?Arabidopsis
Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Brassicales Family: Brassicaceae Genus: Arabidopsis Heynh. in Holl & Heynh.
Species
See text. Download high resolution version (458x635, 39 KB)Arabidopsis thaliana Image from nl:Afbeelding:Zandraket. ... Binomial name Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae Chlorophyta Charophyta Land plants (embryophytes) Non-vascular plants (bryophytes) Marchantiophyta - liverworts Anthocerotophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses Vascular plants (tracheophytes) †Rhyniophyta - rhyniophytes †Zosterophyllophyta - zosterophylls Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses †Trimerophytophyta - trimerophytes Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongues Seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are the dominant and most familiar group of land plants. ... Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class: this name is formed by replacing the termination -aceae in the name Magnoliaceae by the termination -opsida (Art 16 of the ICBN). ... Families See text. ... Genera See text. ...

Arabidopsis (rockcress) is a genus in the family Brassicaceae. They are small flowering plants related to cabbage and mustard. This genus is of great interest since it contains Thale Cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), one of the model organisms used for studying plant biology and the first plant to have its entire genome sequenced. Changes in the plant are easily observed, making it a very useful model. Genera See text. ... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are the dominant and most familiar group of land plants. ... Coronary artery bypass surgery is sometimes pronounced Cabbage(s). See also Cabbage car. ... Species See text The mustards are several plant species in the genus Brassica whose proverbially tiny mustard seeds are used as a spice and, by grinding and mixing them with water, vinegar or other liquids, are turned into a condiment also known as mustard. ... Binomial name Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. ... Binomial name Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. ... A model organism is a species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms. ...

Reclassification

Currently the genus Arabidopsis has nine species and a further eight subspecies recognised. This delimitation is quite recent, and is based on morphological and molecular phylogenies by O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz (1997, 2003) and others.

Their findings confirm that the species formerly included in Arabidopsis were polyphyletic. The most recent reclassification moves two species previously placed in Cardaminopsis and Hylandra and three species of Arabis into Arabidopsis, but excludes 50 species that have been moved into the new genera Beringia, Crucihimalaya, Ianhedgea, Olimarabidopsis, and Pseudoarabidopsis. In biology, a taxon is polyphyletic if it is descended from more than one root form (in Greek poly = many and phyletic = racial). ... Species Arabis glabra, Tower Mustard Arabis is a genus of the mustard family that includes the Tower Mustard Categories: Brassicaceae | Plant stubs ...

All of the species in Arabidopsis are indigenous to Europe, while two of the species have broad ranges also extending into North America and Asia. European redirects here. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ...

In the last two decades, A. thaliana has gained much interest from the scientific community as a model organism for research in plant systematics. In Europe, the model organism resource centre for Arabidopsis germplasm, bioinformatics and molecular biology resources (including GeneChips) is the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre – NASC. A model organism is a species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms. ... Germplasm is a term used to describe the genetic resources, or more precisely the DNA of an organism and collections of that material. ... Map of the human X chromosome (from the NCBI website). ... Molecular biology is the study of biology at a molecular level. ... Species See text. ... North American Spondylitis Consortium, or NASC is an NIH funded AS Family Genetic Project funded through the University of Texas Health Science Centre, Houston. ...

List of Species and Subspecies

• Arabidopsis arenosa (L.) Lawalrée,

A. arenosa subsp. arenosa

Distribution: Europe: native in Austria, Belarus, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, NE France, Germany, Hungary, N Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, and Yugoslavia; naturalized in Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Netherlands, Norway, Russia and W Siberia, and Sweden; absent in Albania, Greece, C and S Italy, and Turkey.

A. arenosa subsp. borbasii

Distribution: E Belgium, Czech Republic, NE France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Switzerland, Ukraine. Doubtfully occurring in Denmark.

• Arabidopsis cebennensis (D.C.)

Distribution: SE France.

• Arabidopsis croatica (Schott)

Distribution: Bosnia, Croatia.

• Arabidopsis halleri (L.)

A. halleri subsp. halleri

Distribution: Austria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, N and C Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, and S Ukraine. Probably introduced in N France and extinct in Belgium.

A. halleri subsp. ovirensis (Wulfen)

Distribution: Albania, Austria, NE Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, SW Ukraine, Yugoslavia.

A. halleri subsp. gemmifera (Matsumura)

Distribution: Russian Far East, northeastern China, Korea, Japan, and Taiwan.

• Arabidopsis lyrata (L.)

A. lyrata subsp. lyrata

Distribution: NE European Russia, Alaska, Canada (Ontario west into British Columbia), and southeastern and central United States (Vermont south into northern Georgia and Mississippi northward into Missouri and Minnesota).

A. lyrata subsp. petraea (Linnaeus)

Distribution: Austria, Czech Republic, England, Germany, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, N. Italy, Norway, Russia (NW Russia, Siberia and Far East), Scotland, Sweden, Ukraine, boreal North America (Alaska and Yukon). Apparently extinct in Poland.

A. lyrata subsp. kamchatica (Fischer ex D.C.)

Distribution: boreal Alaska, Canada (Yukon, Mackenzie District, British Columbia, northern Saskatchewan), Aleutian Islands, eastern Siberia, the Russian Far East, Korea, northern China, Japan, and Taiwan.

• Arabidopsis neglecta (Schultes)

Distribution: Carpathian Mountains (Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and adjacent Ukraine).

• Arabidopsis pedemontana (Boiss.)

Distribution: northwestern Italy and, presumably extinct, in adjacent SW Switzerland.

• Arabidopsis suecica (Fries) Norrlin, Meddel.

Distribution: Fennoscandinavia and the Baltic region.

• Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.

Distribution: native range almost all Europe to central Asia, now naturalized worldwide.

Binomial name Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. ...

Cytogenetics

Cytogenetic analysis has shown that the haploid chromosome number is variable and can be n = 5, 8, 13, and 16. A metaphase cell positive for the bcr/abl rearrangement using FISH Cytogenetics is the study of the structure of chromosome material. ... Haploid (meaning simple in Greek) cells have only one copy of each chromosome. ... Figure 1: Chromosome. ...

A. thaliana is n=5 and the DNA sequencing of this species was completed in 2001.

A. suecica is n=13 and is an amphidiploid species originated through hybridization between A. thaliana and diploid A. arenosa. Polyploidy refers to cells or organisms that contain more than two copies of each of their chromosomes. ...

A. neglecta is n=8 as are the various subspecies of A. halleri.

Various subspecies of A. lyrata and A. arenosa can be either n=8 (diploid) or n=16 (tetraploid).

As of 2005, A. cebennensis, A. croatica and A. pedemontana have not been investigated cytologically.

Reclassified Species

The following species previously placed in Arabidopsis are not currently considered part of the genus.

• A. bactriana =
• A. brevicaulis = Crucihimalaya himalaica
• A. bursifolia = Beringia bursifolia
• A. campestris = Crucihimalaya wallichii
• A. dentata = Murbeckiella pinnatifida
• A. drassiana =
• A. erysimoides = Erysimum hedgeanum
• A. eseptata = Olimarabidopsis umbrosa
• A. gamosepala = Neotorularia gamosepala
• A. glauca = Thellungiella salsuginea
• A. griffithiana = Olimarabidopsis pumila
• A. himalaica = Crucihimalaya himalaica
• A. huetii = Murbeckiella huetii
• A. kneuckeri = Crucihimalaya kneuckeri
• A. korshinskyi = Olimarabidopsis cabulica
• A. lasiocarpa = Crucihimalaya lasiocarpa
• A. minutiflora = Ianhedgea minutiflora
• A. mollis = Beringia bursifolia
• A. mollissima = Crucihimalaya mollissima
• A. monachorum = Crucihimalaya lasiocarpa
• A. mongolica = Crucihimalaya mongolica
• A. multicaulis = Arabis tibetica
• A. novae-anglicae = Neotorularia humilis
• A. nuda = Drabopsis nuda
• A. ovczinnikovii = Crucihimalaya mollissima
• A. parvula = Thellungiella parvula
• A. pinnatifida = Murbeckiella pinnatifida
• A. pumila = Olimarabidopsis pumila
• A. qiranica = Sisymbriopsis mollipila
• A. richardsonii = Neotorularia humilis
• A. russeliana = Crucihimalaya wallichii
• A. salsuginea = Thellungiella salsuginea
• A. sarbalica = Crucihimalaya wallichii
• A. schimperi = Robeschia schimperi
• A. stenocarpa = Beringia bursifolia
• A. stewartiana = Olimarabidopsis pumila
• A. stricta = Crucihimalaya stricta
• A. taraxacifolia = Crucihimalaya wallichii
• A. tenuisiliqua = Arabis tenuisiliqua
• A. tibetica = Crucihimalaya himalaica
• A. tibetica = Arabis tibetica
• A. toxophylla = Pseudoarabidopsis toxophylla
• A. trichocarpa = Neotorularia humilis
• A. trichopoda = Beringia bursifolia
• A. tschuktschorum = Beringia bursifolia
• A. tuemurnica = Neotorularia humilis
• A. verna = Drabopsis nuda
• A. virgata = Beringia bursifolia
• A. wallichii = Crucihimalaya wallichii
• A. yadungensis =

Sources

• O'Kane Jr, S. L., & Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (1997). A synopsis of Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae): Novon 7: 323–327.
• Al-Shehbaz, I. A., O'Kane, Steve L. (2002). Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae). The Arabidopsis Book: 1-22. online version.
• O'Kane Jr, S. L., & Al-Shehbaz, I. A. (2003). Phylogenetic position and generic limits of Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae) based on sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 90 (4): 603-612