Araucaria
Araucaria columnaris
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Pinophyta Class: Pinopsida Order: Pinales Family: Araucariaceae Genus: Araucaria Juss.
Species
See text. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (945x1370, 368 KB) Summary Araucaria columnaris - USGS photo [1] Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Araucaria ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae land plants (embryophytes) non-vascular embryophytes Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses vascular plants (tracheophytes) seedless vascular plants Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongue ferns seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta... Orders & Families Cordaitales † Pinales   Pinaceae - Pine family   Araucariaceae - Araucaria family   Podocarpaceae - Yellow-wood family   Sciadopityaceae - Umbrella-pine family   Cupressaceae - Cypress family   Cephalotaxaceae - Plum-yew family   Taxaceae - Yew family Vojnovskyales † Voltziales † The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferae, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxa within the... Orders & Families Cordaitales † Pinales   Pinaceae - Pine family   Araucariaceae - Araucaria family   Podocarpaceae - Yellow-wood family   Sciadopityaceae - Umbrella-pine family   Cupressaceae - Cypress family   Cephalotaxaceae - Plum-yew family   Taxaceae - Yew family Vojnovskyales † Voltziales † The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferae, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxa within the... Families Pinaceae, pine family Araucariaceae, araucaria family Podocarpaceae, yellow-wood family Phyllocladaceae Sciadopityaceae, umbrella-pine family Cupressaceae, cypress family Cephalotaxaceae, plum-yew family Taxaceae, yew family The Order Pinales in the Division Pinophyta, Class Pinopsida comprises all the extant conifers. ... Genera Agathis Araucaria Wollemia The Araucariaceae are a very ancient family of conifers. ... Portrait of Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (April 12, 1748 - September 17, 1836) was a French botanist. ...

Araucaria is a genus of coniferous trees in the family Araucariaceae. There are 19 species in the genus, with a highly disjunct distribution in New Caledonia (where 13 species are endemic), Norfolk Island, eastern Australia, New Guinea, Argentina, Chile, and southern Brazil. For other uses of the word, please see Genus (disambiguation). ... Orders & Families Cordaitales † Pinales   Pinaceae - Pine family   Araucariaceae - Araucaria family   Podocarpaceae - Yellow-wood family   Sciadopityaceae - Umbrella-pine family   Cupressaceae - Cypress family   Cephalotaxaceae - Plum-yew family   Taxaceae - Yew family Vojnovskyales † Voltziales † The conifers, division Pinophyta, also known as division Coniferae, are one of 13 or 14 division level taxa within the... For other uses, see Tree (disambiguation). ... Genera Agathis Araucaria Wollemia The Araucariaceae are a very ancient family of conifers. ... In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biodiversity. ... In biology and ecology endemic means exclusively native to a place or biota, in contrast to cosmopolitan or introduced. ...

Many if not all current populations are relictual and restricted. They are found in forest and maquis shrubland, with an affinity for exposed sites. These columnar trees are living fossils, dating back to early in the Mesozoic age. Fossil records show that the genus also formerly occurred in the northern hemisphere until the end of the Cretaceous period. Temperate rainforest on Northern Slopes of the Alborz mountain ranges, Iran A dense growth of softwoods (a conifer forest) in the Sierra Nevada Range of Northern California A decidous broadleaf (Beech) forest in Slovenia. ... Maquis (French) or macchia (Italian; plural macchie) is a shrubland biota in Mediterranean countries, typically consisting of densely-growing evergreen shrubs such as sage, juniper and myrtle. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Mesozoic Era is one of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic eon. ... Three small ammonite fossils, each approximately 1. ... The Cretaceous Period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic Period (i. ...

The genus is familiar to many people as the genus of the distinctive Monkey-puzzle Araucaria araucana. The genus is named after the Arauco Indians of central Chile and south-west Argentina whose territory incorporates natural stands of this species, where it is known as the Pehuén. These Native Americans, who name themselves the Pehuenche ('people of the Pehuén'), harvest the seeds extensively for food. No distinct vernacular name exists for the genus; many are erroneously called 'pine', despite their being only very distantly related to pines (Pinus). Binomial name Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch Araucaria araucana (Pehuén or Monkey-puzzle) is the hardiest species in the conifer genus Araucaria. ... Mapuche (Mapudungun; Che, People + Mapu, of the Land) are the original Amerindian inhabitants of Central and Southern Chile and Southern Argentina. ... A Hupa man. ... Subgenera Subgenus Strobus Subgenus Ducampopinus Subgenus Pinus See Pinus classification for complete taxonomy to species level. ...

They are mainly large trees with a massive erect stem, reaching a height of 30-80 m. The horizontal, spreading branches grow in whorls and are covered with leathery or needle-like leaves. In some species, the leaves are narrow awl-shaped and lanceolate, barely overlapping each other, in others they are broad and flat, and overlap broadly. Foliage redirects here. ...

The trees are mostly dioecious, with male and female cones found on separate trees, though occasional individuals are monoecious or change sex with time. The female cones, usually high on the top of the tree, are globose, and vary in size between species from 7-25 cm diameter. They contain 80-200 large, edible seeds, similar to pine nuts though larger. The male cones are smaller, 4-10 cm long, and narrow to broad cylindrical, 1.5-5 cm broad. Plant sexuality deals with the wide variety of sexual reproduction systems found across the plant kingdom. ... Mature female European Black Pine cone Male cones of a pine A cone (in formal botanical usage: strobilus, plural strobili) is an organ on plants in the division Pinophyta (conifers) that contains the reproductive structures. ... Plant sexuality deals with the wide variety of sexual reproduction systems found across the plant kingdom. ... Pine nuts are the edible seeds of pine trees (family Pinaceae, genus Pinus). ...

Classification and species list

There are two sections in the genus, sometimes treated as separate genera:

• Section Araucaria. Leaves broad; cones more than 12cm diameter; seed germination hypogeal. Syn. sect. Columbea; sometimes subdivided into three sections or subsections.
  • Araucaria angustifolia. Paraná Pine (obsolete: Brazilian Pine, Candelabra Tree). Southeastern Brazil, northeastern Argentina.
  • Araucaria araucana. Monkey-puzzle or Pehuén (obsolete: Chile Pine). Central Chile & western Argentina.
  • Araucaria bidwillii. Bunya-bunya. Eastern Australia (sometimes placed in sect. Bunya).
  • Araucaria hunsteinii. Klinki. New Guinea (sometimes placed in sect. Intermedia).
• Section Eutacta. Leaves narrow, awl-like; cones less than 12cm diameter; seed germination epigeal.

See the Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh web site for New Caledonian Araucaria research http://www.rbge.org.uk/rbge/web/science/research/biodiversity/arauc.jsp In botany, a seed is described as hypogeal when the cotyledons of the germinating seed remain non-photosynthetic, inside the seed shell, and below ground. ... Binomial name Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol. ... Binomial name Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch Araucaria araucana (Pehuén or Monkey-puzzle) is the hardiest species in the conifer genus Araucaria. ... Binomial name Araucaria bidwillii (Molina) K. Koch Araucaria bidwillii is a species in the genus Araucaria, family Araucariaceae. ... In botany, a seed is described as epigeal when the cotyledons of the germinating seed expand, throw off the seed shell and become photosynthetic above the ground. ...

• • Araucaria bernieri. New Caledonia.
  • Araucaria biramulata. New Caledonia.
  • Araucaria columnaris. Cook Pine. New Caledonia.
  • Araucaria cunninghamii. Moreton Bay Pine, Hoop Pine. Eastern Australia, New Guinea.
  • Araucaria heterophylla. Norfolk Island Pine. Norfolk Island.
  • Araucaria humboldtensis. New Caledonia.
  • Araucaria laubenfelsii. New Caledonia.
  • Araucaria luxurians. New Caledonia.
  • Araucaria montana. New Caledonia.
  • Araucaria muelleri. New Caledonia.

• • Araucaria nemorosa. New Caledonia.www.
  • Araucaria rulei. New Caledonia.
  • Araucaria schmidii. New Caledonia.
  • Araucaria scopulorum. New Caledonia.
  • Araucaria subulata. New Caledonia.

Binomial name Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D.Don Araucaria cunninghamii is a species of Araucaria known as Moreton Bay Pine, or Hoop Pine (confusing names, as it is not a pine). ... Binomial name Araucaria heterophylla (Salisb. ...

Uses

Some of the species are relatively common in cultivation because of their distinctive, formal symmetrical growth habit. Several species are economically important for timber production and the edible seeds. Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill Timber is a term used to describe wood, either standing or that has been processed for use—from the time trees are felled, to its end product as a material suitable for industrial use—as structural material for construction or wood...

Araucaria Image File history File links Size of this preview: 527 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1413 × 1608 pixel, file size: 690 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) araucaria en montaña trabajo propio 2007 pruxo File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on...	Araucaria columnaris branch Araucaria columnaris2. ...	Araucaria araucana entorno natural Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 537 pixel Image in higher resolution (2303 × 1545 pixel, file size: 695 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) araucaria edicion de un trabajo propio 2007 pruxo File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on...	Araucaria araucana in an argentinian´s lake Neuquén, Argentina Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 540 pixel Image in higher resolution (1800 × 1215 pixel, file size: 1. ... Neuquén is the capital city of the Argentine province of Neuquén, located on the east of the province, at the confluence of the Limay and Neuquén rivers. ...
Araucaria araucana with seed cones Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1134x1219, 413 KB) Araucaria araucana female cones - photo MPF File links The following pages link to this file: Araucaria araucana Araucaria ...	Araucaria araucana en neuquen Image File history File links Size of this preview: 474 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (1225 × 1548 pixel, file size: 548 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) araucaria playa rucachoroi trabajo propio 2007 pruxo File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other...	Mature Araucaria tree (A. bidwillii) as an exotic ornamental tree in Valparaiso, Chile Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1536x2048, 598 KB) Summary Mature Araucaria Tree Valparaiso, Chile Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Valparaíso is one of the main seaports of Chile, on the Pacific Ocean, and the capital of the Valparaíso Region. ...	Araucaria araucana sapling in Chester Zoo Image File history File links Aa_2006_05_10_araucaria_sapling. ... Chester Zoo is an award winning zoological garden in Cheshire in the United Kingdom and was founded by George S. Mottershead and family. ...
Araucaria vista desde arriba Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...	Three different members of the genus growing together - left to right, A. columnaris, A. cunninghamii and A. bidwillii Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1600 × 1200 pixel, file size: 222 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Photograph of (left to right) Araucaria columnaris, and together. ...	Araucaria araucana very old Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

External link

• Gymnosperm Database: Araucaria
• Araucaria Research