NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Aragonese empire

The Aragonese Empire was the regime of a large portion of what is now Spain, plus numerous Mediterranean possessions, for much of the later Middle Ages. The regime began in 1035, as the Kingdom of Aragon, ruling roughly the area still known as Aragon. From 1137, the Crown of Aragon also ruled Catalonia, and later, Valencia, the Balearic Islands, Sicily and Sardinia, and at least temporarily Roussillon, Provence, Naples and Athens, until 1479 when the marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon to Isabella I of Castile unified their kingdoms. The history of Spain is part of the history of Europe and of the present-day nations and states. ... Prehistoric Spain is a time period covering human development from the first hominids in Spain to the beginning of recorded history. ... Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra and Gibraltar) and to two provinces created there in the period of the Roman Republic: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. ... The Muslim Conquest of Iberia (711â€”718) commenced when the Moors (mostly Berbers with some Yemenis) invaded Visigothic Christian Iberia in the year 711 CE. Under their Berber leader, Tariq ibn-Ziyad, they landed at Gibraltar on April 30 and proceeded to bring most of the Iberian Peninsula under Islamic... Iberian territory under Muslim occupation in the years 1000, 1085, 1157 and 1248 // Invasion (710-756) 710 - The Berber General Tariq ibn Ziyad takes Tangier. ... After the disorders of the passage of the Vandals and Alans down the Mediterranean coast of Hispania from 409, the history of Medieval Spain begins with the Iberian kingdom of the Arian Visigoths (507 – 711), who were converted to Catholicism with their king Reccared in 587. ... For other uses, see Reconquista (Disambiguation). ... History of Spain series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Muslim Conquest of Iberia Timeline of Muslim Occupation Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History... History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History The Age of Enlightenment came to... History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History Spain in the mid-nineteenth century... Flag of the Spanish First Republic The First Spanish Republic lasted only two years, between 1873 and 1874. ... History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History The Restoration was the name given... History of Spain series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Muslim Conquest of Iberia Timeline of Muslim Occupation Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History... History of Spain series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Muslim Conquest of Iberia Timeline of Muslim Occupation Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History... History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History The Spanish Civil War officially ended... History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History Modern Spain begins after the death... The Economic history of Spain covers the development of the Spanish economy over the course of history. ... History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History The military history of Spain includes... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Events Harthacanute becomes king of Denmark. ... Capital Zaragoza Area – Total – % of Spain Ranked 4th 47 719 km² 9,4% Population – Total (2003) – % of Spain – Density Ranked 11th 1 217 514 2,9% 25,51/km² Demonym – English – Spanish Aragonese aragonés Statute of Autonomy August 16, 1982 ISO 3166-2 AR Parliamentary representation – Congress seats – Senate seats... Capital Zaragoza Area â€“ Total â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th 47 719 kmÂ² 9,4% Population â€“ Total (2003) â€“ % of Spain â€“ Density Ranked 11th 1 217 514 2,9% 25,51/kmÂ² Demonym â€“ English â€“ Spanish Aragonese aragonÃ©s Statute of Autonomy August 16, 1982 ISO 3166-2 AR Parliamentary representation â€“ Congress seats â€“ Senate... Capital Barcelona Official languages Spanish and Catalan In Val dAran, also Aranese. ... Capital Valencia Official languages Valencian (Catalan) and Spanish (Castilian) Area – total – % of Spain Ranked 8th 23 255 km² 4,6% Population – Total (2003) – % of Spain – Density Ranked 4th 4 326 708 10,3% 186,05/km² Demonym – English – Valencian – Spanish Valencian valencià/valenciana valenciano/valenciana Statute of Autonomy July 10... Capital Palma de Mallorca Official languages Catalan and Castilian Area â€“ Total â€“ % of Spain Ranked 17th 4 992 kmÂ² 1,0% Population â€“ Total (2003) â€“ % of Spain â€“ Density Ranked 14th 916 968 2,2% 183,69/kmÂ² Demonym â€“ English â€“ Catalan â€“ Spanish Balearic balear balear Statute of Autonomy March 1, 1983 ISO 3166... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 sq. ... Sardinia (Sardigna, Sardinna or Sardinnia in the Sardinian language, Sardegna in Italian, Sardenya in Catalan), is the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (Sicily is the largest), between Italy, Spain and Tunisia, south of Corsica. ... Mount CanigÃ³ (2785m), a Catalan landmark Roussillon (Catalan RossellÃ³; Spanish RosellÃ³n) is one of the historical Catalan Countries corresponding roughly to the present-day southern French dÃ©partement of PyrÃ©nÃ©es-Orientales (Eastern Pyrenees). ... Provence is a former Roman province and is now a region of southeastern France, located on the Mediterranean Sea adjacent to Frances border with Italy. ... Location within Italy Naples (Italian Napoli, Neapolitan Napule, from Greek ÎÎÎ± Î ÏŒÎ»Î¹Ï‚ - NÃ©a PÃ³lis - meaning New City) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania Region. ... The Acropolis in central Athens, one of the most important landmarks in world history. ... Events January 20 - Ferdinand II ascends the throne of Aragon and rules together with his wife Isabella, queen of Castile over most of the Iberian peninsula. ... Ferdinand and his wife Isabella of Castile Ferdinand II (Fernando de AragÃ³n in Spanish and Ferran dAragÃ³ in Catalan), nicknamed the Catholic (March 10, 1452 â€“ June 23, 1516) was king of Aragon, Castile, Sicily, Naples, Valencia, Sardinia and Navarre and Count of Barcelona. ... Isabella of Castile (Spanish: Ysabel, Isabel or Isabela) (22 April 1451 - 26 November 1504) was queen of Castile. ...

During most of this time, the Crown of Aragon united two or even three separate kingdoms; the scope of this article is the empire that effectively resulted from that dynastic union, rather than with these kingdoms individually.

The real centre of this empire was Barcelona, since it was a seaport located near the geographical center of the Crown, and also one of the political centers of the Crown, with its Consell de Cent ruling according to the laws of Catalonia. Other important seaports were Valencia and Palma de Mallorca. Both Zaragoza and Valencia had more population than Barcelona until the 18th century (long after the Aragonese Empire had been absorbed into Spain), when the walls of Barcelona were taken down and the city outgrew all others in the territories of this former Crown. Barcelona within BarcelonÃ¨s Population (2003) 1,582,738 Area 1004 Km2 Population density (2001) 15,764/Km2 Barcelona is the capital city of Catalonia, an autonomous community in northeastern Spain, and Spains second-largest city (after Madrid). ... The Consell de Cent (Catalan language for council of the hundred) was an institution of government in the city of Barcelona established in the XIII century. ... Valencia from space, June 1996 The Hemispheric at the Ciutat de les Arts i les CiÃ¨ncies by Santiago Calatrava, Valencia, Spain. ... Palma (Palma de Mallorca) is the major city and port in the island of Majorca and capital city of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands in Spain. ... Zaragozas location in Spain Zaragoza (frequently Saragossa in English; Latin Caesaraugusta) is the capital city of the autonomous region and former kingdom of AragÃ³n in Spain, and is located on the river Ebro, and its tributaries the Huerva and GÃ¡llego, near the centre of the region, in... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ...

Some present-day historians (and Catalan nationalists) may call the Crown the Catalan-Aragonese Confederation, since this reflects the composition of the state, but its most usual name was "Crown of Aragon". Barcelona was the center of what was in many ways a Mediterranean Empire, ruling the Mediterranean Sea and setting rules for the entire sea (for instance, in the Llibre del Consolat del Mar, a compilation of maritime law in Catalan). A thalassocracy is a Greek expression for a state whose realms are primarily marine - an empire at sea, such as the Phoenician network of merchant cities, in no genuine sense an empire, linked by the sealanes and scarecely penetrating the interior, even in the homeland of Tyre, Sidon and Carthage. ... Admiralty law (usually referred to as simply admiralty and also referred to as maritime law) is a distinct body of law which governs maritime questions and offenses. ...

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The countries that we now know as Spain and Portugal spent the Middle Ages after 722 in an intermittent struggle called the Reconquista. This struggle pitted the northern Christian kingdoms against the Islamic kingdoms of the South and among themselves. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Events 3 January - Kinich Ahkal Mo Naab III takes throne of Maya state of Palenque Battle of Covadonga: First victory of a Christian army over a Muslim army in Spain (probable date) War between Wessex and Sussex Births Deaths Empress Gemmei of Japan Categories: 722 ... For other uses, see Reconquista (Disambiguation). ...

In the Late Middle Ages, the Aragonese expansion southwards met with the Castilian advance northward in the region of Murcia . Afterward, the Aragonese empire focused in the Mediterranean, acting as far as Greece and Barbary. Capital Zaragoza Area â€“ Total â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th 47 719 kmÂ² 9,4% Population â€“ Total (2003) â€“ % of Spain â€“ Density Ranked 11th 1 217 514 2,9% 25,51/kmÂ² Demonym â€“ English â€“ Spanish Aragonese aragonÃ©s Statute of Autonomy August 16, 1982 ISO 3166-2 AR Parliamentary representation â€“ Congress seats â€“ Senate... A former kingdom of Spain, Castile comprises the two regions of Old Castile in north-western Spain, and New Castile in the centre of the country. ... Capital Murcia Area – Total – % of Spain Ranked 9th 11 313 km² 2,2% Population – Total (2003) – % of Spain – Density Ranked 10th 1 226 993 2,9% 108,46/km² Demonym – English – Spanish Murcian murciano/a Statute of Autonomy June 19, 1982 ISO 3166-2 MU Parliamentary representation – Congress seats – Senate... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... For other meanings, see Barbary Coast (disambiguation). ...

History

The union of the two territories of Catalonia and Aragon was caused by the marriage of Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona and Petronila of Aragon, later Queen Regnant of Aragon. This merged the County of Barcelona with the Kingdom of Aragon under the name of "Crown of Aragon". Their son, Alfonso II, inherited both titles. This union was made while respecting the existing institutions of both places. This situation was mostly maintained until the abolition of the Crown of Aragon early in the 18th century. Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona the Saint ( b. ... Petronila of Aragon (1135- October 17, 1174, Barcelona) was the daughter of King Ramiro II of Aragon and Agnes of Poitiers, a. ... Alfonso II of Asturias -- (789-842) Alfonso II of Aragon -- (1152-1196) Alfonso II of Portugal -- (1185-1223) the Fat Alphonso II of Naples This is a disambiguation page â€” a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

King James I (13th century) conquered new territories and incorporated Majorca and the region of Valencia to the state. Valencia was made a new kingdom with its own institutions, and so the third member of the confederation. Majorca, together with the counties of Cerdagne and Roussillon and the city of Montpellier, were given to his son James and were named Kingdom of Majorca, but these territories were reincorporated later, in 1349. James I of Aragon (Catalan: Jaume I) (Montpellier February 2, 1208 - July 27, 1276), surnamed the Conqueror, was the king of Aragon, count of Barcelona and Lord of Montpellier from 1213 to 1276. ... Majorca (Mallorca in Catalan and Spanish (sometimes also encountered in English), from Latin insula maior, later Maiorica major island) is one of the Balearic Islands (Catalan: Illes Balears, Spanish: Islas Baleares), which are located in the Mediterranean Sea and are a part of Spain. ... Cerdagne (Catalan: Cerdanya; French: Cerdagne; Spanish: CerdaÃ±a) is a small region of the eastern Pyrenees divided between France and Spain and which is historically one of the counties of Catalonia. ... Mount CanigÃ³ (2785m), a Catalan landmark Roussillon (Catalan RossellÃ³; Spanish RosellÃ³n) is one of the historical Catalan Countries corresponding roughly to the present-day southern French dÃ©partement of PyrÃ©nÃ©es-Orientales (Eastern Pyrenees). ... Location within France Montpellier (Occitan MontpelhiÃ¨r) is a city in the south of France. ... The Kingdom of Majorca (also Kingdom of Mallorca) was created by James I of Aragon (Jaume I, The Conqueror) as a vassal kingdom of the Kingdom of Aragon. ...

Expansion through the Mediterranean continued (Sicily, Minorca, Sardinia). In 1410, King Martin I died without surviving descendants. As a result, by the Pact of Caspe, Ferdinand of Antequera from the Castilian dynasty of Trastamara, received the Crown of Aragon. Sicily (Sicilia in Italian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 sq. ... Flag of Minorca Minorca (Menorca both in Catalan and Spanish and increasingly in English usage; from Latin insula minor, later Minorica minor island) is one of the Balearic Islands (Illes Balears Catalan official name, Islas Baleares in Spanish), located in the Mediterranean Sea, and belonging to Spain. ... Sardinia (Sardigna, Sardinna or Sardinnia in the Sardinian language, Sardegna in Italian, Sardenya in Catalan), is the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (Sicily is the largest), between Italy, Spain and Tunisia, south of Corsica. ... Martin I (1356—1410), the Elder, the Humane, the Ecclesiastic, King of Aragon (1396 - 1410), King of Sicily (1409 - 1410) was the last direct descendant in legitimate male line of Wilfred the Hairy, Count of Barcelona, to rule Aragon. ... The Compromise of Caspe made in 1412 was an act and resolution of parliamentarian representatives on behalf of kingdoms Aragon and Valencia and principality of Catalonia to resolve the interregnum commenced by the death of King Martin I of Aragon in 1410 without a legitimate heir. ... Ferdinand I (of Aragón and Sicily), called The Just (c. ...

In 1443, Naples was conquered. Later, King Ferdinand II of Aragon recovered the northern Catalan counties, as well as Iberian Navarre, and married Queen Isabella I of Castile in 1479. However, Castile and the Crown of Aragon remained different states, each keeping its own institutions and laws. Location within Italy Naples (Italian Napoli, Neapolitan Napule, from Greek ÎÎÎ± Î ÏŒÎ»Î¹Ï‚ - NÃ©a PÃ³lis - meaning New City) is the largest city in southern Italy and capital of Campania Region. ... Ferdinand and his wife Isabella of Castile Ferdinand II (Fernando de AragÃ³n in Spanish and Ferran dAragÃ³ in Catalan), nicknamed the Catholic (March 10, 1452 â€“ June 23, 1516) was king of Aragon, Castile, Sicily, Naples, Valencia, Sardinia and Navarre and Count of Barcelona. ... Isabella of Castile (Spanish: Ysabel, Isabel or Isabela) (22 April 1451 - 26 November 1504) was queen of Castile. ... Events January 20 - Ferdinand II ascends the throne of Aragon and rules together with his wife Isabella, queen of Castile over most of the Iberian peninsula. ... A former kingdom of Spain, Castile comprises the two regions of Old Castile in north-western Spain, and New Castile in the centre of the country. ...

The Crown of Aragon was abolished after the War of the Spanish Succession (1702–1713) and all its lands were incorporated, as provinces, into Spanish administration. Charles II was the last Habsburg King of Spain. ...

See List of Spanish monarchs, Kings of Spain family tree, and Spanish Empire. History of Spain series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Muslim Conquest of Iberia Timeline of Muslim Occupation Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History... This is a collection of family trees of the kingdom of Spain. ... Habsburg Spain was the center of one of the first global empires. ...

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