RCA plugs at both ends, are often used to carry analog component video Component video is a video signal that has been split into two or more components. ... JOHN HERMAN SUCKS FAT DICK ...

Apple sells a variety of computer accessories for Mac computers including the AirPort wireless networking products, Apple Cinema HD Display and Apple Displays computer displays, Mighty Mouse and Apple Wireless Mouse computer mice, the Apple Wireless Keyboard computer keyboard, and the Apple USB Modem. The Apple wireless mouse was replaced by the wireless Mighty Mouse. Dual 30 Apple Cinema HD Displays Previous-generation Apple Studio Display (the Studio Display in an aspect ratio of 4:3 instead of 16:10) The Apple Cinema Display is a product line of widescreen flat panel monitors made by Apple Inc. ... Two 30 Apple Cinema Displays Apple Inc. ... Mighty Mouse The Mighty Mouse (code-named Houdini) is the first multi-button USB mouse ever manufactured and sold by Apple Computer. ... The Apple Wireless Mouse is a one button mouse built for Macintosh computers. ... The Apple Wireless Keyboard is a wireless keyboard built for Macintosh computers. ... The Apple USB modem was introduced after the 56k modem was dropped on the iMac G5 (October 12, 2005 Revision. ...

Environmental issues

Since 2004, Greenpeace has attacked Apple for not setting a timeline to remove PVC and BFRs, which still exist in recent products such as the iPod nano and MacBook; and for not promoting a global end-of-life take back plan for Apple hardware (although it does within Europe and Japan where this is required by law); as well as for not having reusable components.^[40] As of December 2006, Greenpeace ranked Apple last out of ten electronics companies in dealing with toxic substances in their products, mostly due to a lack of relevant documentation and timelines.^[41] On May 2, 2007, Steve Jobs released an open letter named A Greener Apple,^[42] responding to some of the allegations. In his letter, Jobs stated: Greenpeace protest against Esso / Exxon Mobil. ... Polyvinyl chloride Polyvinyl chloride, (IUPAC Polychloroethene) commonly abbreviated PVC, is a widely used thermoplastic polymer. ... Brominated flame-retardants are produced synthetically in ca 70 variants with very varying chemical properties. ... The iPod nano is a mid-range iPod portable media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. ... The MacBook is a line of Macintosh notebook computers by Apple Inc. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

In one environmental group’s recent scorecard, Dell, HP and Lenovo all scored higher than Apple because of their plans (or “plans for releasing plans” in the case of HP). In reality, Apple is ahead of all of these companies in eliminating toxic chemicals from its products.^[42]

A study in January 2006 by the United States Environmental Protection Agency found that Apple's hardware compares favorably with that of its major competitors on environmental friendliness.^[43] EPA redirects here. ...

On June 5, 2007, Apple updated their MacBook Pro product line. This hardware update is environmentally notable because LEDs fully replaced cold cathode lamps in the 15 inch MacBook Pro's display backlighting,^[44] a first for Apple laptops (the iPod has had LED backlighting since its creation in 2001). This ameliorates Apple's environmental stance, as cold cathode lamps contain mercury, whereas LEDs do not. is the 156th day of the year (157th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... External links LEd Category: TeX ... Note: Principles are mostly the same for cold cathode ion sources as in particle accelerators to create electrons. ... This article is about the element. ...

Former Vice President of the United States and environmentalist Al Gore is a member of Apple's board of directors. The Vice President of the United States (sometimes referred to as VPOTUS[1] or Veep) is the first in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. ... The historic Blue Marble photograph, which helped bring environmentalism to the public eye. ... This article is about the former Vice President of the United States. ... Chairman of the Board redirects here. ...

Software

See also: List of Macintosh software

Apple develops its own operating system to run on Macs, Mac OS X, the latest version being Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard". Apple also independently develops computer software titles for its Mac OS X operating system. Much of the software Apple develops is bundled with its computers. An example of this is the consumer-oriented iLife software package which bundles iDVD, iMovie, iPhoto, iTunes, GarageBand, and iWeb. For presentation, page layout and word processing, iWork is available, which includes Keynote, Pages, and Numbers. iTunes, QuickTime media player, and Safari web browser are available as free downloads for both Mac OS X and Windows. // This list of Macintosh software reveals prominent Mac OS computer programs. ... An operating system (OS) is the software that manages the sharing of the resources of a computer and provides programmers with an interface used to access those resources. ... Mac OS X (pronounced ) is a line of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. ... Mac OS X version 10. ... iDVD is a DVD creation software application made by Apple Computer for Mac OS X. iDVD allows the user to add QuickTime Movies, MP3 music, and digital photos to a DVD that can then be played on a commercial DVD player. ... iMovie is a video editing software application which allows users to edit their own home movies. ... iPhoto is a software application made by Apple Inc. ... This article is about the iTunes application. ... GarageBand is a software application that allows users to create music or podcasts. ... iWeb is a WYSIWYG template-based website creation tool made by Apple and included with its Macintosh computers. ... iWork is a suite of applications created by Apple Inc. ... Keynote is a presentation software application made by Apple for its Mac OS X operating system. ... For Bering Strait album, see Pages (album). ... Numbers is a spreadsheet application developed by Apple Inc. ... QuickTime is a multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc. ... Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Inc. ... An example of a Web browser (Mozilla Firefox) A web browser is a software application that enables a user to display and interact with text, images, videos, music and other information typically located on a Web page at a website on the World Wide Web or a local area network. ...

Apple also offers a range of professional software titles. Their range of server software includes the operating system Mac OS X Server; Apple Remote Desktop, a remote systems management application; WebObjects, Java Web application server; and Xsan, a Storage Area Network file system. For the professional creative market, there is Aperture for professional RAW-format photo processing; Final Cut Studio, a video production suite; Logic, a comprehensive music toolkit and Shake, an advanced effects composition program. Mac OS X Server is the server-oriented version of Apples operating system, Mac OS X. Mac OS X, in both desktop and server versions, is a Unix operating system based on technology that Apple acquired from NeXT Computer. ... Apple Remote Desktop (ARD) is a Macintosh application produced by Apple Computer, first released on March 14, 2002, that replaced a similar product called Apple Network Assistant. ... WebObjects is a Java Web application server by Apple Computer. ... Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE (formerly also J2EE) is a programming platform – part of the Java platform – for developing and running distributed multi-tier architecture applications, based largely on modular components running on an application server. ... WWWs historical logo designed by Robert Cailliau The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. ... An application server is a software engine that delivers applications to client computers or devices, typically through the internet and using the http protocol. ... Xsan is Apple Inc. ... In computing, a storage area network (SAN) is an architecture to attach remote computer storage devices such as disk array controllers, tape libraries and CD arrays to servers in such a way that to the operating system the devices appear as locally attached devices. ... Aperture is a software program for Mac OS X announced by Apple Computer on October 19th, 2005, designed to assist professional photographers in post-production work. ... A raw image file contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of a digital camera or image scanner. ... A photograph (often just called a photo) is an image (or a representation of that on e. ... Image:Fcstudio2 box. ... Logic Pro is a MIDI sequencer and Digital Audio Workstation software application that runs on the Mac OS X platform. ... Shake is an image compositing package used in the post-production industry. ...

Apple also offers online services with .Mac which bundles .Mac HomePage, .Mac Mail, .Mac Groups, .Mac iDisk, .Mac Backup, .Mac Sync, and Learning Center online tutorials. .Mac (pronounced Dot Mac) refers to a group of online services offered by Apple Inc. ... A screenshot of a web page. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... A social network service focuses on the building and verifying of online social networks for communities of people who share interests and activities, or who are interested in exploring the interests and activities of others, and which necessitates the use of software. ... iDisk icon iDisk is a service offered by Apple to all . ... Backup is a simple Mac OS X-only software program made by Apple Computer for file backups. ... iSync 1. ...

Corporate affairs

Critics of Apple commonly point to their vertically-integrated business model, where all the hardware and operating system software comes from one company. Although the Apple II was very open, the Macintosh was originally closed and proprietary, and during the Mac's early history Apple generally refused to adopt prevailing industry standards for hardware, instead creating and implementing their own (for example, The Lisa's FileWare drive, and the ADB). It has been suggested that Vertical expansion be merged into this article or section. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Early ADB device Apple Desktop Bus (or ADB) is an obsolete bit-serial bus for connecting low-speed devices to computers. ...

This trend was largely reversed in the late 1990s beginning with Apple's adoption of the PCI bus in the 7500/8500/9500 Power Macs. Apple has since adopted USB, AGP, HyperTransport, Wi-Fi, and other industry standards in its computers and was in some cases a leader in the adoption of such standards. FireWire is an Apple-originated standard which has seen widespread industry adoption after it was standardized as IEEE 1394. This article is about the computer bus type. ... The Power Macintosh 7500 was one of the first PCI capable Macs manufactured by Apple Computer. ... The Power Macintosh 8500 (the 120 MHz model is also known as Power Macintosh 8515 in Europe and Japan) is a high-end Macintosh personal computer designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer from 1995 until 1997. ... The Power Macintosh 9500 (the 132 MHz model is also known as Power Macintosh 9515 in Europe and Japan) is a high-end Macintosh personal computer which was designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer from May 1995 until early 1997. ... The Power Mac G5, the last model of the series. ... Note: USB may also mean upper sideband in radio. ... this page has been deleted, by the inconspicuous Headline text booooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooobz Headline text ... HyperTransport logo HyperTransport (HT), formerly known as Lightning Data Transport (LDT), is a bidirectional serial/parallel high-bandwidth, low-latency point to point link that was introduced on April 2, 2001. ... Official Wi-Fi logo Wi-Fi (pronounced wye-fye, IPA: ) is a wireless technology brand owned by the Wi-Fi Alliance intended to improve the interoperability of wireless local area network products based on the IEEE 802. ... The 6-pin and 4-pin FireWire Connectors The alternative ethernet-style cabling used by 1394c FireWire is Apple Inc. ... A 6-Pin Firewire 400 connector FireWire (also known as i. ...

However, the iPod remains a mostly closed and vertically-integrated platform. Although Apple provides documented interfaces for hardware accessories, developers have no supported way to add features to the software (such as decoding of additional formats). Although the iPod supports the mainstream MP3 and AAC formats, there is not support for other proprietary formats, like Windows Media (this can be converted to AAC with iTunes on Windows), RealAudio and the open Ogg Vorbis format. Apple has refused to license its FairPlay DRM system to other online music vendors.^[35] The company added Windows PC support with their second generation iPod series. For other uses, see MP3 (disambiguation). ... MPEG-4 AAC DRM encoding as used in the iTunes Store Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is a standardized, lossy compression and encoding scheme for digital audio. ... Windows Media Audio (WMA) is an audio data compression technology developed by Microsoft. ... RealAudio is a proprietary audio format developed by RealNetworks. ... Vorbis is an open source, lossy audio codec project headed by the Xiph. ... FairPlay is a digital rights management (DRM) technology created by Apple Inc. ... Digital rights management (DRM) is an umbrella term that refers to access control technologies used by publishers and copyright holders to limit usage of digital media or devices. ...

Ever since the first Apple store opened, Apple has wanted third parties to sell their products and software inside their stores. This allows, for instance, Nikon and Canon to sell their Mac-compatible digital cameras and camcorders inside the store. Adobe, the largest Apple software partner, also sells its Mac-compatible software, as does Microsoft, who sells Microsoft Office for the Mac. A notable exception are books published by John Wiley & Sons, who publishes the For Dummies series of instructional books. The publisher's line of books were banned from Apple Stores in 2005 because Steve Jobs disagreed with their editorial policy.^[45] John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ... ...For Dummies is a series of instructional books intended to serve as non-intimidating guides to various topics. ... This article is about the retail chain. ...

Mission Statement

"Apple is committed to bringing the best personal computing experience to students, educators, creative professionals and consumers around the world through its innovative hardware, software and Internet offerings."

Modified Mission Statement

"Apple ignited the personal computer revolution in the 1970s with the Apple II and reinvented the personal computer in the 1980s with the Macintosh. Today, Apple continues to lead the industry in innovation with its award-winning computers, OS X operating system and iLife and professional applications. Apple is also spearheading the digital media revolution with its iPod portable music and video players and iTunes online store, and has entered the mobile phone market this year with its revolutionary iPhone."^[46]

Headquarters

Apple Inc., 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, CA.

Apple Inc.'s world corporate headquarters are located in the middle of Silicon Valley, at 1 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California. This Apple campus has six buildings which total 850,000 sq ft (79,000 m²). and was built in 1993 by Sobrato Development Cos.^[47] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1594 KB) [edit] Summary [edit] Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Apple Computer Infinite Loop (street) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1594 KB) [edit] Summary [edit] Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Apple Computer Infinite Loop (street) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from... Infinite Loop is a street encircling the buildings of Apple Computers headquarters in Cupertino, California. ... Cali Mill Plaza (Cupertino City Center) is located on the intersection of Stevens Creek and De Anza Boulevards where the village of Westwood was established. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For the Nintendo 64 game, see Space Station Silicon Valley. ... Infinite Loop is a street encircling the buildings of Apple Computers headquarters in Cupertino, California. ... Location of Cupertino within Santa Clara County, California. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

In 2006, Apple announced its intention to build a second campus on 50 acres assembled from various contiguous plots. The new campus, also in Cupertino, will be about one mile east of the current campus.^[48]

CEOs

• 1977–1981: Michael "Scotty" Scott
• 1981–1983: A. C. "Mike" Markkula
• 1983–1993: John Sculley
• 1993–1996: Michael Spindler
• 1996–1997: Gil Amelio
• 1997–present: Steve Jobs (interim CEO 1997-2000)

Michael Scotty Scott (born 1943) was the first CEO of Apple Computer from February 1977 to March 1981. ... Harriv 09:43, 1 Feb 2005 (UTC) Categories: Possible copyright violations ... John Sculley (born April 6, 1939) was president of PepsiCo during the 1970s and early 1980s, until he became CEO of Apple on April 8, 1983, a position he held until leaving in 1993. ... Michael Spindler (born 1942), nicknamed the Diesel for his reputed around the clock work habits, was president and CEO of Apple Computer from 1993 to 1996. ... Gil Amelio Gilbert F. Amelio (born March 1, 1943 in New York City) is an American technology executive. ... Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24, 1955) is the co-founder, chairman and CEO of Apple Inc. ...

Current board of directors

• Bill Campbell, chairman of Intuit Inc.
• Millard Drexler, chairman and CEO of J.Crew
• Al Gore, former Vice President of the United States
• Steve Jobs, CEO and co-founder of Apple; also a director of The Walt Disney Company
• Arthur D. Levinson, chairman and CEO of Genentech
• Eric E. Schmidt, chairman and CEO of Google
• Jerry York, chairman, president and CEO of Harwinton Capital

Bill Campbell is the current Chairman of the Board and former CEO of Intuit. ... Intuit Inc. ... Millard S. Drexler is a businessman, formerly CEO of Gap Inc, he joined the board of directors of Gap in November 1983 and left his position in October 2002. ... J.Crew is a fully integrated, multi-channel retailer specializing in mens, womens and childrens apparel and accessories. ... This article is about the former Vice President of the United States. ... The Vice President of the United States (sometimes referred to as VPOTUS[1] or Veep) is the first in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. ... Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24, 1955) is the co-founder, chairman and CEO of Apple Inc. ... Disney redirects here. ... Arthur D. Levinson (born March 31, 1950 in Seattle, Washington) is President and Chief Executive Officer of Genentech. ... Genentech, Inc. ... Eric Emerson Schmidt, Ph. ... This article is about the corporation. ... Jerry York is an American businessman, he was the former CFO of IBM and Chrysler. ... Harwinton Capital Corp. ...

Current executives

• Steve Jobs, chief executive officer
• Timothy D. Cook, chief operating officer
• Peter Oppenheimer, chief financial officer
• Philip W. Schiller, senior vice president of worldwide product marketing
• Tony Fadell, senior vice president of the iPod division
• Jonathan Ive, senior vice president of industrial design
• Bertrand Serlet, senior vice president of software engineering
• Ron Johnson, senior vice president of retail
• Sina Tamaddon, senior vice president of applications
• Scott Forstall, vice president of platform experience
• Donald Rosenberg, senior vice president, general counsel and secretary

Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24, 1955) is the co-founder, chairman and CEO of Apple Inc. ... “Chief executive” redirects here. ... Timothy D. Cook. ... A Chief Operating Officer (COO) is a corporate officer responsible for managing the day-to-day activities of the corporation. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... “CFO” redirects here. ... Philip W. Schiller Philip W. Schiller (born 1960) is the senior vice president of worldwide product marketing at Apple Inc. ... // Product Marketing deals with the first of the 4Ps of marketing, which are Product, Pricing, Placement, and Promotion. ... Tony Fadell Tony fadel Rubinstein]] in 2006. ... iPod is a brand of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple and launched in October 2001. ... Jonathan Paul Ive CBE (born February 1967) is Senior Vice President of Industrial Design at Apple Inc. ... Industrial design is an applied art whereby the aesthetics and usability of products may be improved for marketability and production. ... Bertrand Serlet is senior vice president of software engineering at Apple Inc[1]. He succeeded Avie Tevanian to the position in July 2003[2]. In this position he has been primarily responsible for the release of the 10. ... Software engineering (SE) is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software. ... Ron Johnson Ron Johnson is the Senior Vice President of Retail Operations at Apple Computer. ... Drawing of a self-service store. ... Sina Tamaddon Sina Tamaddon is the Senior Vice President of Applications for Apple Computer. ... Application software is a subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly to a task that the user wishes to perform. ... Scott Forstall is Vice President of iPhone Software at Apple Inc. ... In computing, a platform describes some sort of framework, either in hardware or software, which allows software to run. ... A General Counsel is the chief lawyer of a legal department, usually in a corporation or government department. ...

Advertising

The original Apple logo featuring Isaac Newton under the fabled apple tree.

The rainbow Apple logo, used from late 1976 to early 1998.

The glass Apple logo, used from 1998 to present

Main article: Apple Inc. advertising

Since the introduction of the Macintosh in 1984 with the 1984 Super Bowl commercial to the more modern 'Get a Mac' adverts, Apple has been recognized for its efforts towards effective advertising and marketing for its products, though it has been criticized for the content of more recent campaigns. Image File history File links Apple_first_logo. ... Image File history File links Apple_first_logo. ... Sir Isaac Newton FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [ OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist. ... Image File history File links Apple_Computer_Logo. ... Image File history File links Apple_Computer_Logo. ... Image File history File links Apple-logo. ... Image File history File links Apple-logo. ... In the past two decades, Apple Inc. ... A screenshot from the commercial. ... The winning Super Bowl team receives the Vince Lombardi Trophy. ... A number of commercials are show during the Super Bowl, one of footballs biggest annual events. ... John Hodgman as PC and Justin Long as Mac The Get a Mac campaign is a current (2006–present) television advertising campaign created for Apple Inc. ... In the past two decades, Apple Inc. ...

Logos

See also: U+F8FF or , seen as the Apple logo in some fonts.

Apple’s first logo, designed by Jobs and Wayne, depicts Sir Isaac Newton sitting under an apple tree. Almost immediately, though, this was replaced by Rob Janoff’s “rainbow Apple,” the now-familiar rainbow-colored silhouette of an apple with a bite taken out of it, possibly as a tribute to Isaac Newton's discoveries of the gravity (the apple), and the separation of light by prisms (the colors). This was one of several designs Janoff presented to Jobs in 1976.^[49] Unicode code point U+F8FF is the last character in the Unicode private use area. ... The Apple symbol (), created by holding alt-shift-k at the same time on an Apple Macintosh keyboard, is a symbol that represents Apple computers. ... This article, Typography of Apple Inc. ... Sir Isaac Newton in Knellers portrait of 1689. ... Rob Janoff is the creator of Apple Computers famous logo. ... For other uses, see Rainbow (disambiguation). ... Sir Isaac Newton FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [ OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist. ...

While it is generally accepted to have been in reference to Isaac Newton, some believe that the bitten apple is a homage to the mathematician Alan Turing, on whose deathbed an apple laced with cyanide was found. Turing, one of whose favorite films was Disney's Snow White, is regarded as one of the fathers of the computer.^[50] For a description of the medieval homage ceremony see commendation ceremony Homage is generally used in modern English to mean any public show of respect to someone to whom you feel indebted. ... Alan Mathison Turing, OBE, FRS (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, logician, and cryptographer. ... Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 animated feature, the first produced by Walt Disney. ...

In 1999, Apple began enforcing the use of a strictly monochrome logo—supposedly at the insistence of a newly re-inaugurated Jobs—nearly identical in shape to its previous rainbow incarnation. However, no specific color is prescribed; for example, it is grey on the Power Mac G5, Mac Mini, and iMac, black on the Aluminum iMac, blue in the iPod's "legal" menu and(by default) in Mac OS X until 10.5 when it was changed to chrome, chrome on the 'About this Mac' panel and the boot screen in Mac OS X 10.3 and 10.4, red on many software packages, and white on the iBook, PowerBook G4, PowerBook G3 (late models), MacBook, and MacBook Pro. The logo's shape is one of the most recognized brand symbols in the world, identifies all Apple products and retail stores (the name "Apple" is usually not even present), and notably included as stickers in nearly all Macintosh and iPod packages through the years. A photograph of a sign in grayscale The same photograph in black and white Monochrome comes from the two Greek words mono (μωνο, meaning one), and chroma (χρωμα, meaning surface or the color of the skin). A monochromatic object has a single color. ... A label is any kind of tag attached with adhesive to something so as to identify the object or its contents. ...

Slogans

Main article: List of Apple Inc. slogans

Apple's first slogan, "Byte into an Apple", was coined in the late 1970s. Once Apple started selling more than just computers, slogans were created for each individual product, rather than for the company itself. For example, the slogan "iThink, therefore iMac", was used in 1998 to promote the iMac. Several company-directed slogans are marketed today; however Apple tends to focus mainly on marketing its products individually. This is a list of slogans that have been used by Apple Inc. ... For the computer industry magazine, see Byte (magazine). ...

Litigation

Main article: Notable litigation of Apple Inc.

Apple's earliest court action dates to 1978 when Apple Records, The Beatles-founded record label, filed suit against Apple Computer for trademark infringement. The suit settled in 1981 with an amount of US$80,000 being paid to Apple Corps. As a condition of the settlement, Apple Computer agreed to stay out of the music business. The case arose in 1989 again when Apple Corps sued over the Apple IIGS, which included a professional synthesizer chip, claiming violation of the 1981 settlement agreement. In 1991 another settlement of around US$26.5 million was reached.^[51] In September 2003 Apple Computer was sued by Apple Corps again, this time for introducing the iTunes Music Store and the iPod, which Apple Corps believed was a violation of the previous agreement by Apple Computer not to distribute music.^[52] The trial in the UK ended on May 8, 2006 with victory for Apple Computer. The judge ruled the company's iTunes Music Store did not infringe on the trademark of Apple Corps and ordered Apple Corps to pay the legal costs.^[53] A new settlement was announced on February 5, 2007 giving Apple, Inc. control over the Apple mark with Apple Corps licensed to use it. Portions of the settlement are confidential, but each side will pay its own legal costs. As the Beatles' songs are not available for download from any legal music download sites, including the iTunes Music Store, Jobs' highly public nod to the Beatles (playing "Lovely Rita" on the iPhone) during his January 9, 2007 Macworld keynote fueled widespread speculation about a deal to sell Beatles songs on iTunes. A spokewoman for Apple Corps said the settlement had no bearing on any such matter.^[54] From the 1980s to the present Apple Inc. ... Apple Records logo, featuring a Granny Smith apple. ... The White Album, see The Beatles (album). ... Between 1978 and 2006 there have been a number of legal disputes between Apple Corps (owned by The Beatles) and the computer manufacturer Apple Computer (now Apple Inc. ... “(TM)” redirects here. ... Apple Records logo, featuring a Granny Smith apple. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Lovely Rita is a song by the Beatles off of the album Sgt. ... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Of the matter, Steve Jobs said "We love the Beatles, and it has been painful being at odds with them over these trademarks. It feels great to resolve this in a positive manner, and in a way that should remove the potential of further disagreements in the future."^[55]

In July 1998, Abdul Traya registered the domain name appleimac.com, shortly after Apple announced the iMac, in an attempt to draw attention to the web-hosting business he was running out of his parents' basement.^[56] After a legal dispute that lasted until April 1999, Traya and Apple settled out of court with Apple paying legal fees and giving Traya a "token payment" in exchange for the domain name.^[57] 1998 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Abdul Traya from Calgary, Alberta was a teenager and became famous when he registered the domain appleimac. ... The original Bondi Blue iMac G3 was introduced in 1998. ... 1999 is a common year starting on Friday Anno Domini (or the Current Era), and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...

In a more recent previously unrelated lawsuit, Apple entered into a class action settlement,^[58] upheld on December 20, 2005 following an appeal, regarding the battery life of iPod music players sold prior to May 2004. Eligible members of the class are entitled to extended warranties, store credit, cash compensation, or battery replacement. In law, a class action is an equitable procedural device used in litigation for determining the rights of and remedies, if any, for large numbers of people whose cases involve common questions of law and fact. ... is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... iPod is a brand of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple and launched in October 2001. ...

Creative also recently filed a patent dispute alleging that Apple infringed on one of Creative's patents for their Zen player with the iPod and iPod nano.^[59] On August 23, 2006, Apple and Creative settled their patent disputes by paying Creative US$100 million. Creative Technology Limited (SGX: C76, NASDAQ: CREAF) is a listed manufacturer of computer multimedia products based in Singapore where the firm was initially founded by Sim Wong Hoo (born 1957) on July 1, 1981. ... The Creative ZEN (formerly known as Creative NOMAD Jukebox Zen) is a range of digital audio players (DAPs) and portable media players (PMPs) made by Creative Technology. ... {| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 235th day of the year (236th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Creative Technology Limited (SGX: C76, NASDAQ: CREAF) is a listed manufacturer of computer multimedia products based in Singapore where the firm was initially founded by Sim Wong Hoo (born 1957) on July 1, 1981. ...

On January 10, 2007, Cisco sued Apple for the iPhone, since Cisco has held the trademark on the name "iPhone" since 2000. Cisco had refused rights to use the name "iPhone" on multiple occasions. Apple and Cisco had been in talks for a while about use of the name, though Apple had been denied the use of the name on several occasions leading up through January 9. Cisco alleged that Apple created a front company to attempt to acquire the name through other means, but failed also. During the 2007 Macworld Expo, Apple used Cisco's "iPhone" name anyway.^[60] On February 22, 2007 Cisco and Apple announced an agreement under which both companies would be allowed to use the iPhone name worldwide.^[61] is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Cisco may refer to: Cisco Systems, a computer networking company Cisco IOS, an internet router operating system CISCO Security Private Limited, a security company in Singapore Commercial and Industrial Security Corporation, a statutory board in Singapore Abbreviation for San Francisco, California Cisco (wine) The Cisco Kid, a fictional character created... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

In July 2007, Colorado-based photographer Louis Psihoyos filed suit against Apple for allegedly ripping his "wall of videos" imagery to advertise for Apple TV. According to Psihoyos, Apple had been negotiating with Psihoyos for rights to the imagery, but backed out and promptly used the imagery anyway. ^[62]

Stock option backdating investigation

On June 29, 2006, Apple announced that an internal investigation "discovered irregularities related to the issuance of certain stock option grants made between 1997 and 2001."^[63] A Special Committee reported the findings of the stock backdating investigation three months later on October 4, 2006, stating "the investigation found no misconduct by any member of Apple's current management team", … "the most recent evidence of irregularities relates to a January 2002 grant", and "stock option grants made on 15 dates between 1997 and 2002 appear to have grant dates that precede the approval of those grants". The Special Committee also reported that "in a few instances, Apple CEO Steve Jobs was aware that favorable grant dates had been selected, but he did not receive or otherwise benefit from these grants and was unaware of the accounting implications."^[64] Documents were subsequently faked to indicate a special board meeting had occurred and that the options had been granted on that day.^[65] The backdating gave Jobs a potential net gain of more than US$20 million had he exercised his options.^[66] is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On April 24, 2007, the SEC announced it had filed charges against former Apple chief financial officer Fred D. Anderson and former Apple general counsel Nancy R. Heinen for their alleged roles in backdating Apple options.^[67] Anderson immediately settled the charges for a payment of a civil penalty of US$150,000 and disgorgement of "ill-gotten gains" of approximately US$3.49 million.^[67] Heinen was charged with, among other things, violating the anti-fraud provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, lying to Apple's auditors, and violating prohibitions on circumventing internal controls, based on the options awarded to Steve Jobs (dated October 19, 2001 but allegedly granted in December 2001) and also option grants awarded to top company executives, including Heinen (dated January 17, 2001, but allegedly granted in February 2001.^[67]) The SEC is seeking injunctive relief, disgorgement, and money penalties against Heinen, in addition to an order barring her from serving as an officer or director of a public company.^[67] The charges against Heinen remain pending.^[67] is the 114th day of the year (115th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Fred D. Anderson is a managing director and co-founder of Elevation Partners. ... Nancy Regina Heinen was the General Counsel and Secretary for Apple Computer, Inc. ... // Congress enacted the Securities Act of 1933 (the “1933 Act,” the Truth in Securities Act or the Federal Securities Act) 48 Stat. ... The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 was a sweeping piece of legislation in the United States regulating the participants in the financial markets. ... is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ...

In late April 2007, the SEC announced that it would not bring action against Apple due to its "swift, extensive, and extraordinary cooperation in the Commission's investigation." Most analysts took this statement to mean that Apple was in the clear, and Steve Jobs personally read the statement to concerned shareholders at a meeting.

Culture

Apple was one of several highly successful companies founded in the 1970s that bucked the traditional notions of what a corporate culture should look like in terms of organizational hierarchy (flat versus tall, casual versus formal attire, et cetera). Other highly successful firms with similar cultural aspects from the same time period include Southwest Airlines and Microsoft, and the relative success of these firms (whether a result of their cultural differences or not) resulted in the widespread adoption of informal corporate culture within the technology industry.^{[citation needed]} Originally, the company stood in opposition to staid competitors like IBM more or less by default, thanks to the influence of its founders; Steve Jobs often walked around the office barefoot even after Apple was a Fortune 500 company. By the time of the "1984" TV ad, this trait had become a key way the company differentiated itself from its competitors.^[68] This article is about the American airline. ... Microsoft Corporation, (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is a multinational computer technology corporation with global annual revenue of US$44. ... The Fortune 500 is a ranking of the top 500 United States corporations as measured by gross revenue. ... A screenshot from the commercial. ...

Apple Fellows

As the company has grown and been led by a series of chief executives, each with his own idea of what Apple should be, some of its original character has arguably been lost, but Apple still has a reputation for fostering individuality and excellence that reliably draws talented people into its employ, especially after Jobs' return. To recognize the best of its employees, Apple created the Apple Fellows program. Apple Fellows are those who have made extraordinary technical or leadership contributions to personal computing while at the company. The Apple Fellowship has so far been awarded to a few individuals including Bill Atkinson,^[69] Steve Capps,^[70] Rod Holt,^[69] Alan Kay,^[71][72] Guy Kawasaki,^[71][73] Don Norman,^[71] Rich Page,^[69] and Steve Wozniak.^[69] Bill Atkinson worked at Apple Computer in the late 1970s and early 1980s. ... Steve Capps is a computer programmer and engineer who is best known for his work on the Apple Macintosh computer and Newton OS during the 1980s and 1990s. ... Alan Curtis Kay (born May 17, 1940) is an American computer scientist, known for his early pioneering work on object-oriented programming and windowing graphical user interface design. ... Guy Kawasaki (born 1954), one of the original Apple employees responsible for marketing of the Macintosh in 1984, is a Silicon Valley venture capitalist. ... Donald Norman is a professor emeritus of computer science at University of California, San Diego and a Professor of Computer Science at Northwestern University, but nowadays works mostly with cognitive science in the domain of usability engineering. ... Rich Page was the manager of the Lisa group at Apple Computer in the 1980s, and he later joined Steve Jobs at NeXT. External links Folklore. ... Stephan Gary Woz Wozniak (born August 11, 1950 in San Jose, California) is an American computer engineer and the co-founder of Apple Computer (now Apple Inc. ...

Users

According to surveys by J. D. Power, Apple has the highest brand and repurchase loyalty of any computer manufacturer. While this brand loyalty is considered unusual for any product, Apple appears not to have gone out of its way to create it. At one time, Apple evangelists were actively engaged by the company, but this was after the phenomenon was already firmly established. Apple evangelist Guy Kawasaki has called the brand fanaticism "something that was stumbled upon".^[74] Apple has, however, supported the continuing existence of a network of Mac User Groups in most major and many minor centers of population where Mac computers are available. J.D. Power is a consumers information resource providing ratings on everything from cars to restaurants. ... An Apple evangelist, also known as Mac(intosh) evangelist, and Mac advocate is a promoter of the Apple Macintosh platform. ... Guy Kawasaki (born 1954), one of the original Apple employees responsible for marketing of the Macintosh in 1984, is a Silicon Valley venture capitalist. ... A computer club is an organization that meets regularly to build, converse about, and assist others with computers. ...

Mac users meet at the European Apple Expo and the San Francisco Macworld Conference & Expo trade shows where Apple introduces new products each year to the industry and public. Mac developers in turn gather at the annual Apple Worldwide Developers Conference. The Apple Expo is a European annual sales conference and technology exposition held by Apple. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... WWDC 2005, at Moscone Center The Worldwide Developers Conference, commonly abbreviated WWDC, is an annual trade show for Apple developers. ...

Apple Store openings can draw crowds of thousands, with some waiting in line as much as a day before the opening or flying in from other countries for the event.^[75] The New York City Fifth Avenue "Cube" store had a line as long as half a mile; a few Mac fans took the opportunity of the setting to propose marriage.^[76] The Ginza opening in Tokyo was estimated in the thousands with a line exceeding eight city blocks.^[77] This article is about the retail chain. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Street sign at Fifth Avenue and East 57th street Fifth Avenue is a major thoroughfare in New York City. ...

John Sculley told The Guardian newspaper in 1997: "People talk about technology, but Apple was a marketing company. It was the marketing company of the decade."^[78] For other uses, see Guardian. ...

Market research indicates that Apple draws its customer base from an unusually artistic, creative, and well-educated population, which may explain the platform’s visibility within certain youthful, avant-garde subcultures.^[79]

Criticism

Apple has received criticism for not notifying users of system vulnerabilities until a fix is released,^[80] and has been accused of pressuring journalists to release their sources, with regards to leaked information about new Apple products.^[81] Apple also has received criticism for its iPhone and iPod integration with iTunes for not facilitating creation of software to run and maintain those devices using different applications tools besides iTunes.^[82] Apple also has been investigated and criticized for possible sweatshop conditions in factories in China where contract manufacturers make its iPod.^[83] Apple also has received criticism and two class-action lawsuits at both state and federal level about its iPhone product only allowed service through AT&T and the recent software update that made the iPhone useless if it was to be unlocked using a different tool that cited monopolistic and antitrust allegations between the two companies.^[84] Sweatshop is a pejorative term used to describe a manufacturing facility, usually a garment manufacturing facility, where working conditions are poor and workers are paid little. ... A contract manufacterer (CM) is a firm that manufactures components or products for another, hiring firm. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Civil action redirects here. ... This article is about the economic term. ... This article is about anti-competitive business behavior. ...

References

History

• Rob Price (1987). "So Far: The First Ten Years of a Vision". Apple Computer. ISBN 1-55693-974-4. 
• Ken Polsson. Chronology of Events in the History of Microcomputers. Retrieved on 2006-07-05.
• Apple III history. Retrieved on 2006-08-05.
• Apple II history. Retrieved on 2006-07-05.

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Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 119th day of the year (120th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Stephan Gary Woz Wozniak (born August 11, 1950 in San Jose, California) is an American computer engineer and the co-founder of Apple Computer (now Apple Inc. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 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Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 237th day of the year (238th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... is the 38th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 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Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... BBC News is the department within the BBC responsible for the corporations news-gathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 95th day of the year (96th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... BusinessWeek is a business magazine published by McGraw-Hill. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... CNET Networks, Inc. ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 116th day of the year (117th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24, 1955) is the co-founder, chairman and CEO of Apple Inc. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 61st day of the year (62nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... Apple Inc. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 248th day of the year (249th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... CNET Networks, Inc. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 198th day of the year (199th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 340th day of the year (341st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Steven Paul Jobs (born February 24, 1955) is the co-founder, chairman and CEO of Apple Inc. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... Ars Technica is a technology-related website catering to PC enthusiasts. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 159th day of the year (160th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 199th day of the year (200th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The main entrance The Royal Courts of Justice, commonly called the Law Courts, is a building in London, which houses the Court of Appeal and the High Court of Justice of England and Wales. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 36th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The FOX News Channel is a US cable and satellite news channel. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 129th day of the year (130th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... CNET Networks, Inc. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Reuters Group plc (LSE: RTR and NASDAQ: RTRSY); pronounced is known as a financial market data provider and a news service that provides reports from around the world to newspapers and broadcasters. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 53rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Engadget is a popular technology weblog and podcast (on hold as of 31/08/2007) about consumer electronics. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Mercs sections vary by day of the week, but Business, Sports, and The Valley are standard daily fare. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Bloomberg L.P. is the largest financial news and data company in the world, controlling 33% of market share. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... SEC redirects here. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 114th day of the year (115th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Andy Hertzfeld (born April 6, 1953), was a key member of the original Apple Macintosh development team, and some would consider him a pioneer among software engineers. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Andy Hertzfeld (born April 6, 1953), was a key member of the original Apple Macintosh development team, and some would consider him a pioneer among software engineers. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... MacTech is a monthly magazine about programming for the Apple Macintosh line of computers. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Ian Fried is a staff writer for CNET Networks News. ... CNET Networks Inc. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 114th day of the year (115th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... EFF Logo The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an international non-profit advocacy and legal organization based in the United States with the stated purpose of being dedicated to preserving free speech rights such as those protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution in the context of... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 146th day of the year (147th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... May 14 is the 134th day of the year (135th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 217th day of the year (218th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Image File history File links Wikibooks-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikiquote-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Image File history File links WikiNews-Logo. ... Image File history File links Wikiversity-logo-Snorky. ... Gil Amelio Gilbert F. Amelio (born March 1, 1943 in New York City) is an American technology executive. ... Andy Hertzfeld (born April 6, 1953), was a key member of the original Apple Macintosh development team, and some would consider him a pioneer among software engineers. ... Steven Levy Steven Levy (born 1951) is an American journalist who has written several books on computers, technology, cryptography, the Internet, cybersecurity, and privacy. ... Apple Confidential is a softback book documenting the history of Apple Computer, written by Owen Linzmayer. ... Disambiguation: Michael S. Malone is not the same author as Michael Malone. ... It has been suggested that Penguin Modern Poets, Penguin Great Ideas be merged into this article or section. ... John Sculley (born April 6, 1939) was president of PepsiCo during the 1970s and early 1980s, until he became CEO of Apple on April 8, 1983, a position he held until leaving in 1993. ... Stephan Gary Woz Wozniak (born August 11, 1950 in San Jose, California) is an American computer engineer and the co-founder of Apple Computer (now Apple Inc. ... Steve Wozniak or Woz co-founded Apple Computer and designed the Apple II, contributing greatly to the personal computer revolution. ... W. W. Norton & Company is an American book publishing company that has remained independent since its founding. ... John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ...

External links

• Apple Inc.
• Apple Inc. Hoover's Factsheet
• Apple Inc. company profile — Google Finance