NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Archbishop Desmond Tutu

Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born October 7, 1931) is a South African cleric and activist who rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of apartheid. Tutu was the first black South African Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town, South Africa, and primate of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984. Download high resolution version (1200x1800, 96 KB)Desmond Tutu, provided by personal assistant Lavinia Browne; 1200 px X 1800 px, stated in public domain User:Alex756 received the following email in this regard: Return-path: <mpilo@iafrica. ... Download high resolution version (1200x1800, 96 KB)Desmond Tutu, provided by personal assistant Lavinia Browne; 1200 px X 1800 px, stated in public domain User:Alex756 received the following email in this regard: Return-path: <mpilo@iafrica. ... October 7 is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years). ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... A cleric is: A member of the clergy of a religion, especially one that has trained or ordained priests, preachers, or other religious professionals; or A member of a character class in Dungeons & Dragons and similar fantasy role-playing games. ... The 1980s decade refers to the years from 1980 to 1989, inclusive. ... Apartheid, which means separateness or apart-ness in Afrikaans, was a system of racial segregation that operated in South Africa from 1948 to 1990. ... The term Anglican (from Anglia, the Latin name for England) describes the people and churches that follow the religious traditions developed by the established Church of England. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop. ... City motto: Spes Bona (Latin: Good Hope) Province Western Cape Mayor Nomaindia Mfeketo Area - % water 1,644 kmÂ² 0. ... Primate (from the Latin Primus, first) is a title or rank bestowed on some bishops in certain Christian churches. ... The Church of the Province of Southern Africa is the Anglican province in the southern part of Africa, including dioceses in Angola, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Saint Helena, South Africa and Swaziland. ... The Nobel Peace Prize Medal featuring a portrait of Alfred Nobel The Nobel Peace Prize is one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

He is generally credited with coining the term Rainbow Nation as a metaphor to describe post-apartheidist South Africa after 1994 under ANC rule. The expression has since entered mainstream consciousness to describe South Africa's ethnic diversity. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... The African National Congress (ANC) is a centre-left political party, and has been South Africas governing party (in a coalition) since the establishment of majority rule in May 1994. ...

Background

Born in Klerksdorp, Transvaal, Tutu moved with his family to Johannesburg at age 12. Although he wanted to become a physician, his family could not afford the training and he followed his father's footsteps into teaching. Tutu studied at the Pretoria Bantu Normal College from 1951 through 1953. Tutu went on to teach at Johannesburg Bantu High School where he remained until 1957; he resigned following the passage of the Bantu Education Act, protesting the poor educational prospects for black South Africans. He continued his studies, this time in theology, and in 1960 was ordained as an Anglican priest. He became chaplain at the University of Fort Hare, a hotbed of dissent and one of the few quality universities for black students in the southern part of Africa. Klerksdorp is a city and administrative district located in the North West Province (formerly Western Transvaal), South Africa. ... Flag of Transvaal The Transvaal (lit. ... City motto: Unity in Development Province Gauteng Mayor Amos Masondo Area - % water 1,644 kmÂ² 0. ... Physician examining a child A physician is a person who practices medicine. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bantu Education Act of 1953 was a South African law which codified several aspects of the apartheid system. ... Theology is reasoned discourse concerning God (Greek Î¸ÎµÎ¿Ï‚, theos, God, + Î»Î¿Î³Î¿Ï‚, logos, word or reason). It can also refer to the study of other religious topics. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The term Anglican describes those people and churches following the religious traditions of the Church of England, especially following the Reformation. ... Roman Catholic priest LCDR Allen R. Kuss (USN) aboard USS Enterprise A priest or priestess is a holy man or woman who takes an officiating role in worship of any religion, with the distinguishing characteristic of offering sacrifices. ... A chaplain is typically a member of the clergy serving a group of people who are not organized as a mission or church, lay chaplains are also found in some settings such as universities. ... Fort Hare University is located on the Tyhume river in a South African town known as Alice in English or as eDikeni in the local isiXhosa language. ...

Tutu left his post as chaplain and travelled to King's College London, (1962–1966), where he received his Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Theology. He returned to South Africa and from 1967 until 1972 used his lectures to highlight the circumstances of the black population. He wrote a letter to Prime Minister Vorster, in which he described the situation in South Africa as a "powder barrel that can explode at any time." The letter was never answered. Kings College London in London is the largest and second longest member college in the federal University of London, with 21,300 registered students (2003-04). ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link goes to calendar) // Events January January 1 - In a coup, Colonel Jean-BÃ©del Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. ... A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three or four years. ... A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate or graduate course of one to three years in duration. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... B. J. Vorster Balthazar Johannes Vorster (December 13, 1915 - September 10, 1983), better known as John Vorster, was Prime Minister of South Africa from 1966 to 1978, and President from 1978 to 1979. ... Gunpowder, whether black powder or smokeless powder, is a substance that burns very rapidly and is used as a propellant in firearms. ...

In 1972 Tutu returned to the UK, where he was appointed vice-director of the Theological Education Fund of the World Council of Churches, at Bromley in Kent. He returned to South Africa in 1975 and was appointed Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral in Johannesburg—the first black person to hold that position. 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... The World Council of Churches (WCC) is the principal international Christian ecumenical organization. ... Bromley is the principal town in the London Borough of Bromley. ... Kent is a county in England, south-east of London. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar). ... In religious terminology, a dean is a title accorded to persons holding cartain positions of authority within a religious heirarchy. ... City motto: Unity in Development Province Gauteng Mayor Amos Masondo Area - % water 1,644 kmÂ² 0. ...

He has been married to Leah Nomalizo Tutu since 1955. They have four children: Trevor Thamsanqa, Theresa Thandeka, Naomi Nontombi and Mpho Andrea, all of whom attended the famous Waterford Kamhlaba School. Leah Nomalizo Tutu is the wife of South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... History A famous Swaziland school that encouraged tolerance and vigorous debate in the apartheid era in South Africa. ...

In 2000 Tutu received a L.H.D. from Bates College and in 2005, Tutu received an honorary degree from the University of North Florida, one of the many universities in North America and Europe where he has taught. This article is about the year 2000. ... Bates College is a private liberal arts college in Lewiston, Maine, in the United States. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... An honorary degree (Latin: honoris causa ad gradum) is an extra-ordinary academic degree awarded to an individual as a decoration, rather than as the result of matriculating and studying for several years. ... University of North Florida State University System of Florida FAMU FAU FGCU FIU FSU NCF UCF UF UNF USF UWF The University of North Florida (UNF) is a public university located in eastern Jacksonville, Florida. ...

Political work

In 1976 protest in Soweto, also known as the Soweto Riots, against the government's use of Afrikaans in black schools became a massive uprising against apartheid. From then on Tutu supported an economic boycott of his country. Desmond Tutu was Bishop of Lesotho from 1976 until 1978, when he became Secretary-General of the South African Council of Churches. From this position, he was able to continue his work against apartheid with agreement from nearly all churches. Tutu consistently advocated reconciliation between all parties involved in apartheid through his writings and lectures at home and abroad. 1976 (MCMLXXVI) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Johannesburg, including Soweto, from the International Space Station Soweto is an urban area in Johannesburg, in Gauteng province South Africa whose northern boundary begins about 15km south-west of central Johannesburg. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Afrikaans is a West Germanic language mainly spoken in South Africa and Namibia with smaller numbers of speakers in Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland, Zimbabwe and Zambia. ... A boycott is a refusal to buy, sell, or otherwise trade with an individual or business who is generally believed by the participants in the boycott to be doing something morally wrong. ... A bishop is an ordained member of the Christian clergy who, in certain Christian churches, holds a position of authority. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1978 calendar). ... A large number of international organizations and other bodies have a Secretary General or Secretary-General as their chief administrative officers or in other administrative capacities. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

On October 16, 1984, Tutu was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The Nobel Committee cited his "role as a unifying leader figure in the campaign to resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa."^[1] October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in Leap years). ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Nobel Peace Prize Medal featuring a portrait of Alfred Nobel The Nobel Peace Prize is one of five Nobel Prizes bequested by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel. ...

Tutu became the first black person to lead the Anglican Church in South Africa on September 7, 1986. In 1989 Tutu was invited to Birmingham, England, as part of Citywide Christian Celebrations. Tutu and his wife visited a number of establishments including Nelson Mandela School in Sparkbrook. September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... See also Birmingham, USA, and other places called Birmingham. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the British Isles Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area â€“ Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 kmÂ² Population â€“ Total (mid-2004) â€“ Total (2001 Census) â€“ Density Ranked 1st UK... Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, (born July 18, 1918), was the first democratically elected President of South Africa, having previously been a prominent anti-apartheid activist there. ... Sparkbrook and Small Heath constituency shown within Birmingham Sparkbrook is an area in south-east Birmingham, England. ...

After the fall of apartheid, he headed the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, for which he was awarded the Sydney Peace Prize in 1999. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was a court-like body assembled in South Africa after the end of Apartheid. ... The Sydney Peace Prize is awarded by the Sydney Peace Foundation, a not-for-profit organisation associated with the University of Sydney. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ...

In 2004, Tutu returned to the UK as Visiting Professor in Post-Conflict Societies at King's College and gave the Commemoration Oration, as part of the College's 175th anniversary. He also visited the students' union nightclub, named "Tutu's" in his honour and featuring a rare bust of his likeness. Kings College London in London is the largest and second longest member college in the federal University of London, with 21,300 registered students (2003-04). ...

Political views

Tutu believes the treatment of Palestinians by the Jewish state of Israel is a form of apartheid.^[2]^[3] He has repeatedly called upon the Israeli government to respect the human dignity of the Palestinian people, whether Muslim or Christian. In 2003 he became the patron of Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Center located in Jerusalem. The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ... A Muslim (Arabic: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…) (sometimes also spelled Moslem) is an adherent of Islam. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jerusalem Municipal Emblem Jerusalem (31Â°46â€²N 35Â°14â€²E; Hebrew: â–¶ (helpÂ· info); Yerushalayim; Greek Î™ÎµÏÎ¿ÏƒÏŒÎ»Ï…Î¼Î±; Arabic: â–¶ (helpÂ· info) al-Quds; (alternative Arabic found in Bible translations: Ø£ÙÙˆØ±Ù’Ø´ÙŽÙ„ÙÙŠÙ… Urshalim); see also names of Jerusalem) is an ancient Middle Eastern city. ...

The Nobel laureate also has expressed support for the West Papuan independence movement, criticizing the United Nations' role in the takeover of West Papua by Indonesia. Tutu said: "For many years the people of South Africa suffered under the yoke of oppression and apartheid. Many people continue to suffer brutal oppression, where their fundamental dignity as human beings is denied. One such people is the people of West Papua." Map showing West New Guinea region The region of West New Guinea is the western half of the island of New Guinea or Papua, and has also been known as Irian Jaya or West Papua. ... Main articles: League of Nations and History of the United Nations The term United Nations was coined by Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II, to refer to the Allies. ...

Tutu has also criticised human rights abuses in Zimbabwe, calling Zimbabwean president Robert Mugabe a "caricature of an African dictator", and criticising the South African government's policy of quiet diplomacy towards Zimbabwe. This page contains a list of presidents of Zimbabwe. ... Robert Mugabe Robert Gabriel Mugabe KCB (born February 21, 1924) has been the head of government in Zimbabwe, first as Prime Minister and later as first executive President, since 1980. ...

Commenting days after the August 5, 2003 election of Gene Robinson, an openly gay man to be a bishop in the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, Desmond Tutu said, “In our Church here in South Africa, that doesn’t make a difference. We just say that at the moment, we believe that they should remain celibate and we don’t see what the fuss is about.”^[4] August 5 is the 217th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (218th in leap years), with 148 days remaining. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Bishop Robinson The Rt. ... In modern society, gay is a word which can be used as either a noun or adjective. ... The Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in Washington DC is the National Cathedral of the Episcopal Church in the United States of America. ...

In January 2005, Tutu added his voice to the growing dissent over terrorist suspects held at Camp X-Ray in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, referring to detentions without trial as "utterly unacceptable." 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Camp Delta. ... It has been suggested that the corresponding part of this article or section be merged into Camp Delta. ...

He also used the opportunity to decry homophobia and called for the acceptance of gay bishop Rt Rev Gene Robinson. The term homophobia literally means an irrational fear of or contempt for homosexuality or homosexuals. It is derivable from the words homosexual and phobia (meaning panic fear in Greek). ... Bishop Robinson The Rt. ...

On April 20, 2005, following the election of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger as Pope Benedict XVI, Tutu said he was sad that The Roman Catholic Church was unlikely to change its opposition to condoms amidst the fight against HIV/AIDS in Africa: "We would have hoped for someone more open to the more recent developments in the world, the whole question of the ministry of women and a more reasonable position with regards to condoms and HIV/AIDS."^[6] April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Pope Benedict XVI (Latin: ), born Joseph Alois Ratzinger on April 16, 1927 in Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany, is the 265th and reigning pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, and sovereign of Vatican City State. ... Pope Benedict XVI (Latin: ), born Joseph Alois Ratzinger on April 16, 1927 in Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany, is the 265th and reigning pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, and sovereign of Vatican City State. ... The Roman Catholic Church, (also known as the Catholic Church), is the ancient Christian Church led by the Pope, the Bishop of Rome. ... A condom sealed in typical packaging A condom is a device, usually made of latex, that is used during sexual intercourse to reduce the risk of pregnancy and/or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as gonorrhea, syphilis and HIV. Condoms are also often used to keep a sex toy clean... Human immunodeficiency virus, commonly known by the initialism HIV, is a retrovirus that primarily infects vital components of the human immune system such as CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. ... Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. ...

Trivia

The British undergraduate degree classification system is a grading scheme used to distinguish between the achievements of undergraduate degree holders (such as those gaining bachelors degrees or undergraduate masters degrees) in the United Kingdom. ...

Notes

Bibliography

Primary

Tutu is the author of six collections of sermons and other writings: A sermon is an oration by a prophet or member of the clergy. ...

1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Secondary

External links

Categories: South African people | 1931 births | Nobel Peace Prize winners | South African prelates | Anglican archbishops | Social justice | Alumni of King's College London | Pro-life celebrities Image File history File links i would like to see some quotations by or about goebbels. ... Wikiquote logo Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ... December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

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