The Archbishopric of Warmia (formerly Bishopric of Warmia) (Polish: Archidiecezja warmińska, Latin: Archidioecesis Varmiensis, German: Erzbistum Ermland) is a bishopric in Poland. It was created by a papal legate in the 13th century in the newly conquered territory of Prussia. The name Warmia came from a tribe of Baltic Prussians. Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... In some Christian churches, the diocese is an administrative territorial unit governed by a bishop, sometimes also referred to as a bishopric or episcopal see, though more often the term episcopal see means the office held by the bishop. ... A Papal Legate -from the Latin, authentic Roman title Legatus- is a personal representative of the Pope to the nations, or rather to some part of the universal church. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... The Prussian people, or (old) Prussians, were Indo-European Balts inhabiting the area around the Curonian and Vistula Lagoons (i. ... Warmia (Polish: Warmia or Warmija, Latin: Warmia or Varmia, German: Ermland or Ermeland) is a region between Pomerania and Masuria in northeastern Poland. ... The Baltic Sea The Balts or Baltic peoples have lived around the eastern coast of Mare Suebicum, or Baltic Sea (Tacitus, AD 98) since ancient times. ... The Prussian people, or (old) Prussians, were Indo-European Balts inhabiting the area around the Curonian and Vistula Lagoons (i. ...

History

Territory of the Teutonic Order, 1242-1266

Along with Culmland, Pomesania and Sambia, Warmia was one of four dioceses created in 1242 by the papal legate William of Modena. All four dioceses came under the rule of the Archbishop of Riga. Warmia later became an exempt bishopric, ruled by prince-bishops. Some of its most notable prince-bishops were Lucas Watzenrode, uncle of the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, and Enea Silvio Piccolomini, the later Pope Pius II. CheÅ‚mno Land or Culmland (Polish: Ziemia CheÅ‚miÅ„ska, German: Kulmerland) is a historical region in central Poland bounded by the Vistula and DrwÄ™ca rivers. ... Pomesania is the former name of an area now in northern Poland, in the vicinity of the cities of Elblag (Elbing) and Malbork (Marienburg), to the east of the lower Vistula river. ... Sambia or the Sambian Peninsula (Russian: semlyandskiy poluostrov, German: Samland) is the name of a peninsula in the Baltic Sea. ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... // Events April 5 - During a battle on the ice of Chudskoye Lake, Russian forces rebuff an invasion attempt by the Teutonic Knights. ... A Papal Legate -from the Latin, authentic Roman title Legatus- is a personal representative of the Pope to the nations, or rather to some part of the universal church. ... William of Modena, Bishop of Modena in 1221, was frequently appointed a legate, or papal ambassador by the popes Honorius III and Gregory IX, especially in Livonia in the 1220s and in the Prussian questions of the 1240s. ... The Archbishops of Riga (1202) 1255-1561 were the secular rulers of Riga, the capital of Livonia (now known as Latvia). ... Prince-Bishop was the title given bishops who held secular powers, beside their inherent clerical power. ... Lucas Watzenrode (Łukasz) was born 1400 in Toruń and died in Toruń in 1462. ... Nicolaus Copernicus (MikoÅ‚aj Kopernik) MikoÅ‚aj Kopernik (February 19, 1473 – May 24, 1543), more commonly known by the Latin form Nicolaus Copernicus, was a Polish[1] astrologer, astronomer, mathematician, administrator and economist. ... Pius II, né Enea Silvio Piccolomini, in Latin Aeneas Sylvius (October 18, 1405 – August 14, 1464) was pope from 1458 to 1464. ...

As part of Poland

The Peace of Toruń in 1466 removed the bishopric from the protectorate of the Teutonic Knights and placed it under the sovereignty of the King of Poland. The bishopric was one of the administrative units on the borders of Royal Prussia. This was confirmed in the Treaty of Piotrkow (December 7, 1512), which conceded to the King of Poland a limited influence in the election of bishops. The bishopric became a part of a Polish province of the Catholic Church and bishops were usually Poles. By the late 18th century, the prince-bishop was an ex officio Senator of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Second Peace of ToruÅ„. (Discuss) Peace of Thorn 1466 (also Peace of ToruÅ„ 1466 or the Second Peace of Thorn) was a peace treaty signed on 19 October 1466 in Thorn (ToruÅ„) between Poland and the Teutonic Order... Poland was ruled by dukes (c. ... Map of Royal Prussia Royal Prussia (Polish: Prusy Królewskie, German: Königliches Preussen) was a Polish province formed from the western part of the Lands of the Teutonic Order following the Thirteen Years War or War of the Cities. During the war, the Prussian Confederation, led by the cities... December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events April 11 - Battle of Ravenna. ... A voivodship (in Polish województwo) has been a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland since the 14th century. ... The Roman Catholic Church believes its founding was based on Jesus appointment of Saint Peter as the primary church leader, later Bishop of Rome. ... This page includes English translations of several Latin phrases and abbreviations such as . ... A senate is a deliberative body, often the upper house or chamber of a legislature. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

Image File history File links Warmia (Ermland) in 1547 in borders of Kingdom of Poland File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

As part of East Prussia

As a result of the First Partition of Poland in 1772, Warmia was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia's province of East Prussia. The bishopric ceased to be a governmental unit, and the Prussian king confiscated its property. The last prince-bishop, the noted Polish author Ignacy Krasicki, though deprived of temporal authority, retained influence at the Prussian court before his reappointment as Archbishop of Gniezno in 1795. The Partitions of Poland (Polish Rozbiór or Rozbiory Polski) happened in the 18th century and ended the existence of a sovereign state of Poland (or more correctly the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth). ... 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Flag of Prussia (1894 - 1918) The Kingdom of Prussia existed from 1701 until 1918, and from 1871 was the leading kingdom of the German Empire, comprising in its last form almost two-thirds of the area of the Empire. ... East Prussia (German: Ostpreu en; Polish: Prusy Wschodnie; Russian: Восточная Пруссия — Vostochnaya Prussiya) was a province of Kingdom of Prussia, situated on the territory of former Ducal Prussia. ... Ignacy Krasicki Ignacy Krasicki (February 3, 1735, in Galicia — March 14, 1801, in Berlin) was a Polish prince of the Roman Catholic Church, a social critic, a leading writer, and the outstanding poet of the Polish Enlightenment, hailed by contemporaries as the Prince of Poets. ... For alternate uses of time, see Time (disambiguation) or see TIME (magazine). ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop heading a diocese of particular importance due to either its size, history, or both, called an archdiocese. ... Motto: none Voivodship Greater Poland Municipal government Mayor Jaromir Dziel Area 40,9 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 71 040 none 1737/km² Founded City rights 8th century 1239 Latitude Longitude 52°32 N 17°36 E Area code +48 61 Car plates PGN Twin towns Anagni, Esztergom, Falkenberg, Saint... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Thereafter, the Bishops of Warmia were nominated by the Lutheran Prussian government and Catholic institutions were suppressed. Most bishops appointed after the Partitions of Poland were nationalist Germans who supported the Germanisation policy of the time. The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ...

In 1829 the diocese was extended to cover the areas lost during the Reformation, as well as the whole of the former Diocese of Sambia and five deaneries of the former Diocese of Pomesania. In 1854 the country surrounding Kwidzyn was also incorporated to the diocese. 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Protestant Reformation was a movement which began in the 16th century as a series of attempts to reform the Roman Catholic Church, but ended in division and the establishment of new institutions, most importantly Lutheranism, Reformed churches, and Anabaptists. ... Sambia or the Sambian Peninsula (Russian: semlyandskiy poluostrov, German: Samland) is the name of a peninsula in the Baltic Sea. ... Pomesania is the former name of an area now in northern Poland, in the vicinity of the cities of Elblag (Elbing) and Malbork (Marienburg), to the east of the lower Vistula river. ... 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Coat of Arms of Kwidzyn Kwidzyn (German Marienwerder) is a town in northern Poland on the Liwa River, with 39,300 inhabitants (1995). ...

In 1901 the population of the diocese was about 2,000,000, including 327,567 Catholics. 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

World War II and after

During the Second World War, Nazi Germany engaged in atrocities against the Polish population. Many Warmiaks and Polish intellectuals and activists were murdered, such as Seweryn Pieniężny and Leon Włodarczak. Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... The Warmiak are a Polish ethnic group from Warmia, mostly Roman Catholics. ...

Maximilian Kaller, the Bishop of Ermland (Warmia), was forced to leave his office by the Nazi Schutzstaffel in February 1945, as the Soviet Red Army advanced into Germany. After the Second World War, the Potsdam Agreement returned the southern portion of the diocese to Poland, while the northern part was annexed by the Soviet Union into the Kaliningrad Oblast; the German population was subject to expulsion. Maximilian Kaller, Bishop of Ermland, was born in 1880 in Beuthen, Upper Silesia, Germany. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Nazism. ... The infamous double-sig rune SS insignia. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The short forms Red Army and RKKA refer to the Workers and Peasants Red Army, (Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия - Raboche-Krestyanskaya Krasnaya Armiya in Russian), the armed forces organised by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918. ... The Potsdam Agreement, or the Potsdam Proclamation, was an agreement on policy for the occupation and reconstruction of Germany and other nations after fighting in the European Theatre of World War II had ended with the German surrender of May 8, 1945. ... Map of the Kaliningrad Oblast Kaliningrad Oblast (Russian: Калининградская область), informally called Yantarny kray (Russian:Янтарный Край - meaning Amber region) is an administrative division (oblast) of Russia on the Baltic coast, with no land connection to the rest of Russia: an enclave of the European Union. ... The expulsion of Germans after World War II was the mass deportation of people considered Germans (both Reichsdeutsche and Volksdeutsche) from Soviet-occupied areas outside the Soviet occupation zone of Germany, and is a major part of the German exodus from Eastern Europe after World War II. The process, which...

Kaller returned to the region to resume his office of bishop, but the Polish population was opposed to a German bishop after the German wartime atrocities. Cardinal August Hlond prevented Kaller from resuming his duties, and Kaller went to West Germany. In 1946 he received "Special Authority as Bishop for the Deported Germans" from Pope Pius XII. August Hlond August Hlond (1888-1948), was since 1926 Archbishop of Gniezno and Poznan and primate (highest ranking church official) in Poland, since 1946 Archbishop of Warsaw. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Pope Pius XII (Latin: ), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (March 2, 1876 – October 9, 1958), reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City from March 2, 1939 to 1958. ...

The office of Bishop of Warmia was left vacant until the appointment of Józef Drzazga in 1972. On March 25, 1992, the Bishopric of Warmia was raised to an archbishopric. The current archbishop is Edmund Michał Piszcz. 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop heading a diocese of particular importance due to either its size, history, or both, called an archdiocese. ... Edmund MichaÅ‚ Piszcz (b. ...

See also

• Bishops of Warmia

Prince Bishops / Bishops of Warmia: 1250-1274 Anselm of Meissen 1278-1300 Heinrich I Fleming 1301-1326 Eberhard of Neisse 1327-1328 Jordan 1329-1334 Heinrich II Wogenap 1337-1349 Herman of Prague 1350-1355 Joannes I of Meissen 1355-1373 Joannes II Stryprock 1373-1401 Heinrich III Sorbom 1401...

External links

• Archdiocese of Warmia at Catholic-Hierarchy
• Memorial website, listing names of the dead