The Arab Republic of Egypt, commonly known as Egypt, (in Arabic: مصر, romanized Miṣr or Maṣr, in Egyptian dialect) is a republic mostly located in north-eastern Africa. Arabic is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... A romanization or latinization is a system for representing a word or language with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, where the original word or language used a different writing system. ... Egyptian Arabic is a dialect of Arabic spoken in Egypt. ...

Covering an area of about 1,020,000 km² Egypt includes the Sinai Peninsula (considered part of Southwest Asia), while the majority of the country is located in North Africa. It shares land borders with Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, Israel to the northeast. It is bordered to the north and east by the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, respectively. Sinai Peninsula, Gulf of Suez (west), Gulf of Aqaba (east) from Space Shuttle STS-40 The Sinai Peninsula (in Arabic, Shibh Jazirat Sina) is a triangle-shaped peninsula lying between the Mediterranean Sea (to the north) and Red Sea (to the south). ... A map showing Southwest Asia - The term Middle East is more often used to refer to both Southwest Asia and some North African countries Southwest Asia, or West Asia, is the southwestern part of Asia. ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | North Africa ... This article is about Libya, the country in North Africa. ... Foreign relations Main article: Foreign relations of Sudan Sudan has a territorial dispute with Egypt over the Halaib Triangle. ... The State of Israel (Hebrew: מדינת ישראל, translit. ... -1... (Red Sea is also the name of a state in Sudan) Conshelf II in the Red Sea (Sudan) The Red Sea (Arabic البحر الأحمر Baḥr al-Aḥmar, al-Baḥru l-’Aḥmar; Hebrew ים סוף Yam Suf) is a gulf or basin of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. ...

The vast majority of Egypt's population inhabit the banks of the Nile river (about 40,000 km²).Large areas of land are part of the Sahara Desert and are sparsely inhabited. There is also Nile, a death metal band from South Carolina, USA. The Nile in Egypt Length 6 695 km Elevation of the source 1 134 m Average discharge 2 830 m³/s Area watershed 3 400 000 km² Origin Africa Mouth the Mediterranean Basin countries Uganda - Sudan - Egypt The... The Sahara is the worlds second largest desert (second to Antarctica), over 9,000,000 km² (3,500,000 mi²), located in northern Africa and is 2. ... A dune in the Egyptian desert Desert in California In geography, a desert is a landscape form or region that receives little precipitation. ...

Egypt is famous for its ancient civilisation and some of the world's most stunning ancient monuments, including the Giza Pyramids, the Karnak Temple and the Valley of the Kings. The southern city of Luxor contains what accounts to two-thirds of the ancient artifacts present in the entire world. Today, Egypt is widely regarded as the main political and cultural centre of the Arab and Middle Eastern regions. Map of Ancient Egypt Ancient Egypt was the civilization of the Nile Valley between about 3000 BC and the conquest of Egypt by Alexander the Great in 332 BC. As a civilization based on irrigation it is the quintessential example of an hydraulic empire. ... This is about the polyhedron. ... Karnak is a village in Egypt that was once part of the ancient capital of Egypt, Thebes. ... The Valley of the Kings, or Wadi el-Muluk (وادي الملوك) in Arabic, is a valley in Egypt where tombs were built for the Pharaohs of the New Kingdom, the Eighteenth through Twentieth Dynasties. ... See also the Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA Statue of Ramses II Luxor is a city in Upper (southern) Egypt. ...

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Flag of Egypt The Great Seal of the Republic
National motto: —
Official language	Arabic
Other widely spoken languages	English, French
Capital and Largest City	Cairo
President	Hosni Mubarak
Prime Minister	Dr. Ahmed Nazif
Area  - Total  - % water	Ranked 29th 1,001,450 km² 0.6%
Population  - Total (2003)  - Density	Ranked 15th 74,718,797 75/km²
Independence  - Granted	from the UK 28 February 1922
Currency	Egyptian Pound (LE/£E/EGP)
Time zone  - in summer	EET (UTC+2) EEST (UTC+3)
National anthem	Bilady, Bilady, Bilady
Internet TLD	.eg
Calling Code	20

National Flag of Egypt (1984-) United Arab Republic - Egypt and Syria (1958-1961) Kingdom of Egypt (1922-1952) The flag of Egypt in its current form was adopted on October 4, 1984. ... The Egyptian coat of arms is a golden eagle looking towards the left. ... Here is a list of state mottos for countries and their subdivisions around the world. ... An official language is something that is given a unique status in the countries, states, and other territories. ... Arabic is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. ... In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital — although the latter phrase has an alternative meaning based on an alternative meaning of capital) is the principal city or town associated with its government. ... View of the modern citys skyline. ... Monarchs Wālīs (Governors) of Egypt, 1805-1867 Muḩammad ‘Alī 1805-1848 Ibrāhīm 1848 Muḩammad ‘Alī (restored) 1848-1849 ‘Abbās I 1849-1854 Sa‘īd 1854-1863 Ismā‘īl 1863-1867 Khedives of Egypt, 1867-1914 Ismā‘īl 1867-1879 Tawfīq 1879-1892 ‘Abbās II 1892-1914 Sultans of Egypt, 1914... Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt Muhammad Hosni Said Mubarak ( Arabic : محمد حسنى سيد مبارك ) (born May 4, 1928), usually known as Hosni Mubarak (Mubarak also spelled Moubarak), has been the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt since October 14, 1981. ... List of Heads of Government of Egypt List of Heads of Government of Southern Region of Egypt Affiliations:- See also:- Egypt Rulers and Heads of State of Egypt Colonial Heads of Egypt Lists of Incumbents Categories: Egypt ... Eng. ... This article explains the meaning of area as a physical quantity. ... Here is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ... (Redirected from 1 E12 m2) To help compare orders of magnitude of different surface areas, here is a list of areas between 1 million km² and 10 million km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... In the most common sense of the word, a population is the collection of people—or organisms of a particular species—living in a given geographic area. ... Population density can be used as a measurement of any tangible item. ... This is a list of sovereign states and other territories by population. ... Independence is autonomous self-government of a country by its residents and indigenous population. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... The Egyptian pound. ... -1... European Summer Time is the daylight saving time practised in Europe, the period during which clocks are advanced by one hour in relation to the official time observed during the rest of the year. ... Eastern European Time (EET) is the time zone 2 hours ahead of UTC. Time zones of Europe, Blue WET or GMT or UTC , Red CET/MET, Green EET, Khaki MSK During summertime, DST (Daylight Saving Time) is in effect in some countries such as Finland and all other member states... UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, is an atomic realization of Universal Time or Greenwich mean time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as Zulu time, is an atomic realization of Universal Time or Greenwich mean time, the astronomical basis for civil time. ... The National Anthem is the name of a song by the band Radiohead. ... Bilady, Bilady, Bilady (My Homeland, My Homeland, My Homeland) is the Egypt. ... A top-level domain (TLD) is the last part of which Internet domain names consist of. ... .eg is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Egypt. ...

History

Main articles: History of Egypt Hathor The history of Egypt is the longest continuous history, as a unified state, of any country in the world. ...

Miṣr, the Arabic and official name for Egypt, is of Semitic origin, and possibly means 'a country' or 'a state'. The name Egypt came via the Latin word Aegyptus derived from the ancient Greek word Αἴγύπτος "aiguptos", which in turn is derived from the ancient Egyptian phrase ḥwt-k3-ptḥ ("Hut ka Ptah"), the name of a temple of the god Ptah at Memphis. For details see the article Copt. Arabic is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Semitic is an adjective which in common parlance mistakenly refers specifically to Jewish things, while the term actually refers to things originating among speakers of Semitic languages or people descended from them, and in a linguistic context to the northeastern subfamily of Afro-Asiatic. ... Ebers Papyrus detailing treatment of asthma Records of the Ancient Egyptian language have been dated about 3000 BC. It is part of the Afro-Asiatic group of languages and is related to Berber and Semitic (languages such as Arabic and Hebrew). ... In Egyptian mythology, Ptah (creator) is a creator god and patron deity of Memphis, Egypt, as well as craftsmen. ... Memphis was the ancient capital of the Old Kingdom of Egypt from its foundation until around 1300 BC. The ruins are 19 km (12 mi. ... The word Copt signifies the natives of Egypt as a nationality, and in popular common culture in Egypt it is used to specifically signify Christian Egyptians, although its use to mean Egyptian is not unwitnessed. ...

The regularity and richness of the annual Nile River flood, coupled with semi-isolation provided by deserts to the east and west, allowed for the development of one of the world's great civilisations. A unified kingdom arose circa 3200 BC by King Mina, and a series of dynasties ruled in Egypt for the next three millennia. The last native dynasty, known as the Thirtieth Dynasty, fell to the Persians in 341 BC who dug the predecessor of the Suez canal and connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean. Later, Egypt fell to the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and Persians again. A dune in the Egyptian desert Desert in California In geography, a desert is a landscape form or region that receives little precipitation. ... (33rd century BC - 32nd century BC - 31st century BC - other centuries) (5th millennium BC - 4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC) Events Ancient Egypt: Earliest known Egyptian hieroglyphs Crete: Rise of Minoan civilization Neolithic settlement built at Skara Brae in the Orkney Islands, Scotland New Stone Age people in Ireland build... Menes was an Egyptian pharaoh of the First dynasty, to some authors the founder of this dynasty, to others the Second. ... Iran ( Persia: ایران) is a Middle Eastern country located in southwestern Asia that until 1935 was referred to in the West as Persia. ... Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 390s BC 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC - 340s BC - 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 346 BC 345 BC 344 BC 343 BC 342 BC 341 BC 340 BC 339 BC 338... (Red Sea is also the name of a state in Sudan) Conshelf II in the Red Sea (Sudan) The Red Sea (Arabic البحر الأحمر Baḥr al-Aḥmar, al-Baḥru l-’Aḥmar; Hebrew ים סוף Yam Suf) is a gulf or basin of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered around its capital in Constantinople. ...

It was the Muslim Arabs who introduced Islam and the Arabic language in the Seventh Century changing Egypt into a linguistically "Arab" nation once and for all. Muslim rulers nominated by the Islamic Caliphate remained in control of Egypt for the next six centuries. A local military caste, the Mamluks took control about 1250 and continued to govern even after the conquest of Egypt by the Ottoman Turks in 1517. For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... Islam ( Arabic al-islām الإسلام,  listen?) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ... Arabic is a Semitic language, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... An Ottoman Mamluk, from 1810 Mamluks (or Mameluks) (the Arabic word usually translates as owned, singular: مملوك plural: مماليك) comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for themselves. ... Events December 13 - Death of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor Louis IX of France is captured by Muslims and has to ransom himself Mabinogion appears Albertus Magnus isolates the element arsenic Vincent of Beauvais writes proto-encyclopedic The Greater Mirror City of Stockholm founded Alphonso III of Portugal takes Algarve... The Ottoman Turks were the ethnic subdivision of the Turkic people who dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. ... Events January 22 - Battle of Ridanieh. ...

Following the completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, Egypt became an important world transportation hub; however, also fell heavily into debt. Ostensibly to protect its investments, Britain seized control of Egypt's government in 1882, but nominal allegiance to the Ottoman Empire continued until 1914. 1881 drawing of the Suez Canal The Suez Canal ( Arabic, Qanā al-Suways), west of the Sinai Peninsula, forms a 163  km (118 miles) ship canal in Egypt between Port Said (Būr Saīd) on the Mediterranean Sea and Suez (al-Suways) on the Red Sea. ... 1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power Imperial motto El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious (as written in tugra) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital İstanbul ( Constantinople/Asitane/Konstantiniyye ) Sovereigns Sultans of the Osmanli Dynasty Population ca 40 million Area 12+ million km² Establishment 1299 Dissolution October 29, 1923... 1914 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...

Partially independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty following World War II. Between 1924-1936 there existed a short lived attempt to model Egypt's constitutional government after the European-style of government; this was called Egypt's Liberal Experiment. In 1952 a popularly-supported military coup d'état forced King Farouk I, a constitutional monarch, to abdicate in support of his son King Ahmed Fouad II. Finally the Egyptian Republic was declared on 18 June 1953 with Gen. Mohamed Naguib as the first President of the Republic. After Naguib resigned in 1954, Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real architect of the 1952 Revolution, assumed power as President and nationalized the Suez Canal leading to the 1956 Suez Crisis. Between 1958 and 1961 Egypt and Syria formed a union known as the United Arab Republic. Egypts Liberal Experiment took place between 1924 and 1936. ... A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... June 18 is the 169th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (170th in leap years), with 196 days remaining. ... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ... Mohamed Naguib is the first Egyptian president. ... Gamal Abdel Nasser (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر) Gamal Abdel Nasser (January 15, 1918 - September 28, 1970) was the second President of Egypt after Muhammad Naguib and is considered one of the most important Arab leaders in history. ... The concept of power occurs in multiple areas. ... 1881 drawing of the Suez Canal The Suez Canal ( Arabic, Qanā al-Suways), west of the Sinai Peninsula, forms a 163  km (118 miles) ship canal in Egypt between Port Said (Būr Saīd) on the Mediterranean Sea and Suez (al-Suways) on the Red Sea. ... 1956 is a leap year starting on Sunday. ... The Suez Crisis, also known as the Suez War, Suez Campaign or Kadesh Operation was a war fought on Egyptian territory in 1956. ... 1958 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1961 (As MAD Magazine pointed out on its first cover for the year) was the first upside-down year - i. ... The United Arab Republic (UAR) was a country that existed as a union between the republics of Egypt and Syria between 1958 and 1961; though Egypt continued to be known as the UAR until 1970. ...

The Pyramids of Giza are at the heart of Egypt's thriving tourism industry.

Politics

Main article: Politics of Egypt Constitution The Constitution of the Arab Republic of Egypt declares Egypt to a ‘democratic and socialist republic’, operating under a ‘multiparty system’ semi-presidential system. ...

Egypt has been a republic since 18 June 1953. President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak has been the President of the Republic since October 14, 1981, following the assassination of former President Anwar Sadat on October 6, 1981. President Mubarak is currently serving his fourth term in office. He is the leader of the ruling National Democratic Party. Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif was sworn in as Prime Minister on 9 July 2004, following the resignation of Dr. Atef Obied from his office. Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt Muhammad Hosni Said Mubarak ( Arabic : محمد حسنى سيد مبارك ) (born May 4, 1928), usually known as Hosni Mubarak (Mubarak also spelled Moubarak), has been the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt since October 14, 1981. ... October 14 is the 287th day of the year (288th in Leap years). ... Anwar Sadat Mohamed Anwar el-Sadat – محمد أنورالسادات Arabic - ( December 25, 1918 – October 6, 1981) was an Egyptian politician and President from 1970 to 1981. ... October 6 is the 279th day of the year (280th in Leap years). ... The National Democractic Party is the current ruling party of Egypt, led by President Hosni Mubarak. ...

Egypt operates under a multi-party semi-presidential system where the executive power is divided between the President and the Prime Minister. Egypt holds regular presidential and parliamentary elections. The last Presidential Election was held in 1999 and the next one is scheduled to be held in October 2005. However, there is expressed concern from international human rights observers concerning freedom of speech and government interference in local elections. A multi-party system is a type of party system. ... The semi-presidential system is a system of government that features both a prime minister and a president who are active participants in the day to day functioning of government. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... Freedom of speech is the right to freely say what one pleases, as well as the related right to hear what others have stated. ...

The permanent headquarters for the League of Arab States is located in Cairo. Egypt was the first Arab state to establish peace with the State of Israel after the signing of the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty after the Camp David Accords). The Israel-Egypt peace treaty was signed in Washington on March 26, 1979 as the first of the Camp David Accords (1978). ... Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on September 17, 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David. ...

Governorates

Map of Egypt

Main article: Governorates of Egypt Egypt is divided into 26 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah): Ad Daqahliyah Al Bahr al Ahmar Al Buhayrah Al Fayyum Al Gharbiyah Al Iskandariyah Al Ismailiyah Al Jizah Al Minufiyah Al Minya Al Qahirah Al Qalyubiyah Al Wadi al Jadid Ash Sharqiyah As Suways Aswan Asyut Bani Suwayf Bur Sa...

Egypt is divided into 26 governorates (Muhafazat, singular - Muhafazah): A governorate is a subnational entity. ...

Aswan (أسوان Aswān) (24 05 N 32 56 E, population 200,000) is a city in the south of Egypt, the capital of the governorate of the same name. ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Governorates of Egypt | Cities in Egypt ... Categories: Stub | Governorates of Egypt ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Governorates of Egypt | Cities in Egypt ... Categories: Stub | Governorates of Egypt ... Bur Said is one of the governorates of Egypt. ... Ad Daqahliyah is an Egyptian governorate lying northeast of Cairo. ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Governorates of Egypt ... Al Fayyum is one of the governorates of Egypt located in the centre of the country. ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Governorates of Egypt ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Governorates of Egypt ... Al Ismailiyah is one of the governorates of Egypt. ... Janub Sina is one of the governorates of Egypt. ... Giza (Arabic, الجيزة, transliterated al-ǧīzah; pronounced in Egyptian Arabic dialect of Cairo al-Gīza; also sometimes rendered in English as Gizeh, Ghizeh, or Geezeh) is a town in Egypt on the left bank of the Nile river, across from the old city of Cairo, and now part of the... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Governorates of Egypt ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Governorates of Egypt ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Governorates of Egypt ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Governorates of Egypt ... For other uses, see Cairo (disambiguation). ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Governorates of Egypt ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Governorates of Egypt | Cities in Egypt ... Shamal Sina is one of the governorates of Egypt. ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Governorates of Egypt ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Governorates of Egypt ... This article needs cleanup. ... Categories: Africa geography stubs | Governorates of Egypt ...

Foreign relations

Geography, population, history, military strength, and diplomatic expertise give Egypt extensive political influence in the Middle East. Cairo has been a crossroads of Arab commerce and culture for millennia, and its intellectual and Islamic institutions are at the center of the region's social and cultural development.

The League of Arab States headquarters is in Cairo. The Secretary General of the League has traditionally been an Egyptian. Former Egyptian Foreign Minister Amr Moussa is the present Secretary General of the Arab League. Flag of the League of Arab States The Arab League or League of Arab States (Arabic: جامعة الدول العربية), is an organization of Arab states. ... Amr Moussa (Arabic: عمرو موسى, (born 1936) is an Egyptian diplomat and the current Arab League secretary-general, appointed in May 2001. ...

Egyptian Deputy Prime Minister Boutros Boutros-Ghali served as Secretary General of the United Nations from 1991 to 1996.

Egypt is on good terms with all of its neighbours, and was the first Arab nation to make peace with Israel. It has a territorial dispute with Sudan over the Hala'ib Triangle. The Halaib Triangle is an area of land measuring 20,580 km&sup2 located on the Red Seas African coast, between the borders of Egypt and Sudan. ...

Economy

Alexandria is Egypt's second largest city and chief port. Here is that city's state-of-the-art library.

Main article: Economy of Egypt Overview A series of International Monetary Fund arrangements, coupled with massive external debt relief resulting from Egypts participation in the Gulf War coalition, helped Egypt improve its macroeconomic performance during the 1990s. ...

Egypt's economy depends mainly on agriculture, media, petroleum exports, and tourism; there are also more than 5 million Egyptians working abroad, mainly in Saudi Arabia, the Gulf area like UAE, and Europe.

The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. Map of Egypt showing the location of Aswan and Lake Nasser. ... View of Lake Nasser from Abu Simbel Map showing the location of Lake Nasser Lake Nasser (Arabic: Buhayrat Nasir) is a vast artificial lake in southern Egypt and northern Sudan. ... Farming, ploughing rice paddy, in Indonesia Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other desired products by cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals ( livestock). ...

The government has struggled to ready the economy for the new millennium through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure, much financed from U.S. aid. Egypt is the second largest recipient of such funds from the United States after Israel. Economic conditions are starting to improve considerably after a period of stagnation due to the adoption of more liberal economic policies by the government, as well as increased revenues from tourism and a booming stock market.

Demographics

Egypt has a burgeoning youth population.

Egyptians are one of the most diverse people in the middle east

Main article: Demographics of Egypt Egypt is the most populous country in the Arab world and the second-most populous on the African Continent. ...

Egypt is the most populous Arab country, at about 74,000,000 people. Nearly all the population is concentrated along the River Nile, notably Alexandria and Cairo, and along the Nile Delta and near the Suez Canal. Approximately 90% of the population adheres to Islam and the remainder to Christianity (primarily the Coptic faith). Arab (disambiguation). ... For alternative meanings of Nile, see Nile (disambiguation) The Nile in Egypt Length 6 695 km Elevation of the source 1 134 m Average discharge 2 830 m³/s Area watershed 3 400 000 km² Origin Africa Mouth the Mediterranean Basin countries Uganda - Sudan - Egypt The Nile (Arabic: النيل an... Antiquity and modernity stand cheek-by-jowl in Egypts chief Mediterranean seaport Located on the Mediterranean Sea coast, Alexandria (in Arabic, الإسكندرية — al-Iskandariyah) is the chief seaport in Egypt, and that countrys second largest city, and the capital of the Al Iskandariyah governate. ... View of the modern citys skyline. ... 1881 drawing of the Suez Canal The Suez Canal ( Arabic, Qanā al-Suways), west of the Sinai Peninsula, forms a 163  km (118 miles) ship canal in Egypt between Port Said (Būr Saīd) on the Mediterranean Sea and Suez (al-Suways) on the Red Sea. ... Islam ( Arabic al-islām الإسلام,  listen?) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ... Christ - Coptic Art Coptic Orthodox Christianity is the indigenous form of Christianity that, according to tradition, the apostle Mark established in Egypt in the middle of the 1st century AD (approximately AD 60). ...

The Egyptians are a fairly homogenous people. Mediterranean (such as Greek and Italian) and Arab influences appear in the North, and there are indigenous black populations in the South. Many theories has been proposed on the origins of the Egyptians, however none are conclusive, and the most widely accepted theory is that Egyptian society was the result of a mix of east african and asiatic people who moved to the Nile Valley after the ice age. The bulk of Modern Egyptian society are heterogeneous but maintain cultural ties to the ancient Egyptian society which has always been regarded as rural and most populous compared to the neighbouring demographics. The Egyptian people spoke only languages from the Afro-Asiatic family (previously known as Hamito-semitic) The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Map showing the distribution of Afro-Asiatic languages The Afro-Asiatic languages are a language family of about 240 languages and 285 million people widespread throughout North Africa, East Africa, the Sahel, and Southwest Asia. ...

Culture

Main article: Culture of Egypt The Culture of Egypt has five thousand years of recorded history. ...

Most Egyptians are Sunni Muslims

Egypt's capital Cairo is the largest city in both Africa and the Middle East

Over six million Egyptians follow the Christian faith as members of the Coptic Church

The capital city, Cairo, is Africa's largest city and has been renowned for centuries as a center of learning, culture and commerce of Egypt. Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... View of the modern citys skyline. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... Christ - Coptic Art Coptic Orthodox Christianity is the indigenous form of Christianity that, according to tradition, the apostle Mark established in Egypt in the middle of the 1st century AD (approximately AD 60). ...

Egypt also hosts two major religious institutions. Al-Azhar University, the oldest Islamic institution for higher studies (founded around 970 CE) with its corresponding mosque Al-Azhar. The head of Al-Azhar is traditionally regarded as the supreme leader of Sunni Muslims all over the world. Egypt also has a strong Christian heritage as evidenced by the existence of the Coptic Orthodox Church headed by the Patriarch of Alexandria, which claims a following of 50 million Christians worldwide (one of the famous Coptic Orthodox Churches is Saint Takla Haimanot Church in Alexandria http://www.St-Takla.org). Al-Azhar Islamic university in Cairo Egypt Al-Azhar University is connected to the mosque in Cairo named to honor Fatima Az-Zahraa, the daughter of Muhammad, from whom the Fatimid Dynasty claimed descent. ... Islam ( Arabic al-islām الإسلام,  listen?) the submission to God is a monotheistic faith and the worlds second-largest religion. ... Events Major volcano eruption in Mashu Japan Devastating decade long famine begins in France Byzantine Emperor John I successfully defends the Eastern Roman Empire from massive barbarian invasion Construction completed on Al-Azhar mosque in Cairo, worlds oldest Islamic university Births Leif Ericson, Norse explorer Seyyed Razi, important Muslim... Christ - Coptic Art Coptic Orthodox Christianity is the indigenous form of Christianity that, according to tradition, the apostle Mark established in Egypt in the middle of the 1st century AD (approximately AD 60). ... The Patriarch of Alexandria is the bishop of Alexandria, Egypt. ...

Though considered a low-income country, Egypt has a thriving media and arts industry, with more than 30 satellite channels and more than 100 motion pictures produced a year. To bolster its media industry, especially with the keen competition from the Persian Gulf states and Lebanon, it has built a large media city that it has promoted as the "Hollywood of the East". Egypt has the only opera house amongst Arab countries. The Persian Gulf States, frequently just called the Gulf States (which may cause a confusion with the Gulf States of the United States, which are those along the Gulf of Mexico), are the countries in Southwest Asia or the Middle East which border the Persian Gulf. ... This article is about opera as an art form. ...

Some famous Egyptians include: Gamal Abdel Nasser (former president), Boutros Boutros-Ghali (former Secretary General of the United Nations), Naguib Mahfouz (Nobel Prize-winning novelist), Umm Kulthum (singer), Omar Sharif (actor), Ahmed Zewail (Nobel Prize-winning chemist), Mohamed ElBaradei (Head of the International Atomic Energy Agency), Anwar Sadat (former president and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر) Gamal Abdel Nasser (January 15, 1918 - September 28, 1970) was the second President of Egypt after Muhammad Naguib and is considered one of the most important Arab leaders in history. ... Order: 6th Secretary-General Term of Office: January 1, 1992–December 31, 1996 Predecessor: Javier Pérez de Cuéllar Successor: Kofi Annan Born: November 14, 1922 Place of birth: Cairo, Egypt Boutros Boutros_Ghali (born November 14, 1922) was the sixth Secretary_General of the United Nations from January 1992 to December 1996. ... Naguib Mahfouz (born December 11, 1911) is an Egyptian novelist. ... Umm Kulthum (أم كلثوم, Oum Kalsoum) (c. ... Omar Sharif as Captain Nemo in Mystery Island Omar Sharif (born April 10, 1932), also known as Omar El-Sharif, is an Egyptian-born actor (of Syrian origins) who has starred in several Hollywood films. ... Ahmed Hassan Zewail (Arabic: أحمد زويل) (born February 26, Egyptian chemist, and the winner of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on femtochemistry. ... Dr. Mohamed ElBaradei (born 1942, Egypt) is the Director General of the United Nations International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), an inter-governmental organization under the auspices of the United Nations. ... Anwar Sadat Mohamed Anwar el-Sadat – محمد أنورالسادات Arabic - ( December 25, 1918 – October 6, 1981) was an Egyptian politician and President from 1970 to 1981. ...

Egyptian countryside, south of Cairo. Every green plant is watered from the Nile.

See also

• List of famous Egyptian people
• List of writers from Egypt
• Egyptian mythology
• Islam in Egypt
• Coptic Christianity
• Music of Egypt
• Military of Egypt
• Communications in Egypt
• Transportation in Egypt
• List of Egypt-related topics

The following is a list of Egyptians: Actors/actresses Adel Imam عادل إمام Ahmed El Sakka احمد السقا Ahmad Zaki أحمد زكي Anwar Wagdi أنور وجدي Faten Hamama فاتن حمامة Foad AlMohandess فؤاد المهندس Hisham Selim هشام سليم Ismail Yasin إسماعيل ياسين Naguib AlRaihani نجيب الريحاني Madiha Kamel مديحة كامل... African Writers (by country): This is a list of literary figures from the African continent, listed by country, including poets, novelists, childrens writers, essayists, and scholars, listed by country. ... Egyptian mythology (or Egyptian religion) is the name for the succession of beliefs held by the people of Egypt until the coming of Christianity and Islam. ... Al-Azhar Islamic university in Cairo Egypt, connected to a mosque built around 971, is the oldest continuously operating university in the world. ... Christ - Coptic Art Coptic Orthodox Christianity is the indigenous form of Christianity that, according to tradition, the apostle Mark established in Egypt in the middle of the 1st century AD (approximately AD 60). ... The region around the Nile is one of the oldest continually-inhabited areas in the world. ... The Egyptian military, among the largest in the region, includes an Army, Navy, Air Force and Air Defense Command. ... Egypt has long been the cultural and informational center of the Arab world, and Cairo is the regions largest publishing and broadcasting center. ... Transportation facilities in Egypt are centered in Cairo and largely follow the pattern of settlement along the Nile. ... This page aims to list articles on Wikipedia that are related to Egypt. ...

External links

• Glyphdoctors: Online Egyptology Courses (http://www.glyphdoctors.com)
• Egypt.. the past and the present (http://st-takla.org/Egypt-1.html)
• Map  (http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/africa/egypt_pol97.jpg)
• Arab Gateway - Egypt (http://www.al-bab.com/arab/countries/egypt.htm)
• BBC News Country Profile - Egypt (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/middle_east/country_profiles/737642.stm)
• CIA World Factbook - Egypt (http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/eg.html)
• Library of Congress Country Study - Egypt (http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/egtoc.html) data as of December 1990
• LookSmart - Egypt (http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317836/us317916/us559898/us559899/us10065673/us559916) directory category
• Open Directory Category - Egypt (http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Egypt/) directory category
• Yahoo! - Egypt (http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Egypt/) directory category
• AllAfrica - Egypt (http://allafrica.com/egypt/) news
• Yahoo! Full Coverage - Egypt (http://story.news.yahoo.com/fc?cid=34&tmpl=fc&in=World&cat=Egypt) news headline links
• Cairo.org: Cairo's History, Photos and Attractions (http://www.cairo.org)

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This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... The Kingdom of Bahrain, or Bahrain (occasionally spelt Bahrein), is a borderless island nation in the Persian Gulf ( Southwest Asia/ Middle East, Asia). ... Cyprus (in Greek Kypros Κύπρος and in Turkish Kıbrıs) is an island in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, 113 kilometres (70 miles) south of Turkey and around 120 km west of the Syrian coast. ... Map of the Gaza Strip from The World Factbook. ... Iran ( Persia: ایران) is a Middle Eastern country located in southwestern Asia that until 1935 was referred to in the West as Persia. ... The Republic of Iraq is a Middle Eastern country in southwestern Asia encompassing the ancient region of Mesopotamia. ... The State of Israel (Hebrew: מדינת ישראל, translit. ... The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, commonly called Jordan, is a country in the Middle East. ... This article is about the country of Kuwait. ... The Lebanese Republic or Lebanon is a country in Southwest Asia, bordering the Mediterranean Sea. ... The Sultanate of Oman is a country in the southwestern part of Asia, on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. ... The State of Qatar (قطر) is an emirate in the Middle East. ... The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country on the Arabian Peninsula. ... The Syrian Arab Republic is a country in the Middle East, bordering (from south to north) on Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Iraq and Turkey. ... UAE redirects here; for other uses of that term, see UAE (disambiguation) The United Arab Emirates is an oil-rich country situated in the south-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, comprising seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah and Umm al-Quwain. ... The West Bank is a territory in the Middle East constituting the area west of the Jordan River annexed by Jordan at the end of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. ... The Republic of Yemen is a country in the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia, and is a part of the Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia. ...