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On Abemama - Kuria - Aranuka one chief was recognised as paramount.
Another factor was the ability of some kainga to seize and hold the land of others, as warfare in pursuit of land and status was common in the northern islands.
Abemama, Kuria and Aranuka were united under Karotu, the Uea of Abemama in the 1840s, after a number of battles.
The group includes Tarawa, Butaritari (Makin), Little Makin, Marakei, Abaiang, Maiana, Abemama, Kuria, and Aranuka in the north; Nonouti and Tabiteuea in the central region; and Beru, Nikunau, Onotoa, Tamana, and Arorae in the south.
Thus, the island resembles Aranuka in being between a reef island and a true atoll.
The land mass occupies fully a third or more of the shallow reef structure and is positioned mostly towards the northeast edge of the reef.