FACTOID #53: If you thought Antarctica was inhospitable, think again - its land area is only ninety-eight percent ice. Reassuringly, the other 2% is categorised as "barren rock".
The Appleton layer is another name for the F layer of the Ionosphere. It is a band containing ionized gases in the Earth’s upper atmosphere, at a height of 150–1,000 km/94–625 mi, above the E-layer (formerly the Kennelly-Heaviside layer). It acts as a dependable reflector of radio signals as it is not affected by atmospheric conditions, although its ionic composition varies with the sunspot cycle. The ionosphere is the part of the atmosphere that is ionized by solar radiation. ...
The F layer has the highest concentration of free electrons and ions of the atmospheric layers. It is named after the English physicist Edward Appleton. Sir Edward Victor Appleton (September 6, 1892 – April 21, 1965) was an English physicist. ...
This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain. Supporters contend that the Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) represents, in many ways, the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...
Edward Victor Appleton was born in Bradford, England, on 6th September, 1892, the son of Peter and Mary Appleton.
Appleton was knighted in 1941, being created K.C.B., and he was a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the War Cabinet which, in 1941, advised the Government that the manufacture of an atomic bomb was feasible.
Appleton's work has been recognized by India, Norway and Denmark, and in 1948 he was appointed by the Pope to the Pontificial Academy of Science.
The D layer is the innermost layer, 50 km to 90 km above the surface of the Earth.
The E layer is the middle layer, 90km to 120km above the surface of the Earth.
The F layers are responsible for most skywave propagation of radio waves, and are thickest and most reflective of radio on the side of the Earth facing the sun.
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