Arabic influence on the Spanish language

Estimates of the number of Arabic loanwords in the Spanish language range from 3000 to 5000 words. The exact number is not known. Many arabisms not included on this list are regionalisms: words which are used in certain parts of Spain and/or Latin America but are unknown elsewhere.

Methodology

This is an open list of Spanish words acquired directly from Classical and Andalusi Arabic, listed in alphabetical order. This list includes the Spanish meaning of the word as well as the Arabic etymology. No fixed standard of Arabic transliteration is used. Due to the heavy influence of Arabic on Spanish, this list is relatively restrictive: To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Andalusi Arabic was a dialect of the Arabic language spoken in Al-Andalus, the regions of Spain under Muslim rule. ... Not to be confused with Entomology, the study of insects. ... Due to the fact that the Arabic language has a number of phonemes that have no equivalent in English or other European languages, a number of different transliteration methods have been invented to represent certain Arabic characters, due to various conflicting goals: A desire to stay consistent with traditional usage...

• Only words which have passed directly from Arabic are included. Arabic words which entered the Spanish language through other, non-Iberian, European languages (such as Beduino, Sofá or sorbete) are not included.

• Only Spanish root words are listed, derivations not being included. For example, aceite (from az-zeit, oil) is included but not aceitería, aceitero, aceitón or aceitoso. On the other hand, aceituna (olive) is included since it derives not from az-zeit but from az-zeituna in Arabic, even though the root of the Arabic word is the same. An exception to this rule may be made when the derived word is much more commonly used than the root word or when it is not evident that one is derived from the other (e.g. horro and ahorrar).

• Words derived from Mozarabic are not included (Mozarabic being fundamentally a Romance language), unless the Mozarabic word is itself derived from classical Arabic.

• Words acquired from Berber or Hebrew (or other Afro-Asiatic languages) are not included.

The etymology and meaning of most of these words can be verified on the site of the Real Academia de la Lengua Española, although a small minority are only available in past editions of this dictionary. The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ... It has been suggested that Languages of the European Union be merged into this article or section. ... Binomial name Olea europaea L. 19th century illustration The Olive (Olea europaea) is a species of small tree in the family Oleaceae, native to coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean region, from Lebanon and the maritime parts of Asia Minor and northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian... Mozarabic was a continuum of closely related Iberian Romance dialects spoken in Muslim dominated areas of the Iberian Peninsula during the early stages of Romance languages development in Iberia. ... The Romance languages, also called Romanic languages, are a subfamily of the Italic languages, specifically the descendants of the Vulgar Latin dialects spoken by the common people evolving in different areas after the break-up of the Roman Empire. ... The Berber languages (or Tamazight) are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria. ... Hebrew language most commonly refers to Modern Hebrew; in historical contexts, it commonly refers to the Biblical Hebrew language. ... The Afro-Asiatic languages constitute a language family with about 375 languages (SIL estimate) and more than 300 million speakers spread throughout North Africa, East Africa, the Sahel, and Southwest Asia (including some 200 million speakers of Arabic). ...

A

1. ababol: silly or thoughtless person. Used mainly in the Spanish region of Aragon. Poppy. In Aragon, Navarre, Albacete and Murcia. From Andalusi Arabic Happapáwr, a fusion of the Arabic word Hab "seed" and the Latin papāver.
2. abacero: owner of an abacería, small food shop. From Andalusi Arabic SaHb azzád "owner of the supplies."
3. abadí: descendant/lineage of Mohammed ben Abad, founder of the Taifa Kingdom of Seville in the 11th century AD. From Andalusi Arabic abbadi.
4. abalorio: cheap jewelery; jewelery beads. From Andalusi Arabic al ballúri "made of glass."
5. abarraz: stavesacre (Delphinium staphisagria), a medicinal plant. From Andalusi Arabic Hab ar-rras "head seeds."
6. abasí: relative to the "Abassid" dynasty which overthrew the Damascus Ummayads in the 7th century.
7. abelmosco: musk seeds, an aromatic plant. From Andalusi Arabic Hab el musk literally "musk seeds."
8. abencerraje: used in expression: "Zegríes y abencerrajes", which means "partisans of opposite interests". The Abencerrajes (in Arabic aban as-sarráǧ) was an Arabic family of the Kingdom of Granada, rivals of the Zegríes in the 15th century.
9. abenuz: ebony. From Arabic abanus of the same meaning.
10. abismal: screw in head of a spear. From Arabic al-mismar "nail."
11. abitaque: a cut of wood used in construction of a certain shape and dimension. From Arabic Tabaqa "layer" or "intermediate chamber."
12. acebibe: raisin. From Arabic zabib of the same meaning.
13. acebuche: wild olive tree, or wood from such a tree. From Andalusi Arabic azzabbúǧ.
14. aceche: copper, iron or zinc sulphate. From Arabic zāǧ.
15. aceifa: Muslim summer military expedition. From Arabic Sa'ifah "harvest" or "summer expedition."
16. aceite: oil. From Arabic az-zeit "oil."
17. aceituna: olive. From Arabic az-zeitun "olive."
18. aceituní: precious cloth from the Orient. From Arabic az-zeituni, a possible adaptation of the Chinese city Tsö-Thung.
19. acelga: chard. From Arabic as-silqa of the same meaning.
20. acémila: beast of burden; tax formerly paid in Spain. From Arabic az-zamilah "beast of burden."
21. acemite: wheat husk; a type of wheat porridge. From Arabic as-samid.
22. acenefa see cenefa.
23. aceña: water mill. From Arabic as-saniyah "the lifter."
24. acequia: irrigation canal. From Arabic as-saqiyah "the irrigator."
25. acerola: fruit of the service tree (the tree itself is called acerolo). From Arabic zu 'rūrah. Originally from Syriac za‘rārā.
26. acetre: bucket or Cauldron used to extract water from a well; small cauldron used to spray holy water in Christian liturgy. From Arabic aS-Satl.
27. aciar: (or acial): instrument used to keep farm-animals still by squeezing their ear or snout. From Arabic az-ziyār.
28. acíbar: aloe (both the plant and its bitter juice); bitterness, grief, distaste. From Arabic aS-Sabr.
29. acicalar: to clean or polish (Acicalarse in reflexive form); to make oneself look good by combing, shaving etc. From Arabic aS-Siqal, an instrument used for polishing things.
30. acicate: spurs or the spikes on spurs; incentive. From Arabic (Muzil) as-siqaT "what takes away weaknesses."
31. acidaque: Muslim dowry. From Arabic as-Sidaq, dowry in Islamic law.
32. acimut: astrological concept: angle with which the meridian forms a vertical circle which passes through a point in the globe. From Arabic assumut plural of samt.
33. ación: handle on the stirrup. From Arabic suyūr, plural of sayr "strap."
34. acirate: line of soil used to separate different plots of land; path between two lines of trees. From Arabic SirāT.
35. acitara or citara: thin wall, normally on a bridge. From Arabic sitārah, wall to avoid falls.
36. achacar: to blame. From Arabic tashakkà: to complain or to blame.
37. adafina: pot used by Hebrews to cook. It is buried in ambers on friday night, where it cooks until Saturday. From Arabic: dafina "buried."
38. adalid: leader; general of Spanish militia. From Arabic dalil.
39. adaraja: each of the gaps made by the bricks in a horizonally unfinished wall. From daraja.
40. adarga: leather shield. From Arabic daraqah.
41. adárgama:(rarely used today) flour. From Arabic darmaka.
42. adarme: small portion of something; type of measurement. From Arabic dirham.
43. adarvar: to shock. From Arabic darb "blow."
44. adarve: wall of a fortress; protection, defense. From Arabic darb
45. adaza: sorghum. From Arabic duqsah.
46. adefera: a small, square wall or floor tile. From Arabic add-ddafeera.
47. adehala: that which is granted or taken as obligatory with the price in the leasing or sale of a propery. From Mozarabic ad ihala and originally from Arabic ihala "offering credit."
48. adelfa: oleander. From Arabic ad-difla of the same meaning.
49. ademán: gesticulation which expresses the will to do something. From Arabic ad-daman, literally meaning legal guarantees. The change of meaning is due to the exaggerated promises and gesticulations which were offered in such a plea.
50. ademe: wooden structures used to strengthen tunnels in mines. From Arabic di'mah.
51. aderra: cord used to press grapes or olives in order to obtain their juice. From Andalusi Arabic ad-dirra a noose or cord used to punish those who were guilty of fraud.
52. adiafa: present or refreshment given to sailors when back from a voyage. From Arabic Diyafa "present of hospitality."
53. adivas: a disease provoking throat inflammation in animals. From Arabic aD-Dibbah "wolverine" - which is the old Arabic name for this disease.
54. adive: a type of canid similar to a fox. From Arabic di'b.
55. adobe: brick made from clay. From Arabic at-tuba(from Coptic tôbe) of the same meaning, and from ad-dabba.
56. adoquín: paving-stone, cobble; block. From Arabic Dukkan bench of rock or wood.
57. ador: in regions where water for irrigation is restricted and shared out by local authorities, irrigation-time for each farm/field. From Arabic dawr.
58. aduana: customs house; customs. From Arabic diwan.
59. aduar: semi-permanent rural settlement, normally used for Gypsies, beduins or Amerindians in South America. From Beduin Arabic duwwar.
60. adúcar: type of silk made from the outside of the silk-worm's cocoon. From Andalusi Arabic Haduqa.
61. adufe:tambourine used by Spanish Muslims. From Arabic Duff.
62. adul: in Morocco, asessor of the Cadí. From Arabic adl "trustworthy person."
63. adula: see dula.
64. adunia: (adverb) lots. From Andalusi Arabic addunya, originally from classical Arabic duniya "the (whole) world."
65. adutaque: same meaning as adárgama. From Arabic duqaq "fine flour."
66. afán: effort; desire; zeal. From afanar.
67. afanar: to steal; to work with passion. From Arabic fanaa "extinction," "annihilation through passion."
68. aguajaque: the whitish resin of fennel. From Arabic aw-washaq "contaminated with water."
69. agüela: Renta de los derechos sobre préstamos consignados en documento público. From Arabic Hawalah.
70. ajabeba: Moorish flute. From Classical Arabic sabbabah.
71. ajaquefa:
72. ajaraca:
73. ajarafe: terrace. From Classical Arabic saraf "commanding height."
74. ajebe: Alum; Para rubber Tree. From Arabic as-Shabb.
75. ajedrea: plant of the family of the Labiadas, about three decimeters of height, very populated with branches and narrow leaves, of dark color. It is cultivated for adornment in the gardens. From Arabic assariyya or assiriyya, ultimately from Latin satureia.
76. ajedrez: chess. From Arabic ash shitrang.
77. ajenuz: nutmeg flower or Roman coriander (Nigella Sativa). From Andalusi Arabic Shanuz and ultimately Classical Arabic Shuniz.
78. ajimez: bent; window divided in the center by a vertical divider; salient balcony done of wood and with lattice windows. From Arabic samis.
79. ajomate: pluricellular alga formed by very thin filaments, without knots, bright and of intense green color. It abounds in fresh waters of Spain. From Classical Arabic gumam.
80. ajonjolí: sesame; herbaceous, annual plant of the family of the Pedaliáceas, a meter high, straight stem, sawn and almost triangular leaves, white or rosy corolla, and fruit with four yellowish, very slight, oily and eatable capsules and many seeds. From Classical Arabic gulgulan "sesame."
81. ajorca: bangle; type of gold hoop, silver or another metal, used by the women to adorn the wrists, arms or the feet. From Classical Arabic shuruk, ultimately from the word shirāk "strap."
82. ajorrar: To drag, to tow. See Jorro.
83. ajuagas: equine animal ulcers. From Classical Arabic shuqaq.
84. ajuar: a collection of household and personal items (clothes, furniture, jewelry etc...) which women in Spain traditionally prepare from a young age for the day in which they marry and move in with their husband. From Arabic Shawar.
85. alacena: cupboard. From Classical Arabic ẖizānah.
86. alacet: foundation of a building. From Classical Arabic asas.
87. alacrán: scorpion. From Classical Arabic aqrab of same meaning.
88. aladar
89. aladroque:
90. alafa: wage; pay. From Classical Arabic alafah "subsistence allowance."
91. 'alafia: grace; pardon; mercy. From Andalusian Arabic al afya ultimately from Classical Arabic afiyah "health."
92. alahílca: tapestry to adorn the walls. Perhaps of alailaca from Andalusian Arabic ilaqa, and this of Classical Arabic ilāqah perhaps meaning "hanger."
93. alajor
94. alajú
95. alamar
96. alambique: alembic. From Arabic al-anbiq "the cup/container holding water".
97. alambor (two meanings from al'ubur and from al-hambad)
98. alamín
99. alamud
100. alaqueca
101. alárabe
102. alarde/alardear: To boast/to show off.
103. alarido: Scream.
104. alarife
105. alarije
106. alaroz
107. alaroza
108. alatar
109. alatrón
110. alazán
111. alazor
112. albacara: Wall around a fortress (within which cattle were normally kept. From Arabic bab al-baqqara The cattle door. A small wheel from Arabic al-bakra.
113. albacea: executor (of a will). From Andalusi Arabic Sahb al Wassiya.
114. albacora: albacore. From Arabic al-bakura "premature" or al-bakrah "young camel."
115. albadena
116. albahaca
117. albahío
118. albaida
119. albanar
120. albanega
121. albaní
122. albañal
123. albañil
124. albaquía: the remainder. From Arabic al-baqeya of the same meaning.
125. albarán
126. albarrán
127. albarazo
128. albarda
129. albardán
130. albardín
131. albaricoque: apricot. From Arabic al-barqouq "plum" or "early-ripe."
132. albarrada
133. albarrán
134. albarrana
135. albatoza
136. albayalde
137. albéitar
138. albenda
139. albengala
140. alberca
141. albérchigo
142. albihar
143. albitana
144. alboaire
145. albogue
146. alboheza
147. albohol
148. albollón
149. albóndiga: meatball; ball. From Arabic al-bunduqa "the ball."
150. albórbola
151. alborga
152. albornía
153. albornoz: Bath-robe
154. alboronía
155. alboroque
156. alborozo
157. albotín
158. albricias
159. albudeca
160. albufera
161. albur
162. alcabala
163. alcabor
164. alcabtea
165. alcacel
166. alcachofa: Artichoke.
167. alcaduz
168. alcafar
169. alcahaz
170. alcahuete
171. alcaicería
172. alcaide:
173. alcalde: Mayor.
174. álcali: alkali. From Arabic qalawi of the same meaning.
175. alcaller
176. alcamiz
177. alcamonías
178. alcana
179. alcaná
180. alcancía
181. alcándara
182. alcandía
183. alcandora
184. alcanería
185. alcanfor
186. 'alcántara/alcantarilla: drain; sewer. From Arabic al-qantarah.
187. alcaparra
188. alcaraván
189. alcaravea
190. alcarceña
191. alcarraza
192. alcarria
193. alcatanes
194. alcatara (or alquitara)
195. alcatifa
196. alcatraz
197. alcaucil, artichoke. From Spanish Arabic: alqabsíl[a], that comes from mozarab diminutive kapićéḻa, and this from Spanish Latin: capĭtia, head. (Standard latin, Caput-itis)
198. alcavela
199. alcazaba
200. alcázar: citadel; palace. From Arabic al-qasr "the citadel."
201. alcazuz (or orozuz)
202. alcoba: alcove. From Arabic al-qubba "the vault" or "the arch."
203. alcohela
204. alcohol: from Arabic al-kuhul fine powder of antimony used as eye makeup.
205. alcoholar
206. alcolla
207. alcor
208. alcora
209. alcorcí
210. alcorque
211. alcorza
212. alcotán
213. alcotana
214. alcrebite
215. alcuacil
216. alcubilla
217. alcuña
218. alcuza
219. alcuzcuz
220. alchub
221. aldaba
222. aldea/aldeano: Village/Villager.
223. aldiza
224. alefriz
225. aleja
226. alejija
227. alema
228. alerce
229. aletría
230. aleve/alevoso/alevosía
231. aleya
232. alfaba
233. alfábega
234. alfadía
235. alfaguara
236. alfahar/alfaharería
237. alfaida
238. alfajeme
239. alfajor: Sweet almond shortbread. From Spanish Arabic fašúr, and this from Persian afšor (juice).
240. alfalfa: alfalfa. From Arabic al-fafaa literally "the best kind of fodder"
241. alfaneque (two meanings, a type of bird, from Arabic al-fanak and a tent from Berber afarag)
242. alfanje
243. alfaque
244. alfaqueque
245. alfaquí
246. alfaquín
247. alfaraz
248. alfarda (two meanings from al-farda and from al-fardda)
249. alfardón
250. alfareme
251. alfarje
252. alfarrazar
253. alfaya
254. alfayate
255. alfazaque
256. alféizar
257. alfeñique
258. alferecía
259. alferez
260. alferraz
261. alferza
262. alficoz
263. alfil: bishop, in chess. From Arabic al-feel "the elephant."
264. alfilel/alfiler
265. alfinge
266. alfitete
267. alfiz
268. alfolí
269. alfombra (two meanings from al-jumra and al-humra)
270. alfóndega
271. alforfón
272. alforja
273. alforre
274. alforrocho
275. alforza
276. alfóstigo
277. alfoz
278. algaba
279. algaida
280. algalia
281. algar
282. algara
283. algarabía: incomprehensible talk; gabble; gibberish. From Arabic al-garabiya.
284. algarivo
285. algarrada
286. algarrobo: carob. From Arabic al-kharouba "the carob."
287. algavaro
288. algazafán
289. algazara
290. algazul
291. álgebra: algebra. From the name of al-Khwarizmi' book [[Hisab al-jabr w’al-muqabala]] "The Calculus of Subtraction and Equality."
292. algecireño
293. algodón
294. algorfa
295. algoritmo, algorithm, that comes from the name of [[Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi]], محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي, famous mathematician.
296. algorza
297. alguacil
298. alguaquida
299. alguaza
300. alhadida
301. alhaite
302. alhaja: jewel. From Arabic al-hagah "the valuable thing."
303. alhamar
304. alhamel
305. alhamí
306. alhandal
307. alhanía
308. alhaquín
309. alharaca
310. alhavara
311. alhelí
312. alheña
313. alholva
314. alhorí
315. alhorre (two meanings from al-khur and al-hurr)
316. alhorría (or ahorría)
317. alhucema
318. alhuceña
319. alhurreca
320. aliacán
321. aliara
322. alicante
323. alicatar
324. alicate
325. alidada
326. alifa
327. alifafe (two meanings from an-nafakh and al-lifah)
328. alifara
329. alijar
330. alimara
331. alioj
332. alizace
333. alizar
334. aljaba
335. aljabibe
336. aljama
337. aljamía/aljamiado: Medieval Romance Spanish or Mozarabic written in Arabic script.
338. aljaraz
339. aljarfa
340. aljébana
341. aljerife
342. aljez
343. aljibe
344. aljófar/aljofarar
345. aljofifa
346. aljor (or aljez)
347. aljuba
348. aljuma
349. añagaza
350. almacabra
351. almacén: deposit. From Arabic al-majzanof makhzan "the storage" or "the depot."
352. almacería
353. almáciga
354. almadén
355. almádena
356. almadía
357. almadraba: Tuna fishing. Word used primarily in Andalusia and particularly in Cadiz province.
358. almadraque
359. almagazén
360. almagra
361. almahala
362. almaizar
363. almaja
364. almajaneque
365. almajar
366. almajara
367. almalafa
368. almanaque: almanac. From Arabic al-manakh "the climate." Or possibly from Greek almenichiakon "calendar."
369. almacebe
370. almarada
371. almarbate
372. almarcha
373. almarjo
374. almarrá
375. almarraja or almarraza
376. almártaga (two meanings, from al-marta'a and al martak)
377. almástica
378. almatroque
379. almazara
380. almazarrón
381. almea (two meanings, from almay'a and 'alima)
382. almejía
383. almenara (two meanings, from al-manara and al-minhara)
384. almez
385. almíbar
386. almicantarat
387. almijar
388. almijara
389. almijarra
390. almimbar
391. alminar
392. almiraj/almiraje/almiral
393. almirez
394. almizate
395. almizcle/almizque
396. almocadén
397. almocafre
398. almocárabe
399. almoceda
400. almocrebe
401. almocrí
402. almodón
403. almófar
404. almofariz
405. almofía
406. almofrej/almofrez
407. almogama
408. almogávar
409. almohada: Pillow.
410. almohade
411. almoharrefa
412. almohaza
413. almojábana
414. almojama (see mojama)
415. almojarife
416. almojaya
417. almona
418. almoneda
419. almoraduj/almoradux
420. almorávide:
421. almorí
422. almotacén
423. almotalafe
424. almotazaf/almotazán
425. almozala/almozalla
426. almud
427. almuédano
428. almunia
429. alpechín
430. alquería: farmhouse. From Arabic al-qaria "the village."
431. aloque
432. aloquín
433. alpargata
434. alquequenje
435. alquería
436. alquermes
437. alquerque (Two meanings from al-qirq and al-qariq)
438. alquez
439. alquezar
440. alquibla
441. alquicel
442. alquiler: Rent.
443. alquimia
444. alquinal
445. alquitira
446. alquitrán
447. alrota
448. altabaca
449. altamía
450. altramuz
451. alubia
452. aludel
453. aluquete/luquete
454. alloza
455. amán
456. ámbar
457. ámel
458. amín
459. amirí
460. anacalo
461. anacora
462. anafaga
463. anafalla/anafaya
464. anafe
465. anaquel
466. andorra
467. andrajo
468. anea
469. anejir
470. anfión
471. anorza
472. anúteba
473. añacal
474. añacea/añacear
475. añafea
476. añafil
477. añagaza
478. añascar
479. añazme
480. añicos
481. añil (ultimately from Sanskrit nilah "dark blue")
482. arabí
483. arancel
484. arbellón/arbollón
485. archí
486. argadillo
487. argamandel
488. argamula
489. argán
490. argel
491. argolla
492. arguello/arguellarse
493. arije
494. arimez
495. arjorán
496. arnadí
497. arrabá
498. arrabal
499. arracada
500. arráez
501. arrayán
502. arrecife
503. arrejaque/arrejacar
504. arrelde
505. arrequife
506. arrequive
507. arriate
508. arricés
509. arroba
510. arrobda
511. arrocabe
512. arrope
513. arroz: Rice.
514. áscar/áscari
515. asequi
516. asesino: assassin. From Arabic hashshshin "someone who is addicted to hashish (marijuana)." Was originally use to refer to a groups of warriors who would smoke marijuana before going on to battle.
517. atabaca
518. atabal
519. atabe
520. atacar
521. atacir
522. atafarra/ataharre
523. atafea
524. atahona
525. atahorma
526. ataifor
527. ataire
528. atalaya
529. atalvina
530. atambor
531. atanor
532. atanquía
533. ataracea
534. atarazana
535. atarfe
536. atarjea
537. atarraga
538. atarraya
539. ataúd: Coffin.
540. ataujía
541. ataurique
542. atifle
543. atijara
544. atíncar
545. atoba
546. atocha
547. atracae
548. atoque
549. atríaca/atriaca
550. atún: Tuna.
551. atutía
552. auge: Surge/rise.
553. aulaga
554. avería
555. ayatolá
556. azabache
557. azabara
558. azacán
559. azacaya
560. azache
561. azafate/azafata
562. azafrán: saffron. From Arabic za'firan of the same meaning. Perhaps from safra "yellow."
563. azahar: White flower, especially from the orange tree. From Spanish Arabic azzahár, and this from Classic Arabic zahr, flowers
564. azalá
565. azamboa
566. azándar
567. azaque
568. azaquefa
569. azar: hazard; luck; chance; random. From Arabic al-zahr "the dice."
570. azarbe
571. azarcón
572. azarja
573. azarnefe
574. azarote
575. azófar
576. azofra/azofrar
577. azogue (two meanings: from az-za'uq and from as-suq)
578. azolvar
579. azor
580. azorafa
581. azote-smacking, beating, scourge
582. azotea-flat roof
583. azoya
584. azúcar: sugar. From Arabic sukkar of the same meaning.
585. azucarí
586. azucena
587. azuche
588. azud
589. azufaifa/azufaifo
590. azul: Blue.
591. azulaque (or zulaque)
592. azulejo
593. azúmbar
594. azumbre

Capital Zaragoza Official language(s) Spanish; Aragonese and Catalan also used Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th  47,719 km²  9. ... Capital Zaragoza Official language(s) Spanish; Aragonese and Catalan also used Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th  47,719 km²  9. ... Capital Pamplona (Basque: Iruña) Official language(s) Spanish; Basque co-official in the north of community. ... Albacete is a city in southeastern Spain, 173 miles southeast of Madrid, the capital of the province of Albacete in the autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha. ... Murcia () is a city and municipality on the river Segura in southeastern Spain and the capital of the Autonomous Community of the Region of Murcia. ... The Umayyad Dynasty (Arabic الأمويون / بنو أمية umawiyy; in Turkish, Emevi) was the first dynasty of caliphs of the Prophet Muhammad who were not closely related to Muhammad himself, though they were of the same Meccan tribe, the... Binomial name Sorbus domestica L. The Service Tree (Sorbus domestica) is sometimes known as the True Service Tree to distinguish it from the Wild Service Tree. ... A crystal of Alum Alum, in chemistry, is a term given to the crystallized double sulfates of the typical formula M+2SO4·M3+2(SO4)3·24H2O, where M+ is the sign of an alkali metal (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, or caesium), and M3+ denotes one of the trivalent metal... Albogues The albogue is a single-reed clarinet coming from Spain, especially from Madrid (gaita serrana), Asturias (turullu), Castile and Andalusia (gaita gastoreña). It is simillar to a hornpipe, like the Welsh pibgorn and the Basque alboka. ... Soviet postage stamp commemorating the 1200th anniversary of Muhammad al‑Khwarizmi in 1983. ... In mathematics, computing, linguistics and related disciplines, an algorithm is a procedure (a finite set of well-defined instructions) for accomplishing some task which, given an initial state, will terminate in a defined end-state. ...

B

1. babismo: Babism. From Arabic bab "door."
2. babucha-slipper
3. badal
4. badán
5. badana
6. badea
7. badén-dip in land or sidewalk or ford
8. badial
9. bagarino
10. bagre: a freshwater fish that has no scales and has a chin. From Arabic baghir or baghar.
11. baharí
12. baída
13. baja: pasha, Turkish officer or governor of high rank. From Arabic basha ultimately from Turkish pasha of the same meaning.
14. baladí
15. balaj/balaje
16. balate
17. balda (and baldío)
18. baldar
19. balde: from Arabic batil "false" or "useless."
20. bancal
21. baño
22. baraka
23. barbacana
24. barcino
25. bardaje
26. barragán
27. barrio-area or district
28. bata (either from Arabic batt of French ouate)
29. batán
30. batea
31. baurac
32. bayal
33. baza (either Arabic or Italian origin)
34. bazar-bazaar
35. belez
36. bellota: acorn, the fruit or seed of the oak tree. From Arabic balluta of the same meaning.
37. ben
38. benimerín
39. benjui
40. berberí
41. berberís
42. bereber
43. berenjena/berenjenal
44. bezaar/bezoar
45. bocací
46. bodoque/bodocal
47. bófeta
48. bórax
49. borní
50. boronía
51. botor
52. bulbul
53. burche
54. buz
55. buzaque

C

1. cabila: tribe of Berbers or Bedouins. From Arabic qabila "tribe."
2. cachera
3. cadí
4. cadira
5. café: coffee. From qahwa of the same meaning.
6. cáfila
7. cafiz (or cahiz)
8. cafre
9. caftán
10. cáid (same origin as alcaide)
11. caimacán
12. cala
13. calafate/calafatear
14. calahorra
15. calí (same root as álcali)
16. cálibo/calibre
17. cambuj
18. camocán
19. canana-cartridge belt
20. cáncana/cancanilla
21. cáncano
22. cande (in azúcar cande)
23. canfor
24. caraba
25. cárabe
26. cárabo: owl; dog. Taken from qaraab and kalb "dog," respectively.
27. caracoa
28. caramida
29. caramuzal
30. caravana
31. caravasar
32. carcajada/carcajear
33. carcax
34. carmen/carme: From Spanish Arabic kárm, and this from Classic Arabic karm, vine.
35. carmesí
36. carmín
37. carraca
38. carrafa
39. cártama/cártamo
40. catán
41. catifa
42. cazurro
43. cebiche
44. cebtí
45. ceca
46. cedoaria
47. cegatero
48. cegrí
49. ceje
50. celemí/celemín/celeminero
51. cenacho
52. cendolilla
53. cenefa
54. ceneque
55. cení
56. cenia
57. cenit
58. cequí
59. cerbatana
60. cero: zero. From sifr of the same meaning.
61. cetís
62. ceutí
63. chafariz
64. chafarote
65. chaleco
66. charrán
67. chifla
68. chiísmo
69. chilaba (from Moroccan Arabic)
70. chiquero
71. chirivía
72. chisme
73. chivo
74. choz
75. chupa
76. chuzo
77. cianí
78. cibica
79. cica
80. cicalar
81. cicatear
82. cicatero (cicatero has a different root to cicatear)
83. ciclán
84. ciclar
85. ciclatón
86. cid
87. cifaque
88. cifra/cifrar
89. címbara
90. cimboga
91. cimitarra
92. circón
93. citara
94. civeta/civeto
95. coba/cobista
96. cofa
97. coima
98. coime
99. colcótar
100. cora
101. Corán
102. corbacho
103. corma
104. cotonía
105. cubeba
106. cúrcuma
107. curdo
108. cuscuta
109. cuscús (or alcuzcuz/cuzcuz)

D

1. dado: die. From Classical Arabic a'dad "numbers."
2. daga-daggar
3. dahír
4. daifa
5. dante
6. darga (or adarga)-shield
7. dársena-dock/basin
8. daza
9. derviche
10. descafilar
11. destartalado
12. dey
13. dínar
14. dirham
15. diván-divan/couch
16. droga-drug
17. druso
18. dula/dular

E

1. edrisí
2. ejarbe
3. elche
4. elemí
5. embelecar/embeleco
6. emir (or amir)
7. encaramar
8. enchufar-to plug in/turn on
9. engarzar-to set/thread
10. enjalma
11. enjarje
12. enjeco
13. escabeche-pickle or marinade
14. escafilar (see descafilar)
15. escaque/escaquear
16. espinaca-spinach
17. exarico

F

1. faca
2. falagar
3. falca
4. falleba
5. faltriquera-pocket
6. falúa/faluca
7. fanega/hanega
8. fanfarrón
9. faranga (or haragán)
10. farda
11. fardacho
12. farfán
13. farnaca
14. farota
15. farruco
16. felús
17. fetua
18. fez
19. fideo
20. filelí
21. foceifiza
22. fondolí
23. fondac/fonda
24. foz
25. fulano : To refer to "any one" without naming, X of people. Arabic: Fulan.
26. fustal
27. fustete

G

1. gabán
2. gabela
3. gacel/gacela
4. gafetí
5. galacho
6. galanga
7. galbana
8. gálibo
9. galima
10. gandula/gandula
11. garama
12. garbino
13. gardacho
14. gárgol
15. garrafa
16. garrama
17. garroba
18. gilí
19. gomer
20. granadí
21. grisgrís
22. guadamací
23. guájara
24. guájete
25. guala
26. guarismo
27. guifa
28. guilla
29. gumía
30. gurapas

H, I

1. habiz
2. habús
3. hachís
4. hacino
5. hadruba
6. hafiz
7. hálara
8. hálara
9. hamudí
10. haragán
11. harambel
12. harbar
13. harén
14. harma
15. harón
16. Hasaní
17. hasta: Until. From Arabic hatta (same meaning).
18. hataca
19. hazaña
20. he (in "he aquí")
21. hégira
22. hobacho/hobacha
23. holgazán
24. holgar
25. hoque
26. horro/horra
27. imam
28. imela
29. islam

J, K

1. jabalí : Wild Boar. From Arabic jebeli: From the mountains. Perhaps originally from Khanzeer Jebelí: Mountain Pig.
2. jabalón
3. jabeca
4. jabeque
5. jabí : A type of apple and type of grape. From Andalusi Arabic sha‘bí, a type of apple.
6. jácara
7. jácena
8. jacerino
9. jadraque
10. jaez
11. jaguarzo
12. jaharí
13. jaharral
14. jaharrar
15. jaima
16. jaique
17. jalear
18. jalma (or enjalma)
19. jaloque
20. jametería
21. jámila
22. japuta
23. jaque
24. jaqueca: Migraine. From Arabic Shaqiqa, with same meaning.
25. jáquima
26. jara
27. jarabe
28. jaraíz
29. jarcha
30. jareta
31. jaricar
32. jarifo/jarifa
33. jarquía
34. jarra
35. jatib
36. jazarino/jazarina
37. jazmín
38. jebe
39. jeliz
40. jemesía
41. jeque
42. jerife: sheriff. From shereef of the same meaning.
43. jeta
44. jifa
45. jinete
46. jirafa: giraffe. From ziraffa of the same meaning.
47. jirel
48. jofaina
49. jofor
50. jorfe
51. joroba
52. jorro
53. juba/aljuba/jubón
54. jurdía
55. kermes

L

1. laca: resinous substance tapped from the Lacquer Tree. From Arabic lak, taken from Persian lak, ultimately from Sanskrit laksha literally meaning "one hundred thousand" referring to the large number of insects that gather and sap out all the resin from the trees.
2. lacre
3. lapislázuli: lapis lazuli, a deep blue mineral. From Arabic lazaward from Persian lagvard or lazward, ultimately from Sanskrit rajavarta literally meaning "ringlet of the king."
4. latón: brass. From Arabic latun from Turkish altin "gold."
5. laúd: lute. From Arabic al 'ud "the lute."
6. lebeche: Southeasterly wind on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. From Andalusi Arabic Labash.
7. lebení: a Moorish beverage prepared from soured milk. From Arabic labani "dairy."
8. leila: from Arabic layla "night."
9. lelilí: Shouts and noise made by moors when going into combat or when celebrating parties. From la illaha ilallah: There is no god but Allah; Ya leilí: Night of mine; ya 'ayouni: My eyes.
10. lima: lime. From Arabic limah of the same meaning.
11. limón: lemon. From laymoon, derived from the Chinese word limung.
12. loco: crazy. From Arabic lawqa "fool."

Binomial name Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Stokes) F. Barkley Lacquer Tree (Toxicodendron vernicifluum or Rhus verniciflua), also call Varnish Tree, Japanese lacquer Tree, Japanese Varnish Tree and Japanese Sumac, is a species of genus Rhus and Toxicodendron that grows in East Asia, in regions of China and Japan. ...

M

1. macabro
2. macsura
3. madraza
4. magacén
5. magarza/magarzuela
6. maglaca
7. maharon/maharona
8. maharrana/marrana/marrano
9. mahozmedín
10. maimón
11. majareta
12. majzén
13. mamarracho
14. mameluco
15. mamola
16. mandeísmo
17. mandil
18. maquila
19. marabú
20. maravedí
21. marcasita
22. marchamo
23. márfega
24. marfil
25. marfuz/a
26. margomar
27. marjal
28. marlota
29. marojo
30. maroma
31. marras
32. márraga
33. marroquí: (adj) Moroccan. From Morrocan Arabic Marrakush: Marrakesh.
34. masamuda: (adj) Individual from the Berber Masmuda tribe, from which originate the Almohades, a movement which ruled Spain and North Africa in the XII century. From Arabic: Masamuda.
35. matafalúa
36. mártaga
37. máscara
38. matarife
39. matraca
40. matula
41. mauraca
42. mazapán
43. mazarí
44. mazarrón
45. mazmodina
46. mazmorra
47. mazorca: corn cob; roll of wool or cotton. From Andalusi Arabic: Masurqa, derived from classical Arabic Masura: a tube used as a bobbin (sewing).
48. meca: Place which is attractive because of a particular activity. From Arabic Mekkah.
49. mechinal
50. mejala
51. mejunje
52. mengano/mengana
53. mequetrefe
54. mercal
55. metical
56. mezquino
57. mía: A military term, formerly designating a regular native unit composed of 100 men in the Spanish protectorate of northern Morocco; by analogy, any colonial army. From Arabic Mi'ah: one hundred.
58. mihrab:
59. miramamolín
60. moaxaja
61. mogataz
62. mogate
63. moharra
64. moharracho
65. mohatra
66. mohedal
67. mohino
68. mojí
69. momia
70. mona
71. monfí
72. morabito
73. moraga
74. morapio
75. mozárabe
76. mudéjar
77. muftí
78. mujalata
79. mulquía
80. muslim/muslime: (Adjective) Muslim. From Arabic Muslim.

N, O,P, Q

1. nabí
2. nacar
3. nácara
4. nadir: the point on the celestial sphere, opposite the zenith directly below the observer. From nadheer.
5. nádir
6. nagüela
7. naife
8. naipe
9. naranja: orange (fruit)
10. narguile
11. natrón
12. nazarí
13. nenúfar
14. nesga
15. noria
16. nuca
17. ojalá I hope that; I wish that. From insha'Allah "God willing."
18. ¡olé! The most famous expression of approval, support or encouragement, comes from wa-Allah و الله , by Allah!
19. omeya
20. oque
21. orozuz
22. ox
23. quermes
24. quilate/quirate
25. quilma
26. quina
27. quintal

By Allah (Arabic: Wallah) is Arabic expresion meaning [I promise] by God used to make a promise or express great credibility on a expresion. ...

R

1. rabadán
2. rabal
3. rabazuz
4. rabel
5. rábida
6. rafal
7. rafe
8. ragua
9. rahez
10. ramadán
11. rambla
12. rauda
13. rauta
14. real: Military encampment; plot where a fair is organized; (in Murcia region) small plot or garden. From Arabic rahl: camping.
15. rebato
16. rebite
17. recamar
18. recua
19. redoma
20. rehala
21. rehalí
22. rehén
23. rejalgar: realgar. From reheg al-ghar: "powder of the cave"
24. requive
25. resma
26. retama
27. rincón
28. robda
29. robo (or arroba)
30. romí/rumí
31. ronzal
32. roque

S

T

1. tabal (or atabal)
2. tabaque
3. tabefe
4. tabica
5. tabique
6. taca
7. tafurea
8. tagarino/tagarina
9. tagarnina
10. taha
11. tahalí
12. tahona
13. Taifa
14. tajea
15. talco
16. talega
17. talvina
18. támara
19. tamarindo
20. tambor
21. tara
22. taracea
23. taraje
24. tarasí
25. tarbea
26. tarea
27. tareco
28. tarida
29. tarifa
30. tarima
31. tarquín
32. tarraya
33. taza: cup. From Tasa.
34. tértil
35. tíbar
36. tochibí
37. tomín
38. toronja
39. toronjil
40. trafalmejas
41. truchimán/na
42. trujamán/na
43. tuera
44. tumbaga
45. Tunecí
46. turbit
47. turquí (in Azul Turquí)
48. tutía (or atutía)

V,X,Y

1. vaca: cow. from Arabic baqari "bovine."
2. vacarí: from Arabic baqari "bovine."
3. velmez: from Arabic malbas "clothing."
4. visir: vizier. From Arabic wazir "minister."

Z

1. zabalmedina: in the Middle Ages, judge with civil and criminal jurisdiction in a city. From Arabic Sahib al Medina "Chief of the City."
2. zabarcera: women who sells fruits and other food. Same origin as abacero
3. zabazala: imam who leads Islamic prayer. From Arabic SaHb aS-Salah "Leader of prayer."
4. zabazoque: same meaning as almotacén. From Arabic SáHb as súq "Leader of the Market."
5. zábila: aloe vera (used mainly in Latin America) From Andalusi Arabic sabíra, originally from classical Arabic Sibar.
6. zabra: type of vessel used in the Bay of Biscay in the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern Age. From Arabic zauraq.
7. zacatín: in some villages, a square where clothes are sold. From saqqatin, plural of saqqat: seller of clothes.
8. zafar: a number of meanings in Spain and Latin American countries: To free, to untie, to ignore, to unknit among others. From Arabic azaHa: to take away.
9. zafarí: Granada zafarí: a type of pomegranate. Higo zafarí: a type of fig. From Arabic Safr.
10. zafariche:
11. zafio
12. zafrán
13. zaga
14. zagal
15. zagaya (or azagaya)
16. zagua
17. zaguán
18. zagüía
19. zaharrón
20. zahén
21. zahón
22. zahora
23. zahorí
24. zaida
25. zaino
26. zala
27. zalamelé
28. zalea/zalear
29. zalema/zalama
30. zalmedina: Same meaning and origin as zabalmedina.
31. zalona
32. zamacuco
33. zambra
34. zanahoria: carrot, presumably from Andalusi Arabic. The only Arabic dialect with a cognate form is Tunisian with sfinaria.
35. zaque
36. zaquizamí
37. zaragüelles
38. zaranda/zarandillo
39. zaratán
40. zarco
41. zarracatín
42. zarzahán
43. zatara
44. zéjel
45. zoco (or azogue): market. From Arabic souk of the same meaning.
46. zofra
47. zorzal: fieldfare.
48. zubia
49. zulaque
50. zulla
51. zumaque: sumac. From Arabic simaq of the same meaning.
52. zumo: fruit juice
53. zuna
54. zurriaga

The Arabic language is a Semitic language with many varieties. ... Cognate (Latin: cognatus co+gnatus, ie. ...

Toponyms (place names) in Iberia of Arabic origin

There are hundreds if not thousands of place names derived from Arabic in the Iberian peninsula including provinces and regions, cities, towns, villages and even neighborhoods and streets. They also include geographical features such as mountains, mountain ranges, valleys and rivers. Toponyms derived from Arabic are common in all of Spain (including much of the North of the country) except for those regions which never came under Muslim rule or where it was particularly short-lived. These regions include Galicia and the Northern coast (Asturias, Cantabrian and the Basque country) as well as most of Catalonia. Regions where place names of Arabic origin are particularly common are the Eastern Coast and the region of Andalusia. In Portugal, the frequency of Arabic toponyms increase as one travels south in the country.

Those toponyms which maintained their pre-Islamic name during the Muslim period were generally Arabized and the mark of the old Arabic pronunciation is noticeable in their modern names: e.g. Cesarea Augusta - سرقسطة Saraqusţah - Zaragoza.

Major towns, cities and regions

• Axarquía Eastern region of Malaga province, From Arabic Ash-sharquía: The eastern/oriental (region).
• Andalucía Most populated and 2nd largest autonomous community in Spain. Derived from الأندلس, Al Andalus, the Arabic name for Muslim Iberia, which in turn derives its name from the Germanic tribe of the Vandals who settled there for a while during the Germanic population migrations during the 5th century A.D. The original Latin name was Baetica.
• Albacete city and province of Castilla la Mancha. Derived from Arabic Al Basit (the plain).
• Algarve Region of southern Portugal. From Arabic al gharb, the west.
• Algeciras City and port in Cadiz province. Derived from Al Jazeera Al Khadra meaning the green island.
• Almería City and province of Andalucía. From Al Meraya, the watchtower.
• Alpujarras (originally Alpuxarras) Region extending South of Granada into Almería. From Arabic Al-Busherat: The grasslands.
• Badajoz City and province of Extremadura. Badajoz was called Pax Augusta by the romans and most likely the current name is derived from an Arabic corruption of the original Latin name.
• Calatayud City and province of Aragón. Derived from Qal'at Ayyūb (Arabic قلعة أيوب) meaning "Castle of Ayyub".
• Guadalajara City and province of Castilla la Mancha. From Wādī al-Hijārah (Arabic وادي الحجارة), The Valley of Stones.
• Gibraltar British Colony in Southern Spain. From Jabal Ţāriq (جبل طارق), Mountain of Tariq, (Tariq ibn Ziyad).
• Jaén City and province of Andalucía From Arabic Jayyan, crossroads of caravans.
• Lisboa (Lisbon). Capital of Portugal. Derived from original Arabic name: al-'Ishbūnah in Arabic الأشبونة
• Madrid Capital of Spain. Derived from original Arabic name: al-MagrīT, المجريط: "Source of water". But many philologists derive it from a celtic word "Magerit".
• La Mancha Wide arid steppes covering much of Toledo, Ciudad Real, Cuenca and Albacete provinces. Derived from original Arabic name: al-Manxa : "Land without water".
• Medina Sidonia: Town and municipality in Cadiz province.
• Tarifa town in southern Spain. Originally Jazeera Tarif: the island of Tarif. Derived form the first name of the Berber conqueror Tarif ibn Malik.
• La Sagra, an arid region between Toledo and Madrid. Name derived from arabic Sahra صحراء "desert".

Axarquia is a region of Andalucía. ... Motto: Andalucía por sí, para España y la humanidad (Andalusia by herself, for Spain, and for humankind) Capital Seville Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 2nd  87,268 km²  17. ... Al-Andalus (Arabic: الأندلس) was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims from 711 to 1492. ... The Vandals traditional reputation: a colored steel engraving of the Sack of Rome (455) by Heinrich Leutemann (1824-1904), c 1860-80 Vandal and Vandali redirect here. ... Human migration denotes any movement of groups of people from one locality to another, rather than of individual wanderers. ... Albacete is a city in southeastern Spain, 173 miles southeast of Madrid, the capital of the province of Albacete in the autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha. ... Algarve NUTS II region, and the district of Faro in Portugal Vilamouras marina The Algarve (pron. ... Algeciras is a port city in the south of Spain, near the British colony/Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, slightly to the north from Tarifa, which is the southernmost town of the peninsular Spain and Europe (, ). Both cities are situated on the Strait of Gibraltar; Algeciras also faces the Mediterranean. ... Almería is the capital of the province of Almería in Spain. ... La Alpujarra (sometimes Las Alpujarras) is a mountainous district in Southern Spain, which stretches south from the Sierra Nevada mountains near Granada in the autonomous region of Andalusia. ... Badajoz (formerly Badajos), the capital of the Spanish province of Badajoz in the autonomous community of Extremadura, is situated close to the Portuguese frontier, on the left bank of the river Guadiana, and the Madrid-Lisbon railway. ... The tower of the Santa María church in mudéjar style. ... Arabic ( or just ), is the largest member of the family of Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew, Amharic, and Aramaic. ... Guadalajara province Guadalajara is a province of central Spain, in the northern part of the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha. ... Arabic ( or just ), is the largest member of the family of Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew, Amharic, and Aramaic. ... Tariq ibn Ziyad (d. ... Jaén is a city in south-central Spain, the capital of the province of Jaén in the autonomous community of Andalusia. ... Location    - Country Portugal    - Region Lisbon  - Subregion Grande Lisboa  - District or A.R. Lisbon Mayor Carmona Rodrigues  - Party PSD Area 84. ... Location Coordinates : 40° 23’N , 3°43′0″W Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Villa de Madrid (Spanish) Spanish name Villa de Madrid Founded 9th century Postal code 28001-28080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 91 (Villa de Madrid) Website http://www. ... Thanks to Miguel de Cervantes, La Mancha is famous for its windmills. ... Medina-Sidonia is a city and municipality in the province of Cádiz in the autonomous community of Andalusia in southern Spain. ... This article is about the Spanish city. ... Flag Seal Location Location of Tarifa Government Municipality Cádiz Mayor Miguel Manella Guerrero Geographical characteristics Area     City 419 km²     Land   419 km²     Water   0. ... Tarif ibn Malluk was a Berber commander under Musa ibn Nusair, the Muslim conqueror of North Africa. ...

Geographical features

• Guadiana river. Meaning "Anna river".
• Guadalquivir river. Derived from Arabic: al-wādĩ al-kabir الوادي الكبير, "the big river".
• Mulhacén. Highest mountain in peninsular Spain. Named after 15th century Arabian Sultan of Granada Abu al-Hasan Ali Muley Hacén.
• Pico Almanzor. Mountain in the Gredos Mountains of Central Spain. Named after "Almanzor" Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir, defacto ruler of Al Andalus in late 10th - early 11th centuries.

Guadiana (Latin Anas, Spanish Guadiana, Portuguese Guadiana) - one of the major rivers of Spain, part of it is the border with Portugal, ends in the Atlantic Ocean. ... The Guadalquivir is the second longest river in Spain (after the Tagus). ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... The Sierra de Gredos is a mountain range in the centre of the Iberian peninsula, located between Ávila, Cáceres, Madrid and Toledo. ... Abu Aamir Muhammad Ibn Abdullah Ibn Abi Aamir, Al-Hajib Al-Mansur أبو عامر محمد بن عبد الله بن أبي عامر الحاجب المنصور (c. ... Al-Andalus (Arabic: الأندلس) was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims from 711 to 1492. ...

See also

• List of Arabic loanwords in English
• List of French words of Arabic origin