NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Arabistan

Khuzestan is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. It is in the south-west of the country, bordering Iraq and the Persian Gulf. Its center is Ahvaz and covers an area of 63,238 sq. km. Other major cities include Behbahan, Abadan, Andimeshk, Khorramshahr, Bandar Imam, Dezful, Shushtar, Omidiyeh, Izeh, Baq-e-Malek, Mah Shahr, Dasht-e-Azadegan, Ramhormoz, Shadegan, Susa, Masjed Soleiman, Minoo Island and Hoveizeh. Image File history File links province of Iran File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Picture of the dome of Emamzadeh Hamzeh. ... Image File history File links Picture of the dome of Emamzadeh Hamzeh. ... Daniel (×“Ö¼Ö¸× Ö´×™Ö¼Öµ××œ, Standard Hebrew Daniyyel, Tiberian Hebrew DÄniyyÃªl) is the name of two people from the Bible. ... Iran consists of 30 provinces: Provinces are governed from a local center, mostly the largest local city. ... Map of the Persian Gulf. ... Map of Iran and surrounding lands, showing location of Ahvaz The township of Ahvaz (Persian: Ø§Ù‡ÙˆØ§Ø² AhvÃ¢z), is built on the banks of the Karun River in the middle of the Iranian province of Khuzestan. ... Behbahan is a city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Abadan (آبادان in Persian) is a city in the Khuzestan Province of southwestern Iran. ... Andimeshk is a city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Iran geography stubs | Cities in Iran ... Bandar Imam Khomeini (Persian بندرامام خمینی) is a port city on the Persian Gulf in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Dezfoul is a city in Khuzestan in Iran. ... Shûshtar is an ancient fortress city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Omidiyeh is a city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Izeh is an ancient city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Baq-e Malek is a city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Mah Shahr is an ancient city and port in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Dasht-e Azadegan is a city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Ramhormoz is an ancient city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Shadegan is an ancient city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... See Susa, Italy for the city in Piemont. ... Masjed Soleyman (also Masjid Soleiman and Masjid-al-Salaman) (مسجد سلیمان in Persian) is a town in the southwestern province of Khuzestan, Iran. ... Minoo Island is an Iranian island and city in the Persian Gulf. ... Hoveizeh (alternative name: Huzgan) is a city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran near the border with Iraq. ...

Historically Khuzestan is what historians refer to as ancient Elam, whose capital was in Susa, and in previous ages, Iranians referred to this province as Elam. The Old Persian term for Elam was Hujiyā, which is present in the modern name. Khuzestan is the most ancient Iranian province and is often referred to in Iran as the "birthplace of the nation," as this is the area where Aryan tribes first settled, assimilating the native Elamite population, and thus laying the foundation for the future empires of Persia, Media, and Parthia. The name Elam means highland, and may refer to: An ancient nation, the Elamite Empire. ... See Susa, Italy for the city in Piemont. ... The name Elam means highland, and may refer to: An ancient nation, the Elamite Empire. ... The name Elam means highland, and may refer to: An ancient nation, the Elamite Empire. ... Aryan is an English word derived from the Indian Vedic Sanskrit and Iranian Avestan terms ari-, arya-, Ärya-, and/or the extended form aryÄna-. The Old Persian ariya- is a cognate as well. ... Persia and Persian can refer to: the Western name for Iran. ... Parthian Empire at its greatest extent, c60 BC. The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Parthia was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the East and...

Khuzestan is also where Jondishapour was located. The Academy of Gundishapur (also Jondishapoor, Jondishapur, and Jondishapour, Gondeshapur etc. ...

Khuzestan has 18 representatives in Iran's parliament, The Majles, and 6 representatives in the Assembly of Experts. مجلس شورای اسلامی - The Majles; Irans Parliament. ... The Assembly of Experts of Iran (مجلس خبرگان in Persian), is a congress-like body for selecting the Supreme Leader and supervising his activities. ...

Geography and Climate

According to the 1996 census, the province had an estimated population of 3.7 million people, of which approximately 62.5% were in the urban centres, 36.5% were rural dwellers and the remaining 1% were non-residents. 1996 is a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...

The province of Khuzestan can be basically divided into two regions, i.e. the plains and mountainous regions. The former being in the south and west of the province. This area is irrigated by the Karun, Karkheh and Jarahi rivers. The mountainous regions are situated to the north and east of the province, and are considered to be a part of southern regions of the Zagros mountain ranges. The Karun river as it flows into Ahvaz The Karun river is Irans longest, and only navigable river. ... The Zagros Mountains (In Persian:رشته‌کوه‌های زاگرس) make up Irans second largest mountain range. ...

With regard to natural conditions, Khuzestan has unrivaled potentials unmatched by any other province in the country. Large permanent rivers flow over the entire territory contributing to the fertility of the land. Karun, Iran's largest river, 850 kilometers long, flows into the Persian Gulf through this province.

The climate of Khuzestan is generally hot and humid, particularly in the south, while winters are much more pleasant and dry.

People and Culture

Khuzestan, unlike other provinces in Iran, is inhabited by a number of ethnic minorities and peoples. Autochthonous Persians in major cities, Arabic-speakers and Iranian Arab tribes, the Bakhtiari, Behbahani and Luri of the north, the Qashqai and Afshari tribes, the peoples of Dezful, Shushtar and the inhabitants of the coastal regions of the Persian Gulf all make up the population of the province of Khuzestan. There are no official ethnic statistics released by Iran's government. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (480x640, 169 KB)Photo taken by Zereshk. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (480x640, 169 KB)Photo taken by Zereshk. ... Entrance of the National Museum of Iran, the vault is built in the style of Persias Sassanid vaults The National Museum of Iran (in Persian: موزه ایران باستان Muze-ye Irân-e Bâstân) is an archeological and historical museum located in Tehran. ... Coin of Phraataces (obverse, with Nike on each side) and Musa (reverse). ... Coin of Phraates IV from the mint at Seleucia. ... Indigenous peoples are: Peoples living in an area prior to colonization by a state Peoples living in an area within a nation-state, prior to the formation of a nation-state, but who do not identify with the dominant nation. ... Arabic (Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© al-arabiyyah, or less formally arabi) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... The Arabs of Khuzestan are an Iranian people in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... This article is on the social structure. ... The Bakhtiari (or Bakhtiyari) are a people in southern Iran. ... Lurs can refer to: Ancient wind instruments, see Lur An Iranian ethnic group; see: Lorestan Lurs, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, a commune of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Qashqai (also spelled Ghashghai, Qashqay, Kashgai and Qashqai). ...

The Persian groups of western Khuzestan all speak distinct dialects unique to their areas. Many Khuzestanis are bilingual, speaking both Persian and Arabic. It is also not uncommon to find people able to speak a variety of indigenous dialects in addition to their own. Persia or Persian most often refer to: Persia The Persians, an ethnic group, also called Tajiks Persian language Persian (Pokémon) See also Iranian, Iranian peoples, Iranian languages and Aryan. ... The term bilingualism (from bi meaning two and lingua meaning language) can refer to rather different phenomena. ... Persian (ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ / Ù¾Ø§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ), (local name in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan: â€˜FÃ¢rsiâ€™), â€˜PÃ¢rsiâ€™ (older local name, but still used by some speakers), Tajik (a Central Asian dialect) or Dari (another local name in Tajikistan and Afghanistan), is a language spoken in Iran (Persia), Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, western Pakistan, Bahrain, and elsewhere. ... Arabic (Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ÙŠØ© al-arabiyyah, or less formally arabi) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ...

Khuzestani folk music is colorful and festive, and each native group has their own rich traditions and legacy in this area.

The people of Khuzestan are predominantly Shi'a, with small Sunni, Jewish, Christian, and Mandean minorities. Khuzestanis are also very well regarded for their hospitality and generosity. Shia Islam ( Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite or Shiite) is the second largest Islamic denomination; some 20-25% of all Muslims are said to follow a Shia tradition. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Judaism is the religious culture of the Jewish people. ... Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New Testament writings of his early followers. ...

Seafood is the most important part of Khuzestani cuisine, but many other dishes are also featured. A popular dish that is prepared with heavy spices, onions and cilantro is simply called soboor ("shad"), after its main ingredient, a species of fish found in southern Iranian waters. Other provincial specialties include qæliye-mæhi ("fish stew"), qæliye-meygu ("shrimp stew"), ashe-mohshala (a Khorramshahri breakfast soup), sær shir (an Andimeshki breakfast of heavy cream) and hælim (a Shushtari breakfast of wheatmeal with shredded lamb). Also see Persian cuisine. Seafood in Brussels, Belgium Seafood is any sea animal that is served as food or is suitable for eating. ... A cuisine (from French cuisine, meaning cooking; culinary art; kitchen; itself from Latin coquina, meaning the same; itself from the Latin verb coquere, meaning to cook) is a specific set of cooking traditions and practices, often associated with a place of origin. ... Species (Caspian shad) (Caspian anadromous shad) (Alewife) (American or Atlantic shad) (Persian Gulf shad) many others The shads or river herrings comprise the genus Alosa, fishes related to herring in the family Clupeidae. ... Groups Conodonta Hyperoartia Petromyzontidae (lampreys) Pteraspidomorphi (early jawless fish) Thelodonti Anaspida Cephalaspidomorphi (early jawless fish) Galeaspida Pituriaspida Osteostraci Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) Placodermi Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) Acanthodii Osteichthyes (bony fish) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfish) A fish is a poikilothermic (cold-blooded)* water-dwelling... Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Iran geography stubs | Cities in Iran ... Andimeshk is a city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Shûshtar is an ancient fortress city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Persian cuisine is the most widely-featured ethnic cuisine of Iran. ...

Many scientists, philosophers, and poets have come from Khuzestan, including Abu Nuwas, Abdollah ibn-Meymun Ahvazi, the astronomer Nowbækht-e Ahvazi and his sons; as well as Jorjis, the son of Bakhtshua Gondishapuri; Ibn Sakit, Da'bal-e Khazai, and many more. Abu Nuwas (750?–813?) was an early Arabic language poet, probably born at Ahwaz in Persia of Arab and Persian parents. ... Nobakht Ahvazi (also spelled Naubakht in many a literature) and his sons were Astronomers from Ahvaz in Persia. ... Bakhtshooa Gondishapoori (also spelled Bukhtishu in many a literature) were a family of Nestorian Christian Persian physicians from the 7th, 8th, and 9th centuries. ...

The origin of the name Khuzestan

Main article: Origin of the name Khuzestan Another map from the same author, Khuzestan is overlined in red. ...

The name Khuzestan, which means "The Land of the Khuzi," refers to the original inhabitants of this province, the Khuzi people.

The province, however, has also been called Arabistan at times, particularly after the Arab Muhammad ibn Falah, leader of the Msha'sha'iya, initiated a wave of attacks on Khuzestan in 1440 CE, leading to a gradual increase in the Arab population of Khuzestan. The Arabs (Arabic: Ø¹Ø±Ø¨ Ê»arab) are an originally Arabian ethnicity widespread in the Middle East and North Africa. ... Muhammad ibn Falah (b. ... The Mshaâ€™shaâ€™iya were an extremist Shia sect founded and led by Muhammad ibn Falah. ...

Reza Pahlavi, however, restored the original name of the province in 1923. Reza Shah Pahlavi His Imperial Majesty Reza Shah Pahlavi (Persian: Ø±Ø¶Ø§ Ù¾Ù‡Ù„ÙˆÛŒ), (March 16, 1877â€“July 26, 1944), also known as Reza Shah the Great, was Shah of Persia from 1925 until 1935 and Shah of Iran (as the country was renamed to Iran, the name which had been used by its... 1923 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...

History

Pre-Islamic History

The province of Khuzestan is one of the centres of ancient civilization, based around Susa. French archeologists such as Jaques De Morgan date the civilization here as far back as 8000 BCE when excavating areas such as Tal e Ali Kosh. The first large scale empire based here was that of the powerful 4th millennium BCE Elamites, a non-Semitic kingdom independent of Mesopotamia. Golden Rhyton from Irans Achaemenid period. ... An Elamite Man in Persepolis The ancient Elamite Empire (تمدن عیلام in Persian) lay to the east of Sumer and Akkad, in what is now southwestern Iran. ... The Medes were an Iranian people of Indo-Iranian origin who lived in the western and north-western portion of present-day Iran. ... Achaemenid empire in its greatest extent The Achaemenid Dynasty (Hakamanishiya in the Avestan language, Ù‡Ø®Ø§Ù…Ù†Ø´ÛŒ - transliterated Hakamanshee in Modern Persian) was an iranian dynasty in the ancient Persian Empire, including Cyrus the Great, Darius the Great and Xerxes I. At the height of their power, the Achaemenid rulers of Persia ruled... The Seleucid Empire was one of several political states founded after the death of Alexander the Great, whose generals squabbled over the division of Alexanders empire. ... Parthian Empire at its greatest extent, c60 BC. The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE. Parthia was the arch-enemy of the Roman Empire in the East and... Sassanid Empire at its greatest extent The Sassanid dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia, which includes much of present-day Iran, during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year... Tomb of Ghaboos ebne Voshmgir, built in 1007AD, rises 160 ft from its base. ... The Samanid dynasty (819-999) was a Persian dynasty in Central Asia, named after its founder Saman Khuda. ... The Buwayhids were a Shiite Muslim tribal confederation from the southern shore of the Caspian Sea. ... The Ghaznavid Empire was a state in the region of todays Afghanistan that existed from 963 to 1187. ... The Seljuk Turks (Turkish: SelÃ§uk; Arabic: Ø³Ù„Ø¬ÙˆÙ‚ SaljÅ«q, Ø§Ù„Ø³Ù„Ø§Ø¬Ù‚Ø© al-SalÄjiqa; Persian: Ø³Ù„Ø¬ÙˆÙ‚ÙŠØ§Ù† SaljÅ«qiyÄn; also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq) were a major branch of the Oghuz Turks and a dynasty that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries. ... The Khwarezmid Empire (also known as the Khwarezmian Empire) was a Muslim state formed by Oghuz Turks in the 11th century in Khwarezmia that lasted until the Mongol invasion in 1220. ... The Ilkhanate (also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate) was one of the four divisions within the Mongol Empire. ... The Muzaffarids were a Sunni Arab family that came to power in Iran following the breakup of the Ilkhanate in the 14th century. ... Timurids Map The Timurids were a mixed Turkic-Mongol and Persian dynasty of Iran established by the Mongol Timur (Tamerlane). ... The Safavid Empire at its 1512 borders. ... Tomb of Nader Shah Afshar, a popular tourist attraction in Mashad. ... Vakeel mosque, Shiraz. ... Mullahs in the court of a Safavid monarch, Iran. ... The Pahlavi dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Iran from 1925 to 1979, from which two Shahs were drawn. ... Protestors take to the street in support of Ayatollah Khomeini. ... Choghazanbil Ziggurat, Iran. ... Choghazanbil Ziggurat, Iran. ... Choghazanbil ziggurat, Iran Choghazanbil ziggurat, another view Choqazanbil (also Choghazanbil) is an ancient ziggurat located in Iran. ... An Elamite Man in Persepolis The ancient Elamite Empire (تمدن عیلام in Persian) lay to the east of Sumer and Akkad, in what is now southwestern Iran. ... Image File history File links Shush castle, Khuzestan provincce, Iran. ... Image File history File links Shush castle, Khuzestan provincce, Iran. ... LAcropole de Suse, Susa, Iran. ... See Susa, Italy for the city in Piemont. ... An Elamite Man in Persepolis The ancient Elamite Empire (تمدن عیلام in Persian) lay to the east of Sumer and Akkad, in what is now southwestern Iran. ... Semitic is an adjective referring to the peoples who have traditionally spoken Semitic languages or to things pertaining to them. ...

Archeological ruins verify the entire province of Khuzestan to be home to the Elamite civilization, "the earliest civilization of Persia" (according to A History of Persia, S. Percy Sykes, p38). As was stated in the preceding section, the name Khuzestan is derived from the Elamites (Ūvja according to The Cambridge History of Iran, 2, 259, ISBN 0521060351), a non-Semitic people unrelated to their northern neighbors in Mesopotamia. (see introduction of The Splendour of Iran, E. Booth-Clibborn, ISBN 1861540116) An Elamite Man in Persepolis The ancient Elamite Empire (تمدن عیلام in Persian) lay to the east of Sumer and Akkad, in what is now southwestern Iran. ...

In fact, in the words of Elton Daniel, the Elamites were "the founders of the first Iranian empire in the geographic sense." (The History of Iran, p26, ISBN 0313000301) Hence the central geopolitical significance of Khuzestan, the seat of Iran's first empire.

In 640 BCE, the Elamites were defeated by Ashurbanipal coming under the rule of the Assyrians who wrought destruction upon Susa and Chogha Zanbil. But in 538 BCE Cyrus the Great was able to re-conquer the Elamite lands. The city of Susa was then proclaimed as one of the Achaemenian capitals. Darius the Great then erected a grand palace known as Hadish there in 521 BCE. But this astonishing period of glory and splendour of the Achaemenian dynasty came to an end by the conquests of Alexander of Macedon. And after Alexander, the Seleucid dynasty ruled the area. Centuries: 8th century BC - 7th century BC - 6th century BC Decades: 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC - 640s BC - 630s BC 620s BC 610s BC 600s BC 590s BC Events and Trends Assyrian king Ashurbanipal founds library, which includes our earliest complete copy of the Epic... Assurbanipal in a relief from the north palace at Nineveh Ashurbanipal, or Assurbanipal, (reigned 668 - 627 BCE), the son of Esarhaddon and Naqia-Zakutu, was the last great king of ancient Assyria. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 580s BC - 570s BC - 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC Events and Trends 538 BC - Babylon occupied by Jews transported to Babylon are allowed to return to... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Seal of Darius I, showing the king hunting on his chariot, and the symbol of Ahuramazda Darius the Great (Old Persian ðŽðŽ ðŽ¼ðŽ¹ðŽºðŽ¢ð DÄrayawuÅ¡ - He Who Holds Firm the Good), was the son of Hystaspes and Persian Emperor from 521 to 485 BC. His name in Modern Persian is Ø¯Ø§Ø±ÛŒÙˆØ´ (DÃ¢ri... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 570s BC - 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC Events 529 BC - Cambyses II succeeds his father Cyrus as ruler of Persia. ... Bust of Alexander the Great in the British Museum. ... After the death of Alexander the Great in the afternoon of 11 June 323 BC, his empire was divided by his generals, the Diadochi(successors). ...

As the Seleucid dynasty weakened, Mehrdad I the Parthian (171-137 BCE), gained victory over the region. During the Sassanid dynasty this area thrived tremendously and flourished, and this dynasty was responsible for the many constructions that were erected in Ahvaz, Shushtar, and the north of Andimeshk. After the death of Alexander the Great in the afternoon of 11 June 323 BC, his empire was divided by his generals, the Diadochi(successors). ... Coin of Mithridates I from the mint at Seleucia. ... Sassanid Empire at its greatest extent The Sassanid dynasty (also Sassanian) was the name given to the kings of Persia during the era of the second Persian Empire, from 224 until 651, when the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III, lost a 14-year struggle to drive out the Umayyad Caliphate... Map of Iran and surrounding lands, showing location of Ahvaz The township of Ahvaz (Persian: Ø§Ù‡ÙˆØ§Ø² AhvÃ¢z), is built on the banks of the Karun River in the middle of the Iranian province of Khuzestan. ... Shûshtar is an ancient fortress city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Andimeshk is a city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ...

Over the centuries, Nestorian missionaries brought Christianity to the region, using the Aramaic language. From at least the 500s CE, the region was called "Beth Huzaye". As of 639 CE, the Nestorian seat was at Mahoze, the complex encompassing Seleucia and Ctesiphon; and the Nestorian Catholicos was Ishoyahb II of Gadala. The term Nestorianism is eponymous, even though the person who lent his name to it always denied the associated belief. ... The name Seleucia may denote any one of several cities in the Seleucid Empire. ... Taq-i-Kasra, Ctesiphon, today. ...

The Arab invasion of Khuzestan

The Arab invasion of Khuzestan took place in 639 CE under the command of Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari from Basra, who drove the Persian Hormozan out of Ahvaz. Susa fell in two days, so Hormozan fled to Shushtar. There his forces were besieged by Abu Musa for 18 months. Shushtar finally fell in 642 CE; the Khuzistan Chronicle records that a Qatari living in the city befriended a man in the army, and dug tunnels through the wall in return for a third of the spoil. The Basrans purged the Nestorians - the Exegete of the city and the Bishop of Hormizd, and all their students - but kept Hormozan alive. (Seeing Islam as Others Saw It, p184) Kneeling bull holding a spouted vessel, Proto-Elamite; 3100–2900 B.C. Iran. ... Kneeling bull holding a spouted vessel, Proto-Elamite; 3100–2900 B.C. Iran. ... Image File history File links The Dezful Congregation Mosque. ... Image File history File links The Dezful Congregation Mosque. ... Location of Basra Basra (also spelled BaÅŸrah or Basara; historically sometimes written Busra, Busrah, and the early form Bassorah; Arabic: , Al-Basrah) is the second largest city of Iraq with an estimated population of c. ... Map of Iran and surrounding lands, showing location of Ahvaz The township of Ahvaz (Persian: Ø§Ù‡ÙˆØ§Ø² AhvÃ¢z), is built on the banks of the Karun River in the middle of the Iranian province of Khuzestan. ... See Susa, Italy for the city in Piemont. ... Shûshtar is an ancient fortress city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ...

There followed the conquests of Jondishapoor and of many other districts along the Tigris. The battle of Nehavand finally secured Khuzestan for the Muslim armies. (Encyclopedia Iranica, p206) The Academy of Gundishapur (also Jondishapoor, Jondishapur, and Jondishapour, Gondeshapur etc. ... Encyclopædia Iranica is a project of Columbia Universitys Center for Iranian Studies to create a comprehensive and authoritiative English language encyclopedia about the history and culture of Iran and Persia. ...

The Arab settlements by military garrisons in southern Iran was soon followed by other types of colonization. Some Arab families, for example, took the opportunity to gain control of private estates. (Encyclopedia Iranica, p212). Like the rest of Iran, the Arab invasion thus brought Khuzestan under occupation of the Arabs of the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, until Ya'qub bin Laith as-Saffar, from eastern Iran, raised the flag of independence once more, and ultimately regained control over Khuzestan, among other parts of Iran, founding the short-lived Saffarid dynasty. From that point on, Iranian dynasties would continue to rule the region in succession as an important part of Iran. Encyclopædia Iranica is a project of Columbia Universitys Center for Iranian Studies to create a comprehensive and authoritiative English language encyclopedia about the history and culture of Iran and Persia. ... The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads. ... Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø¨Ù‘Ø§Ø³Ø¯ÙŠÙ† ) was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Muslim empire, that overthrew the Umayyid caliphs. ... Yaqub bin Laith as-Saffar (?-879?) was the founder of the Saffarid dynasty. ... The Saffarid dynasty of Persia ruled a short-lived empire centred on Seistan, a border district between modern-day Afghanistan and Iran, between AD 861-1003. ... Elamite Empire, 2700BC-660BC The Elamites were an Iranian people located in Susa, in what is now Khuzestan province. ...

In the latter part of the 16th century, the Bani Kaab, from Kuwait, settled in Khuzestan. (see J.R. Perry, "The Banu Ka'b: An Amphibious Brigand State in Khuzestan", Le Monde Iranien et L'Islam I, 1971, p133) And during the succeeding centuries, many more Arab tribes moved from southern Iraq to Khuzestan, and as a result, Khuzestan became "extensively Arabized". (Encyclopedia Iranica, p216). (15th century - 16th century - 17th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 16th century was that century which lasted from 1501 to 1600. ... The Bani Kaab are an Arab tribal group of Kuwaiti origin which settled in western Khuzestan, a province in southwestern Iran, during the 16th century CE. Categories: Ethnic group stubs | Arab groups ... Encyclopædia Iranica is a project of Columbia Universitys Center for Iranian Studies to create a comprehensive and authoritiative English language encyclopedia about the history and culture of Iran and Persia. ...

According to C.E. Bosworth in the Encyclopedia Iranica, under the Qajar dynasty "... the province was known, as in Safavid times, as Arabistan, and during the Qajar period was administratively a governor-generalate." The Qajar dynasty was the ruling family of Persia from 1796 to 1925. ... The Safavids were a long-lasting Turkic-speaking Iranian dynasty that ruled from 1501 to 1736 and first established Shiite Islam as Persias official religion. ...

In the mid 1800s Britain initiated a war with Iran in a failed attempt to conquer Khuzestan. Having lost, the British continued in their attempts to wrest control of the province by supporting a number of foreign Arab tribes that had invaded Iran. The last remnants of these tribes (ruled over by Sheikh Khaz'al, of Kuwaiti origin) were finally defeated in 1925 by Reza Shah. In the past eighty years, except during the Iran-Iraq war, the province of Khuzestan thrived and prospered and today accounts for one of the regions in Iran that holds an economic and defensive strategic position. 1800 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Sheikh Khazal Khan, of royal Kuwaiti lineage, was the self-appointed ruler of a virtually autonomous Arab region (which came to be known as the emirate of Arabistan or Al-Ahwaz under his reign) which he established in the Khuzestan province of Iran from 1897-1925. ... 1925 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Shah Reza Pahlavi Reza Pahlavi (Persian: رضا پهلوی), (March 16, 1877–July 26, 1944), called Reza Shah the Great after his death, was Shah of Persia (later Iran) from December 15, 1925 to September 16, 1941. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Iran-Iraq War The Iran-Iraq War, also called the First Persian Gulf War, or the Imposed War (Ø¬Ù†Ú¯ ØªØÙ…ÛŒÙ„ÛŒ) in Iran, was a war between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran lasting from September 1980 to August 1988. ...

The existence of prominent scientific and cultural centers such as Academy_of_Gundishapur which gathered distiguished medical scientists from Egypt, Greece, India, and Rome, shows the importance and prosperity of this region during ancient times. The Jondi-Shapur Medical School was founded by the order of Shapur I (241-271 CE). It was repaired and restored by Shapur II (a.k.a. Zol-Aktaf: "The Possessor of Shoulder Blades") and was completed and expanded during the reign of Anushirvan. The Academy of Gundishapur (also Jondishapoor, Jondishapur, and Jondishapour, Gondeshapur etc. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus â€“ SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Democratici di Sinistra) Area - City Proper 1290 kmÂ² Population - City (2004) - Metropolitan - Density (city proper) 2,546,807 almost 4,000,000 1... The Academy of Gundishapur (also Jondishapoor, Jondishapur, and Jondishapour, Gondeshapur etc. ... Shapur I, son of Ardashir I, was king of Persia from 241 to 272. ... Events Shapur I of Persia succeeds Ardashir I Births Deaths Ardashir I, first ruler of the Sassanids Categories: 241 ... Events Goths forced to withdraw across the Danube Roman Emperor Aurelian withdraws troops to the Danube frontier, abandoning Dacia. ... Shapur II the Great was king of Persia (309 - 379). ...

The Iran-Iraq war

Being on the border with Iraq, Khuzestan suffered the heaviest damage of all Iranian provinces during the Iran-Iraq war. Wikisource has original text related to this article: Iran-Iraq War The Iran-Iraq War, also called the First Persian Gulf War, or the Imposed War (Ø¬Ù†Ú¯ ØªØÙ…ÛŒÙ„ÛŒ) in Iran, was a war between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran lasting from September 1980 to August 1988. ...

What used to be Iran's largest refinery at Abadan was destroyed, never to fully recover. Many of the famous nakhlestans were annihilated, cities were destroyed, historical sites were demolished, and half the province went under the boots of Saddam's invading army. This created a mass exodus into provinces that did not have the logistical capability of taking in such a large number of refugees. Abadan (آبادان in Persian) is a city in the Khuzestan Province of southwestern Iran. ...

However, by 1982, Iranian forces managed to push Saddam's forces back into Iraq. The battle of "the Liberation of Khorramshahr" (one of Khuzestan's largest cities and the most important Iranian port prior to the war) was a turning point in the war, and is officially celebrated every year in Iran.

Struggle over the province

The first person to launch secessionist unrests in Khuzestan was Sheikh Khaz'al, who rose to power in 1897 and had originally been supported by the British colonialists. He was finally arrested in 1925 by Reza Shah and the area of Khuzestan he had dominated returned to the province. Image File history File links This is what Persians call nakhlestan. Most of these are in Khuzetsan. ... Image File history File links This is what Persians call nakhlestan. Most of these are in Khuzetsan. ... Sheikh Khazal Khan, of royal Kuwaiti lineage, was the self-appointed ruler of a virtually autonomous Arab region (which came to be known as the emirate of Arabistan or Al-Ahwaz under his reign) which he established in the Khuzestan province of Iran from 1897-1925. ... 1897 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1925 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Shah Reza Pahlavi Reza Pahlavi (Persian: رضا پهلوی), (March 16, 1877–July 26, 1944), called Reza Shah the Great after his death, was Shah of Persia (later Iran) from December 15, 1925 to September 16, 1941. ...

Domination of Khuzestan was also Saddam Hussein's primary strategic objective that launched the Iran-Iraq war, which forced thousands of Iranians to flee the province. REDIRECT Template:POV Saddam Hussein SaddÄm Hussein Ê»Abd al-MajÄ«d al-TikrÄ«t, spelled Husayn or Hussain; (Arabic ØµØ¯Ø§Ù… ØØ³ÙŠÙ† Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¬ÙŠØ¯ Ø§Ù„ØªÙƒØ±ÙŠØªÙŠ; born April 28, 1937 ) was the President of Iraq from 1979 until his removal by U.S.-led coalition forces during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ... Wikisource has original text related to this article: Iran-Iraq War The Iran-Iraq War, also called the First Persian Gulf War, or the Imposed War (Ø¬Ù†Ú¯ ØªØÙ…ÛŒÙ„ÛŒ) in Iran, was a war between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran lasting from September 1980 to August 1988. ...

The government of the Islamic Republic of Iran does not conduct any official ethnic census in Iran, thus it is difficult to determine the exact demographics. Beginning in the early nineties, many ethnic Persian Khuzestanis began returning to the province, a trend which continues to this day as the major urban centres are being rebuilt and restored. Restoration has been slow due to neglect by the regime of the Islamic Republic. The city of Khorramshahr was almost completely decimated as a result of Saddam's scorched earth policy. Fortunately, Iranian forces were able to prevent the Iraqis from attempting to spread the execution of this policy to other major urban centres. Bold textDemographics is a shorthand term for population characteristics. Demographics include age, income, mobility (in terms of travel time to work or number of vehicles available), educational attainment, home ownership, employment status, and even location. ... An Islamic republic is a state under a particular theocratic form of government advocated by some Muslim religious leaders in the Middle East and Africa. ... Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Iran geography stubs | Cities in Iran ... Scorched earth is a military tactic which involves destroying anything that might be useful to the enemy whilst advancing through or withdrawing from an area. ...

The Iranian Embassy Siege of 1980 was a terrorist siege of the Iranian Embassy in London initiated by Arab separatists, backed by Saddam Hussein-- Lies Lies and more Lies -. Initially it emerged the terrorists wanted autonomy for Khuzestan; later they demanded the release of 91 of their comrades held in Iranian jails. Arab separatists supported Saddam's forces in attacking both Persian and Arab Iranian soldiers and civilians, in what could be considered an attempt at an ethnic cleansing of the Iranian population, as the majority of the Arab Khuzestani population were loyal to Iran and fought alongside other Iranians against Saddam. After the withdrawal of Iraqi forces towards the end of the war, the remainder of these Arab separatists fled to Iraq, though Saddam continued to entertain the notion of a potential future invasion of Khuzestan for many years afterwards. The Iranian Embassy Siege of 1980 was a terrorist siege of the Iranian Embassy in London, United Kingdom. ... 1980 is a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... St. ... Political separatism is a movement to obtain sovereignty and split a territory or group of people (usually a people with a distinctive national consciousness) from one another (or one nation from another; a colony from the metropolis). ... REDIRECT Template:POV Saddam Hussein SaddÄm Hussein Ê»Abd al-MajÄ«d al-TikrÄ«t, spelled Husayn or Hussain; (Arabic ØµØ¯Ø§Ù… ØØ³ÙŠÙ† Ø¹Ø¨Ø¯ Ø§Ù„Ù…Ø¬ÙŠØ¯ Ø§Ù„ØªÙƒØ±ÙŠØªÙŠ; born April 28, 1937 ) was the President of Iraq from 1979 until his removal by U.S.-led coalition forces during the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ... The term ethnic cleansing refers to various policies of forcibly removing people of one ethnic group. ...

Economy

Khuzestan is the major oil-producing region of Iran, and as such is the wealthiest province in Iran, though it is claimed that this wealth does not benefit the average citizen. The government of Iran claims the province to rank third among Iran's provinces in GDP. source (in Persian) Image File history File links Download high resolution version (640x639, 383 KB)Karun-3 Dam, Khuzestan. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (640x639, 383 KB)Karun-3 Dam, Khuzestan. ...

Shipping

Karun river is the only river in Iran capable of sailing. The British, up until recent decades, after the discovery by Sir Henry Layard, transported their merchandise via Karun's waterways, passing through Ahvaz all the way up to Masjed Soleiman, the site of their first oil wells in the Naftoon oil field. Karun is capable of the sailing of fairly large ships as far up as Shushtar. The Karun river as it flows into Ahvaz The Karun river is Irans longest, and only navigable river. ... Masjed Soleyman (also Masjid Soleiman and Masjid-al-Salaman) (مسجد سلیمان in Persian) is a town in the southwestern province of Khuzestan, Iran. ... Shûshtar is an ancient fortress city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ...

Karkheh, Jarrahi, Arvand, Handian, Shavoor, Bahmanshir (Bahman-Ardeshir), Maroon-Alaa', Dez, and many other rivers and water sources in the form of Khurs, lagoons, ponds, and marshes demonstrate the vastness of water resourses in this region, and are the main reason for the variety of agricultural products developed in the area.

Agriculture

The abundance of water and fertility of soil have transformed this region into a rich and well-endowed land. The variety of agricultural products such as wheat, barley, oily seeds, rice, eucalyptus, medical herbs; the existence of many palm and citrus farms; having mountains suitable for raising olives, and of course sugar cane - from which Khuzestan takes its name - all show the great potential of this fertile plain. The abundance of water supplies, rivers, and dams, also have an influence on the fishery industries, which are prevalent in the area.

Industry

The Karun 3 and 4, and Karkheh Dam, as well as the petroleum reserves provide Iran with national sources of revenue and energy. The petrochemical and steel industries, pipe making, the power stations that feed the national electricity grid, the chemical plants, and the large refineries are some of Iran's major industrial facilities. Fulad e Ahvaz steel factory. ... Fulad e Ahvaz steel factory. ... The government of Iran is spending large amounts of money in Khuzestan province. ...

The province is also home to Yadavaran Field, a major oil field. Yadavaran Field is an oil field located in Khuzestan, Iran. ...

Universities

Attractions of Khuzestan

Iran's National Heritage Organization lists 140 sites of Historical and Cultural significance in Khuzestan, reflecting the fact that the province was once the seat of Iran's most ancient empire.

This image is copyrighted. ... -1... CE is common usage for Common Era, Current Era, or Christian Era (this year is 2005 CE). ... Tehran is a metropolis of 14 million situated at the foot of the towering Alborz range. ... Choghazanbil ziggurat, Iran Choghazanbil ziggurat, another view Choqazanbil (also Choghazanbil) is an ancient ziggurat located in Iran. ... An Elamite Man in Persepolis The ancient Elamite Empire (تمدن عیلام in Persian) lay to the east of Sumer and Akkad, in what is now southwestern Iran. ... A zigÂ·guÂ·rat (zÄg`É™-rÄƒt) is a temple tower of the ancient Mesopotamian valley and Persia, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding storeys. ... Inshushinak was one of the major gods of the Elamites and the protector deity of Susa. ... See Susa, Italy for the city in Piemont. ... Daniel (×“Ö¼Ö¸× Ö´×™Ö¼Öµ××œ, Standard Hebrew Daniyyel, Tiberian Hebrew DÄniyyÃªl) is the name of two people from the Bible. ... See Susa, Italy for the city in Piemont. ... Jerusalem (31Â°46â€² N 35Â°14â€² E; Hebrew: ×™Ö°×¨×•Ö¼×©×Ö¸×œÖ·×™Ö´× Yerushalayim; Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù‚Ø¯Ø³ al-Quds; see also names of Jerusalem) is an ancient Middle Eastern city of key importance to the religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. ... Yaqub bin Laith as-Saffar (?-879?) was the founder of the Saffarid dynasty. ... The Courtyard of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, one of the grandest architectural legacies of the Umayyads. ... Dezfoul is a city in Khuzestan in Iran. ... Shapur I, son of Ardashir I, was king of Persia from 241 to 272. ... A map by Istakhri from the text Al-aqalim. ... Andimeshk is a city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Muhammad ibn Ahmad Shamsuddin Al-Muqaddasi (or Al-Maqdisi) was a notable medieval Arab geographer, author of Ahsan at-Taqasim fi Ma`rifat il-Aqalim (The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions). ... Shûshtar is an ancient fortress city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ø¹Ø¨Ù‘Ø§Ø³Ø¯ÙŠÙ† ) was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Muslim empire, that overthrew the Umayyid caliphs. ... Izeh is an ancient city in the Khuzestan province in southwestern Iran. ... Ibn Battuta (1304-1377). ... A caravanserai (also spelt caravansarai, caravansary) or khan (the usual term in Arab countries) was a roadside inn where caravans could rest and recover from the days journey. ... Pont du Gard, France, a Roman era aqueduct circa 19 BC, it is one of Frances top tourist attractions at over 1. ... Entrance of the National Museum of Iran, the vault is built in the style of Persias Sassanid vaults The National Museum of Iran (in Persian: موزه ایران باستان Muze-ye Irân-e Bâstân) is an archeological and historical museum located in Tehran. ... Masjed Soleyman (also Masjid Soleiman and Masjid-al-Salaman) (مسجد سلیمان in Persian) is a town in the southwestern province of Khuzestan, Iran. ... The Bakhtiari (or Bakhtiyari) are a people in southern Iran. ... The entrepreneur William Knox DArcy (October 11, 1849 - May 1, 1917) was one of the main founders of the oil and petrochemical industry in Persia (Iran). ... Abadan (آبادان in Persian) is a city in the Khuzestan Province of southwestern Iran. ... Elijah (אֱלִיָּהוּ Whose/my God is the Lord, Standard Hebrew Eliyyáhu, Tiberian Hebrew ʾĔliyyāhû), also Elias (NT Greek Ἠλίας), is a prophet in the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament. ... Hebrews (syns. ... An Iwan is a large, vaulted chamber with a monumental arched opening on one side. ... Hermes bearing the infant Dionysus, by Praxiteles Hermēs (Greek: Έρμης: pile of marker stones), in Greek mythology, is the god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them, of shepherds and cowherds, of orators, literature and poets, of athletics, of weights and measures and invention and commerce in general... See Susa, Italy for the city in Piemont. ...

Contents

Geography and Climate

People and Culture

The origin of the name Khuzestan

History

Pre-Islamic History

The Arab invasion of Khuzestan

The Iran-Iraq war

Struggle over the province

Economy

Shipping

Agriculture

Industry

Universities

Attractions of Khuzestan

See also

External links

Contents

Geography and Climate GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

People and Culture

The origin of the name Khuzestan

History

Pre-Islamic History

The Arab invasion of Khuzestan

The Iran-Iraq war

Struggle over the province

Economy

Shipping

Agriculture

Industry

Universities

Attractions of Khuzestan

See also

External links

Geography and Climate