Arbutus
Arbutus menziesii trunk
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Ericales Family: Ericaceae Genus: Arbutus L.
Species
See text. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2816x2112, 1385 KB) Summary i took this pic in feb 06 and release all rights to wikipedia Licensing I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... ... Scientific classification or biological classification is a method by which biologists group and categorize species of organisms. ... Divisions Green algae land plants (embryophytes) non-vascular embryophytes Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses vascular plants (tracheophytes) seedless vascular plants Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongue ferns seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are the dominant and most familiar group of land plants. ... Magnoliopsida is the botanical name for a class: this name is formed by replacing the termination -aceae in the name Magnoliaceae by the termination -opsida (Art 16 of the ICBN). ... Families See text. ... Genera See text The plant Family Ericaceae (Heath Family) or ericaceous plants are mostly lime-hating or calcifuge plants that thrive in acid soils. ... Carl Linnaeus, Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 23, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ...

Arbutus is a genus of at least 14 species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae, native to warm temperate regions of the Mediterranean, western Europe, and North America. For other uses of the word, please see Genus (disambiguation). ... Classes Magnoliopsida - Dicots Liliopsida - Monocots The flowering plants (also called angiosperms) are the dominant and most familiar group of land plants. ... Genera See text The plant Family Ericaceae (Heath Family) or ericaceous plants are mostly lime-hating or calcifuge plants that thrive in acid soils. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...

North American members of the genus are called Madrones, from the Spanish name madroño. The European species are called Strawberry Trees from the superficial resemblance of the fruit to a strawberry; some species are sometimes referred to simply as the "Arbutus". Curiously, the name "Madrone" is used south of the Siskiyou Mountains of southern Oregon/northern California and the name "Madrona" is used north of the Siskiyou Mountains according to the "Sunset Western Garden Book". North of the Canadian border, the name "Arbutus" is commonly used.^[1] All refer to the same tree, Arbutus menziesii, native to the Pacific Northwest and Northern California regions. World map showing the location of Europe. ... - Species 20+ species; see text The strawberry (Fragaria) is a genus of plants in the family Rosaceae, and the fruit of these plants. ...

They are evergreen trees or large shrubs growing to 5–25 m tall, with red or brown bark. The leaves are spirally arranged, oval to broad lanceolate, with a serrated or entire margin. The flowers are bell-shaped, 5–10 mm long, white or pink, and produced in racemes or corymbs. The fruit is a rough-textured red or orange-red berry 1–2 cm diameter containing yellow fruit flesh with numerous very small seeds; the fruit are edible but have minimal flavour and are not widely eaten. The leaves of evrgreens have a thick, green outer layer to protect them from low temperatures. ... The coniferous Coast Redwood, the tallest tree species on earth. ... A broom shrub in flower A shrub or bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of woody plant, distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, usually less than 6 m tall. ... For other meanings of bark, see Bark (disambiguation). ... “Foliage” redirects here. ... A Phalaenopsis flower Rudbeckia fulgida A flower, (<Old French flo(u)r<Latin florem<flos), also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms). ... This inflorescence of the terrestrial orchid Spathoglottis plicata is a typical raceme. ... White-fruited Rowan (Sorbus glabrescens) corymb; note the branched structure A panicle is a compound raceme; a branched, indeterminate inflorescence with pedicellate flowers (and fruit) attached along the secondary branches (in another words, a branched cluster of flowers in which the branches are racemes). ... For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ... Several types of berries from the market. ... A ripe red jalapeño cut open to show the seeds For other uses, see Seed (disambiguation). ...

A recent study which analyzed ribosomal DNA from Arbutus and related genera suggests that the Mediterranean Basin species of Arbutus are not very closely related to the North American species, and that the split between the two groups of species occurred at the Paleogene/Neogene boundary. The Mediterranean Basin refers to the lands around and surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. ... Paleogene (alternatively Palaeogene) period is a unit of geologic time that began 65 and ended 23 million years ago. ... Neogene Period is a unit of geologic time consisting of the Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene epochs. ...

Species

Old World

• Arbutus andrachne (Greek Strawberry Tree). Southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia.
• Arbutus canariensis (Canary Madrone). Canary Islands.
• Arbutus unedo (Strawberry Tree). Widespread in the Mediterranean region and also western France and western Ireland.
• Note: the East Asian fruit Myrica rubra is often mistranslated as Arbutus.
• A. unedo and A. andrachne hybridise naturally where their ranges overlap; the hybrid has been named Arbutus × andrachnoides (syn. A. × hybrida, or A. andrachne × unedo), inheriting traits of both parent species, though fruits are not usually borne freely, and as a hybrid is unlikely to breed true from seed.

Binomial name L. The Greek Strawberry Tree (Arbutus andrachne L.) is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean region and southwestern Asia. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... Capital Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Santa Cruz de Tenerife Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 13th  7,447 km²  1. ... Binomial name Arbutus unedo L. The Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo L.) is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean region and western Europe north to western France and Ireland. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Binomial name Myrica rubra Siebold & Zucc. ... // This article is about a biological term. ...

New World

• Arbutus arizonica (Arizona Madrone). New Mexico, Arizona and western Mexico south to Jalisco.
• Arbutus glandulosa. Central and southern Mexico.
• Arbutus menziesii (Pacific Madrone). West coast of North America from southern British Columbia to central California, on the west slopes of the Sierra Nevada and Pacific Coast Range mountains.
• Arbutus peninsularis. Baja California Peninsula of Mexico.
• Arbutus xalapensis (Texas Madrone; syn. A. texana). Texas, New Mexico and northeastern Mexico.

Arbutus species are used as food plants by some Lepidoptera species including Emperor Moth. Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... Official language(s) English Capital Phoenix Largest city Phoenix Area  Ranked 6th  - Total 113,998 sq mi (295,254 km²)  - Width 310 miles (500 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 0. ... Jalisco is one of the states of the United Mexican States (Mexico). ... ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... Motto: Splendor Sine Occasu (Latin: Splendour without diminishment) Capital Victoria Largest city Vancouver Official languages English Government - Lieutenant-Governor Iona Campagnolo - Premier Gordon Campbell (BC Liberal) Federal representation in Canadian Parliament - House seats 36 - Senate seats 6 Confederation July 20, 1871 (6th province) Area  Ranked 4th - Total 944,735 km... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... This article is about the mountain range in the Western United States. ... The Pacific Coast Ranges are the series of mountain ranges that stretch along west coast of North America from Alaska to Mexico. ... Baja California Peninsula (highlighted) The Baja California Peninsula or Lower California is a peninsula in the west of Mexico. ... Binomial name Kunth Texas Madrone or Texas Madroño (Arbutus xalapensis) is a species of Arbutus native to the southwestern United States (western Texas and New Mexico), south through most of Mexico and Central America to Nicaragua. ... Official language(s) No Official Language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... Capital Santa Fe Largest city Albuquerque Area  Ranked 5th  - Total 121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)  - Width 342 miles (550 km)  - Length 370 miles (595 km)  - % water 0. ... Superfamilies Butterflies Hesperioidea Papilionoidea Moths Acanthopteroctetoidea Alucitoidea Axioidea Bombycoidea Calliduloidea Choreutoidea Cossoidea Drepanoidea Epermenioidea Eriocranioidea Galacticoidea Gelechioidea Geometroidea Gracillarioidea Hedyloidea Hepialoidea Heterobathmioidea Hyblaeoidea Immoidea Incurvarioidea Lasiocampoidea Lophocoronoidea Micropterigoidea Mimallonoidea Mnesarchaeoidea Neopseustoidea Nepticuloidea Noctuoidea Palaephatoidea Pterophoroidea Pyraloidea Schreckensteinioidea Sesioidea Simaethistoidea Thyridoidea Tineoidea Tischerioidea Tortricoidea Urodoidea Whalleyanoidea Yponomeutoidea Zygaenoidea The order Lepidoptera... Binomial name Pavonia pavonia Linnaeus, 1758 The Emperor Moth (Pavonia pavonia) is a moth of the family Saturniidae. ...

Several species are widely cultivated as ornamental plants outside of their natural ranges, though cultivation is often difficult due to their intolerance of root disturbance. An ornamental plant is a plant that is grown for its ornamental qualities, rather than for its commercial or other value. ...

Some species in the genera Epigaea, Arctostaphylos and Gaultheria were formerly classified in Arbutus. As a result of its past classification, Epigaea repens (Mayflower) has an alternative common name of "trailing arbutus". Species Epigaea asiatica Epigaea repens Epigaea gaultherioides Epigaea is a genus of three species of flowering plants in the Ericaceae. ... Species About 60, see text. ... Species About 170 species, including: Gaultheria adenothrix Gaultheria antarctica Gaultheria antipoda Gaultheria caudata Gaultheria codonantha Gaultheria cumingiana Gaultheria cuneata Gaultheria depressa Gaultheria eriophylla Gaultheria forrestii Gaultheria fragrantissima Gaultheria hirtiflora Gaultheria hispida Gaultheria hispidula Gaultheria hookeri Gaultheria humifusa Gaultheria insana Gaultheria itoana Gaultheria lanceolata Gaultheria macrostigma Gaultheria miqueliana Gaultheria mucronata Gaultheria... Species Epigaea asiatica Epigaea repens Epigaea gaultherioides Epigaea is a genus of three species of flowering plants in the Ericaceae. ...

Uses and symbolism

The bear and the tree at Puerta del Sol, Madrid

The Arbutus unedo tree makes up part of the coat of arms (El oso y el madroño, The Bear and the Strawberry Tree) of the city of Madrid, Spain. In the center of the city (Puerta del Sol) there is a statue of a bear eating the fruit of the Madroño tree. The image appears on city crests, taxi cabs, man-hole covers, and other city infrastructure. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1536 × 2048 pixel, file size: 797 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Picture made by me File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1536 × 2048 pixel, file size: 797 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Picture made by me File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Puerta del Sol, from left to right, the House of the Post Office, Calle Mayor and the statue of Charles III The Puerta del Sol (Spanish for Sun Gate) is one of the most well known and busiest places in Madrid. ... Motto: (Spanish for From Madrid to Heaven) Location Coordinates: , Country Spain Autonomous Community Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid Province Madrid Administrative Divisions 21 Neighborhoods 127 Founded 9th century Government  - Mayor Alberto Ruiz-Gallardón Jimémez (PP) Area  - Land 607 km² (234. ...

The Arbutus was important to the Straits Salish people of Vancouver Island, who used arbutus bark and leaves to create medicines for colds, stomach problems, and tuberculosis, and as the basis for contraceptives. The tree also figured into certain myths of the Straits Salish.^[2]

Arbutus menziesii—full tree Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 561 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1322 × 1412 pixel, file size: 1. ...	Arbutus menziesii—flowers Pacific Madrone blossom. ...	Arbutus menziesii—bark Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (748x1000, 132 KB) Summary Close up view of the bark of a Pacific Madrona (Arbutus menziesii). ...	Arbutus unedo—Corsica Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Arbutus unedo—leaves and fruit Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...	Arbutus unedo—fruit Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2560x1920, 1723 KB) Fruit of Arbutus unedo German description: Arbutus unedo Früchte Photo by: Mnolf Date: 14. ...

Notes

1. ^ On British Columbia see Jim Pojar and Andy MacKinnon, eds, Plants of Coastal British Columbia (Vancouver: Lone Pine Publishing, 1994), 49 and Daniel Francis, ed., The Encyclopedia of British Columbia (Madeira Park, BC: Harbour Publishing, 2000), 20.
2. ^ Pojar and MacKinnon, 49

References

• Hileman, Lena C., Vasey, Michael C., & Thomas Parker, V. 2001. Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Arbutoideae (Ericaceae): Implications for the Madrean-Tethyan Hypothesis. Systematic Botany 26 (1): 131–143.