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Archaeology in Singapore is a niche discipline. Although there is a lack of government support for archeological work, many artifacts have been unearthed at sites around the island. These finds have helped to give a clearer picture of Singapore's history, both before and after Stamford Raffles' landing in 1819. Archaeology or sometimes in American English archeology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ...
I archaeology, an artifact or artefact is any object made or modified by a human culture, and often one later recovered by some archaeological endeavor. ...
Thomas Stamford Raffles. ...
Sites
The first site excavation was carried out in 1984 by John N Miksic (then with Gadjah Mada University in Yogyakarta, Indonesia) at Fort Canning.[1][2] Since then, places where site surveys have been carried out include: Universitas Gadjah Mada (Gadjah Mada University or UGM) is the biggest university in Indonesia in terms of student population. ...
Yogyakarta, Indonesia Yogyakarta (also Jogjakarta or Jogja) is a city and province on the island of Java, Indonesia. ...
Fort Canning is a park in central Singapore. ...
There have been site excavations in these areas: The Singapore History Museum (abbreviation: SHM; Chinese: æ–°åŠ å¡åŽ†å²åšç‰©é¦†) is one of the three national museums of Singapore, currently housed temporarily at Riverside Point. ...
Punggol is a neighborhood in northeastern Singapore. ...
Saint Johns Island is located to the south of the main island of Singapore, off the Straits of Singapore. ...
The Singapore Management University (Abbreviation: SMU; Chinese: æ–°åŠ å¡ç®¡ç†å¤§å¦; Malay: Universiti Pengurusan Singapura) was officially incorporated on January 12, 2000, and holds the unique position of being Singapores first private university funded by the government. ...
Padang is the main capital of West Sumatra in Indonesia. ...
The Empress Place Building currently houses the Asian Civilisations Museum. ...
Parliament House The Old Parliament House (Chinese: å‰å›½ä¼šå¤§åŽ¦), also known as the Arts House at the Old Parliament, is a building in Singapore gazetted as a national monument on 14 February 1992. ...
Parliament House The Parliament House of Singapore is a public building and cultural landmark and houses the Parliament of Singapore. ...
Major finds At Fort Canning, many artifacts dating back to the 14th century have been uncovered, including ceramics from the Yuan Dynasty period, Indian glass beads, Chinese porcelain ware and copper coins.[3] ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ...
The Yuan Dynasty (Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus; Chinese: å…ƒæœ; pinyin: Yuáncháo) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, also called the Mongol Dynasty, was the name given to the significant ruling family of Borjigin in Asia. ...
A figurine made of porcelain For the indie band Fine China see Fine China. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic brown Atomic mass 63. ...
Although Fort Tanjong Katong, whose construction started only in 1879, was much newer than Fort Canning, a number of artifacts have also been unearthed there. 36 bags of marine ecofact and coral samples were collected from the site and have been sent to the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity at the National University of Singapore (NUS) for analysis. Significant parts of the fort, which was demolished after World War I, were also found in situ.[4] Subclasses Alcyonaria Zoantharia See text for orders. ...
The National University of Singapore (Abbreviation: NUS; Simplified Chinese: æ–°åŠ å¡å›½ç«‹å¤§å¦; Pinyin: ; Abbreviated 国大; Malay: Universiti Nasional Singapura; Tamil: சிஙà¯à®•à®ªà¯à®ªà¯‚ர௠தேசிய பலà¯à®•à®²à¯ˆà®•à¯) is Singapores oldest university, and remains the largest in the country in terms of student enrolment and curriculum offered. ...
Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead:5 million Civilian dead:3 million Total dead:8 million Military dead:4 million Civilian dead:3 million Total dead:7 million The First World...
In situ (in place in Latin), a term used in: biology, where it means to examine the phenomenon exactly in place where it occurs (without removing it in some special medium etc. ...
There were so many artifacts uncovered at the Padang that both the work period and the size of the test pit were lengthened. The artifacts include indigenous earthenware, Chinese trade ceramics, and coins from the Tang, Song and Jin Dynasties.[5] For the band, see Tang Dynasty (band). ...
The Song Dynasty (Chinese: 宋æœ) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ...
Jin may refer to: Jin Dynasty (265-420) Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) (Jinn) Jin, a state in China during the Spring and Autumn Period Later Jin Dynasty, founded in 1616 by Nurhaci Jin, a ruler of the Xia dynasty The Jin state of late Bronze Age Korea Jin, Chinese American...
Investigations in the south-east corner of Istana Kampong Glam indicate that a structure may have predated the existing Istana, which was built around 1842. This would support written accounts that have described a wooden structure that Sultan Hussein and his family lived in as early as 1830. The earliest dated artifacts unearthed are Dutch East India Company and mid-Qing coins. Other artifacts recovered are mostly from the 19th and 20th centuries and include Malay earthenware, European transfer print ceramic, Japanese ceramic ware, and various species of marine gastropods and bivalves.[6] The Sultanate of Johor (or sometimes Johor-Riau) was founded by Malaccan Sultan Mahmud Shahs son, Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah in 1528. ...
Dutch colonial possessions, with the Dutch East India Company possessions marked in a paler green, surrounding the Indian Ocean plus Saint Helena in the mid-Atlantic. ...
It has been suggested that Malayan race be merged into this article or section. ...
This article is about the continent. ...
Subclass Subclass Eogastropoda Patellogastropoda Subclass Orthogastropoda Superorder Cocculiniformia Superorder Hot Vent Taxa Neomphaolida Superorder Vetigastropoda Superorder Neritaemorphi Neritopsina Superorder Caenogastropoda Architaenioglossa Sorbeoconcha Superorder Heterobranchia Heterostropha Opisthobranchia Pulmonata The gastropods, or univalves, are the largest and most successful class of mollusks, with 60,000-75,000 species, and second largest class...
Orders Subclass Protobranchia Solemyoida Nuculoida Subclass Pteriomorphia - oysters Arcoida Mytiloida Pterioida Subclass Paleoheterodonta - mussels Trigoinoida Unionoida Subclass Heterodonta - clams, zebra mussels Veneroida Myoida Subclass Anomalosdesmata Pholadomyoida Animals of the Class Bivalvia are known as bivalves because they typically have two-part shells, with both parts being more or less symmetrical. ...
Excavations at St. Andrew's Cathedral have revealed artifacts dating from the 14th century to the 20th century, which suggest that the 14th-century settlement in Singapore extended well beyond the Singapore River.[7] Singapore River The Singapore River (Chinese: æ–°åŠ å¡æ²³) is a small river in terms of physical attributes, but of extreme historical importance to the country of Singapore, the political entity which shares its name. ...
Problems In an interview with Lianhe Zaobao, Miksic, now an Associate Professor in the Southeast Asian Studies Program and the Asia Research Institute at NUS, lamented that "Singapore is probably the only country in the world that does not employ state archaeologists. Even the government of Brunei, with a population one-tenth that of Singapore's, hires them…. Singapore has chosen to be different in this area, which is a very strange phenomenon."[2]
As there is no official support of archaeological work, there is no centralised storage space for excavated artifacts. Even those unearthed many years ago languish in the homes, storerooms or offices of excavation participants. For example, the artifacts from the Fort Tanjong Katong dig are currently housed in Mountbatten Community Club.[2]
In addition, there is no legislation requiring that archaeologists be consulted before construction works proceed, unlike in European countries.[2]
Promotion of archaeology Despite the abovementioned problems, there is still interest in Singapore's history before 1819. NUS has organised a course, "History of Singapore before the Landing of Raffles" annually since 1998, which attracts 250 to 500 interested students each time.[2]
Other means of promoting archaeology have included public talks, collaborative research between archaeologists and the National Parks Board, and encouraging community involvement in site surveys and excavations. The excavations at Fort Tanjong Katong and St. Andrew's Cathedral saw enthusiastic participation from members of the public, and there was dismay when the Fort Tanjong Katong excavation pits were filled in at the start of 2006, ostensibly to prevent mosquitoes from breeding. [8][2] Genera See text. ...
References - ^ South-east Asia Archaeology—Archaeology in Singapore. URL accessed on 2006-04-26.
- ^ a b c d e f ((Chinese))卢丽珊. "在本地考古很寂寞 (It is lonely to be an archaeologist in Singapore)", Lianhe Zaobao, Singapore Press Holdings, 2006-04-23, p. 6. URL accessed on 2006-04-26.
- ^ Archaeology in Singapore—Fort Canning. URL accessed on 2006-04-26.
- ^ Archaeology in Singapore—Fort Tanjong Katong. URL accessed on 2006-04-26.
- ^ Archaeology in Singapore—Padang. URL accessed on 2006-04-26.
- ^ Archaeology in Singapore—Istana Kampong Glam. URL accessed on 2006-04-26.
- ^ Archaeology in Singapore—St. Andrew's Cathedral. URL accessed on 2006-04-26.
- ^ ((Chinese))卢丽珊. "出土古堡垒，为何又入土？ (Why has an excavated fort been filled in again?)", Lianhe Zaobao, Singapore Press Holdings, 2006-04-02, p. 4.
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