The Arapaho are a tribe of Native Americans from the western Great Plains, in the area of eastern Colorado and Wyoming. Traditional Arapaho music, described by Bruno Nettl (1965, p. 150), includes sacred and secular songs. Traditional music uses terraced descent type melodic motion, with songs consisting of two sections, each with a range of more than an octave and scales of four to six tones. There are hundreds of tribes of Native Americans (called the First Nations in Canada), each with diverse musical practices, spread across the United States and Canada (excluding Hawaiian music). ... Chicken scratch (also known as waila music) is a kind of dance music developed by the Tohono Oodham people. ... The Ghost Dance by the Ogalala Lakota at Pine Ridge The Ghost Dance, also known as the Ghost Dance of 1890, as noted in historical accounts, is a millennialist spiritual movement among Native Americans that began toward the end of 1888 and reached its peak just before the Wounded Knee... Native American hip hop is popular among Native Americans in the United States and the First Nations of Canada. ... The Native American flute has achieved some measure of fame for its distinctive sound, used in a variety of New Age and world music recordings. ... Peyote songs are a form of Native American music, performed as part of the Native American Church. ... This article is about a Native American gathering. ... Blackfoot music (best translated in the Blackfoot language as nitsínixki - I sing, from nínixksini - song) is primarily a vocal kind of music, using few instruments (called ninixkiátsis, derived from the word for song and associated primarily with European-American instruments), only percussion and voice, and few words. ... The Dene live in northern Canada. ... The Innu are among the First Nations of Canada. ... The Inuit live across the northern sections of Canada, especially in Yukon, Nunavat and Northwest Territories, as well as in Alaska and Greenland. ... The Iroquois are a Native American tribe. ... The Kiowa are a Native American tribe. ... Navajo music is the music of the Navajo people and nation, currently in Arizona, Utah and New Mexico. ... The Kwakiutl are an Aboriginal people in Canada. ... Pueblo music includes the music of the Hopi, Zuni, Taos Pueblo, San Ildefonso, Santo Domingo, and many other peoples, and according to Bruno Nettl features one of the most complex Native American musical styles on the continent. ... The Seminole are an indigenous people of the Americas, living in the U.S. state of Florida. ... The Sioux are a diverse group of Native Americans generally divided into three subgroups: Lakota, Dakota and Nakota. ... The Yuman are a tribe of Native Americans from what is now Southern California. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Canadian music includes pop and folk genres; the latter includes forms derived from England, France (particularly in Quebec), Ireland, Scotland, and various Inuit and Indian ethnic groups. ... Scabby Bull, Arapaho 1806 Arapaho camp, ca. ... An Atsina named Assiniboin Boy Native Americans in the United States (also Indians, American Indians, First Americans, Indigenous Peoples, Aboriginal Peoples, Aboriginal Americans, Amerindians, Amerinds, or Original Americans) are those indigenous peoples within the territory that is now encompassed by the continental United States, and their descendants in modern times. ... The Great Plains is the broad expanse of prairie which lies east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States of America and Canada, covering all or parts of the U.S. states of New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana, South Dakota and North Dakota and the... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 8th 269,837 km² 451 km 612 km 0. ... Official language(s) English Capital Cheyenne Largest city Cheyenne Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 10th 253,554 km² 450 km 580 km 0. ... Bruno Nettl is a musicologist and ethnomusicologist. ... Religious music (also sacred music) is music performed or composed for religious use or through religious influence. ... Melodic motion is the quality of movement of a melody, including nearness or farness of successive pitches or notes in a melody. ... Melodic motion is the nearness or farness of successive pitches or notes in a melody. ... In music, an octave (sometimes abbreviated 8ve or 8va) is the interval between one musical note and another with half or double the frequency. ... In music, a scale is a set of musical notes in order by pitch, either ascending or descending. ...

Sun Dance

Main article: Sun Dance Though perhaps not a Sun Dance, John White depicted a Native American dance he witnessed in the 1500s. ...

The Arapaho Sun Dance, performed in the summer when the Arapaho bands come together for the occasion, is a ceremony performed in order to guide warriors on a vision, receiving a guardian spirit. The vision is inspired by intense self-torture. In religion, visions comprise inspirational renderings, generally of a future state and/or of a mythical being, and are believed (by followers of the religion) to come from a deity, directly or indirectly via prophets, and serve to inspire or prod believers as part of a revelation or an epiphany. ...

There are also Arapaho folk songs taught by guardian spirits, which are only supposed to be sung when the recipient is near death. Folk music, in the original sense of the term, is music by and of the people. ...

Secular music

Secular Arapaho songs include a wide variety of round dances in triple meter, the snake dance, the rabbit dance (a partner dance introduced after European contact) and a turtle dance, along with lullabies, children's, war, historical, and courtship songs. There are two distinct dance categories called Round dance. ... Metre or meter is the measurement of a musical line into measures of stressed and unstressed beats, indicated in Western notation by a symbol called a time signature. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Two people doing the Salsa. ... A lullaby is a soothing song sung to children before they go to sleep. ... Childrens songs may be nursery rhymes set to music or modern creations intended for entertainment or use in the home or education. ... Courtship or dating is the process of selecting and attracting a mate for companionship, sex, marriage or other activities. ...

Ghost Dance

Main article: Ghost Dance The Ghost Dance by the Ogalala Lakota at Pine Ridge The Ghost Dance, also known as the Ghost Dance of 1890, as noted in historical accounts, is a millennialist spiritual movement among Native Americans that began toward the end of 1888 and reached its peak just before the Wounded Knee...

The Ghost Dance was a religion, introduced from tribes further west than the Arapaho in the 1880s. In 1891, the religion was outlawed by the United States, leading to a rebellion among the adherents and culminating in the Wounded Knee Massacre. Music was an integral part of the Ghost Dance, and included folk songs that were retained long after the movement ended (ibid, 151). // Events and Trends Technology Development and commercial production of electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered automobile by Karl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler and Maybach First commercial production and sales of phonographs and phonograph recordings. ... 1891 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants Great Sioux Nation United States Commanders Big Foot James W. Forsyth Strength 120 men 230 women and children 500 men Casualties 150 killed 50 wounded 25 killed 39 wounded {{{notes}}} The Wounded Knee Massacre was the last major armed conflict between the Great Sioux Nation and the United States...

Peyote songs

Main article: Peyote song Peyote songs are a form of Native American music, performed as part of the Native American Church. ...

Peyote is a cactus found natively in Mexico. The buttons of the cactus, when chewed, act as a hallucinogen used in the ancient Aztec religion and continued by area tribes to the present. Peyote ceremonies spread north and east, reaching the Apache tribes in the 18th century and then spreading to most every tribe in North America, along with some Apache music and Plains-Pueblo characteristics. Peyote songs accompany the peyote ceremonies, and are mostly the same throughout the area of peyote's entheogenic use. These songs are most similar to traditional songs of the Plains area, but are characterzed by a rapid rhythm composed of two note values, transcribed as quarter and eighth notes. Vocables, or non-lexical syllables are used, as are cadential and closing formulas. Binomial name Lophophora williamsii (Lem. ... Genera See Taxonomy of the Cactaceae A cactus (information regarding the plural of catcus below) is a type of (usually) succulent plant belonging to the dicotyledonous flowering plant family, Cactaceae. ... The psychedelic (from the Greek words for mind, ψυχη psyche, and manifest, δηλειν delein) drugs are classified as those whose primary action is that of enhancing or amplifying the thought processes of the brain. ... The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican people of central Mexico in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. ... Group of Apaches Apache is the collective name for several culturally related tribes of Native Americans, aboriginal inhabitants of North America, who speak a Southern Athabaskan language. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Pueblo music includes the music of the Hopi, Zuni, Taos Pueblo, San Ildefonso, Santo Domingo, and many other peoples, and according to Bruno Nettl features one of the most complex Native American musical styles on the continent. ... The word entheogen is a modern term derived from two Ancient Greek words, ἔνθεος (entheos) and γενέσθαι (genesthai). ... A vocable is a word used without meaning. ...

Sample

• Download recording Ghost Dance and gambling song from the Piute and Arapaho Native Americans from the Library of Congress' Emile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry Collection; performed by James Mooney (possibly along with Charles Mooney; neither are believed to be Native Americans) on July 5, 1894

The Ghost Dance by the Ogalala Lakota at Pine Ridge The Ghost Dance, also known as the Ghost Dance of 1890, as noted in historical accounts, is a millennialist spiritual movement among Native Americans that began toward the end of 1888 and reached its peak just before the Wounded Knee... Gambling has had many different meanings depending on the cultural and historical context in which it is used. ... Paiute (sometimes written as Piute) refers to two related groups -- Northern Paiute and Southern Paiute--of Native North Americans speaking languages belonging to the Numic branch of the Uto-Aztecan family of Native American languages. ... Scabby Bull, Arapaho 1806 Arapaho camp, ca. ... A Hupa man, 1923 The scope of this indigenous peoples of the Americas article encompasses the definitions of indigenous peoples and the Americas as established in their respective articles. ...

References

• Nettl, Bruno (1965). Folk and Traditional Music of the Western Continents. Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Further reading

• Densmore, Francis (1964). Cheyenne and Arapaho Music, Southwest Museum. ISBN 0916561127.