Ara Pacis:Detail of the processional frieze showing members of the Julio-Claudian family (north face)

The Ara Pacis Augustae (Latin, "Altar of Majestic Peace"; commonly shortened to Ara Pacis) is an altar to Peace, envisioned as a Roman goddess. It was commissioned by the Roman Senate on 4 July 13 BC to honour the triumphal return from Hispania and Gaul of the Roman emperor Augustus,^[1] and was consecrated on 30 January 9 BC by the Senate to celebrate the peace established in the Empire after Augustus's victories^[2] The altar was meant to be a vision of the Roman civil religion. It sought to portray the peace and prosperity enjoyed as a result of the Pax Romana (Latin, "Roman peace") brought about by the military supremacy of the Roman empire. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... The Julio-Claudian dynasty was the series of the first five Roman Emperors. ... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ... Look up Altar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A peace dove, widely known as a symbol for peace, featuring an olive branch in the doves beak. ... Ancient Rome was a civilization that grew from a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula circa the 9th century BC to a massive empire straddling the Mediterranean Sea. ... For the 1934 film, see, see The Goddess (1934 film). ... The Roman Senate (Latin: Senatus) was the main governing council of both the Roman Republic, which started in 509 BC, and the Roman Empire. ... is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC - 10s BC - 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s Years: 18 BC 17 BC 16 BC 15 BC 14 BC 13 BC 12 BC 11 BC 10 BC 9 BC 8 BC... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Iberian Peninsula. ... Gaul (Latin: ) was the name given,in ancient times, to the region of Western Europe comprising present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ... Ordinary Magistrates Extraordinary Magistrates Titles and Honors Emperor Politics and Law This article discusses the nature of the imperial dignity, and its dynastic development throughout the history of the Empire. ... For other persons named Octavian, see Octavian (disambiguation). ... is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC 20s BC 10s BC - 0s BC - 0s 10s 20s 30s 40s 14 BC 13 BC 12 BC 11 BC 10 BC 9 BC 8 BC 7 BC 6 BC 5 BC 4 BC Events... The Roman Senate (Latin: Senatus) was the main governing council of both the Roman Republic, which started in 509 BC, and the Roman Empire. ... The intended meaning of the term civil religion often varies according to whether one is a sociologist of religion or a professional political commentator. ... Roman Empire at its greatest extent with the conquests of Trajan Pax Romana (27 BCE-180 CE), Latin for the Roman peace, was the long period of relative peace experienced by the Roman Empire. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ...

The Altar

Ara Pacis: the Tella panel

The Ara Pacis was enclosed within an enclosure elaborately and finely sculpted entirely in gleaming white marble, depicting scenes of traditional Roman piety, in which the Emperor and his family were portrayed in the act of offering sacrifices to the gods. Various figures bring forth cattle to be sacrificed. Some have their togas drawn over their heads, like a hood; this signifies that they are acting in their official capacity as priests. Others wear laurel crowns, traditional symbols of victory. Men, women, and children all approach the gods.Themes of civil peace are linked to themes of the dynastic Julio-Claudian claims, and the importance of religion as a civilizing force, in rites, some of which were consciously being revived for the occasion, according to Augustus himself.. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (597x922, 983 KB) I took this photo in 1995 and I release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (597x922, 983 KB) I took this photo in 1995 and I release it into the public domain. ... Marcus Aurelius and members of the Imperial family offer sacrifice in gratitude for success against Germanic tribes: contemporary bas-relief, Capitoline Museum, Rome For other uses, see Sacrifice (disambiguation). ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ... Roman clad in toga The toga was a distinctive garment of Ancient Rome. ... Binomial name Laurus nobilis L. The Bay Laurel (Laurus nobilis, Lauraceae), also known as True Laurel, Sweet Bay, Grecian Laurel, or just Laurel, is an evergreen tree or large shrub reaching 10–18 m tall, native to the Mediterranean region. ... A crown is a symbolic form of headgear worn by a monarch or by a god, for whom the crown is traditionally one of the symbols of power and legitimacy (See Regalia for a broader treatment). ... Look up Victory in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Julio-Claudian dynasty was the series of the first five Roman Emperors. ...

The Altar is considered a masterpiece, the most famous surviving example of Augustan sculpture; the figures in the procession are not idealised types, as are typically found in Greek sculpture, but rather portraits of individuals, some of them recognizable. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Sculpture of Ancient Greece. ...

Studies of the Ara Pacis and similar public Roman monuments traditionally address the potent political symbolism of their decorative programs, and emphasize dynastic and other imperial policies. It is suggested here that the Altar's imagery of the Golden Age, usually discussed as mere poetic allusion, actually appealed to a significant component of the Roman populace. The program of the Ara Pacis addressed this group's very real fears of cyclical history, and promised that the rule of Augustus would avert the cataclysmic destruction of the world predicted by contemporary models of historical thought.

Time, History, and Ritual on the Ara Pacis Augustae

Peter J. Holliday The Art Bulletin, Vol. 72, No. 4 (Dec., 1990), pp. 542-557 doi:10.2307/3045761 This article consists of 16 page(s).

Conservation

The Altar was originally located at the edge of the Campus Martius in the flood plain of the river Tiber, where it became buried under 4 metres of silt over the centuries. The first fragmentary sculptures were rediscovered in 1568, and have found their way to the Villa Medici, the Vatican, the Uffizi and the Louvre. In 1859 further sculptural fragments were found, and the sculptures were recognized as having belonged to the same monument. Friedrich von Duhn recognized that the reliefs belonged to the Ara Pacis, known from Augustus' memoir. In 1938 Benito Mussolini built a protective building for the Altar by the Mausoleum of Augustus (moving the Altar in the process) as part of his attempt to create an ancient Roman "theme park" as an example of Fascist Italy.^[2] The Campus Martius, or Field of Mars, was a publicly owned area of ancient Rome about 2 km² (600 acres) in extent. ... The Villa Medici is a villa in Rome, founded by Ferdinando I de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, housing the French Academy in Rome. ... The narrow courtyard between the Uffizis two wings creates the effect of a short, idealized street. ... This article is about the museum. ... Friedrich von Duhn (1859 — 1930) was a German Classical scholar who taught at the University of Heidelberg, where he headed the Institut für Klassische Archäologie (1879—1920);[1] his most memorable feat was in recognizing scattered fragments of sculpture as the remains of Augustus Ara Pacis. ... “Mussolini” redirects here. ... The entryway to the Mausoleum of Augustus. ... Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, refers to the right-wing authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ...

Ara Pacis: Processional frieze showing flamines and other officials (south face)

There is now a new cover building on the same site as Mussolini's. Designed by modern American architect Richard Meier^[2], the new building was opened in 2006 and has proved somewhat controversial^[2], the New York Times describing the result as "a flop"^[3], and the sitting mayor Walter Veltroni's opponent stated that (if elected) he would tear the structure down.^[4] Veltroni, however, has kept it and even used it to host a 45th anniversary exhibition of designs by Valentino Garavani, beginning in June 2007.[1][2] Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Bust of a flamen, 3rd century, Louvre A flamen was a name given to a priest assigned to a state supported god or goddess in Roman religion. ... Richard Meier (born October 12, 1934 in Newark, New Jersey) is a late twentieth century American architect known for his use of the purist white. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... Valentino is a fashion house created by Valentino Garavani, a famous fashion designer born on May 11, 1932, in the town of Voghera, Italy. ...

See also

• Imperial cult

The Imperial cult in Ancient Rome was the worship of the Roman Emperor as a god. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

• Conlin, Diane Atnally 1997. The Artists of the Ara Pacis: The Process of Hellenization in Roman Relief Sculpture (Studies in the History of Greece and Rome University of North Carolina Press)

Time, History, and Ritual on the Ara Pacis Augustae

Peter J. Holliday The Art Bulletin, Vol. 72, No. 4 (Dec., 1990), pp. 542-557 doi:10.2307/3045761

External links

• Samuel Ball Platner, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome: Ara Pacis
• The official web site of the Ara Pacis Museum in English
• Several pages with photos of the sculpture
• "Roman Power and Roman Imperial Sculpture"
• Article concerning Meier's museum housing the Ara Pacis
• Article from the New York Times, September 25 2006, "An Oracle of Modernism in Ancient Rome" by Nicolai Ouroussoff
• Richard Hodges, Current World Archaeology 20, pages 60-62
• Description from Richardmeier.com: Ara Pacis
• Ara Pacis Museum.com: Reference website devoted to the Ara Pacis and the Ara Pacis Museum

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Coordinates: 41°54′23″N, 12°28′32″E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...