Archduke Karl Pius of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungry and Bohemia, Prince of Tuscany (4 December 1909 - 24 December 1953), called Carlos Pio de Habsburgo-Lorena y de Borbón in Spain, was a member of the Tuscan branch of the Imperial House of Habsburg and a Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain. is the 338th day of the year (339th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 358th day of the year (359th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 7 - President Harry S. Truman announces the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... Carlism restored the cross of Burgundy assimilated by the Spanish Bourbons through the Spanish Habsburgs and used as flag of the Spanish empire. ...

Birth and early life

Karl was born in Vienna, Austria, the youngest son of Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria (1863-1931) and of his wife Blanca de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma (1868-1949). His mother was the eldest daughter of Carlos, Duke of Madrid, Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain. For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... Carlos de Bourbon, Duke of Madrid (1848 - 1909) was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain, and later the Legitimist claimant to the throne of France. ...

Karl was given the baptismal names Karl Pius Maria Adelgonde Blanka Leopold Ignaz Raphael Michael Salvator Kyrill Angelus Barbara. His godparents were Pope Pius X and the Countess of Bardi, born Infanta Adelgunde of Portugal. Pope St. ...

Karl grew up in the Palais Toscana which formerly stood in Argentinierstrasse in Vienna. In 1919 the republican government of Austria confiscated all the properties of the Habsburgs. Karl moved with his family first to Tenuta Reale, a villa belonging to his mother's family near Viareggio in Italy. Then they moved to Barcelona in Spain. In 1926 he was given Spanish nationality. Viareggio is a town in the province of Lucca, situated on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea in the north of Tuscany, Italy. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ...

After completing high-school Karl entered the Industrial Engineering School. He returned to Austria in the early 1930s and joined the Heimwehr, a conservative militia which engaged in street fights with Communists and Socialists. The Heimwehr (German Home Guard) were a Nationalist, initially paramilitary grouping, operating within Austria during the 1920s and 1930s; they were similar in methods, organisation, and ideology to Germanys Freikorp. ...

The cruzadistas

In 1932 a section of the Carlist movement, called cruzadistas from the name of the magazine El Cruzado Español, began to entrust their hopes for the future of Carlism to the sons of Blanca de Borbón. At the time the Carlist claimant Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime, Karl's great-uncle, was in his eighties and childless. There were no other male-line descendants of the first Carlist claimant Carlos V. The cruzadistas (along with the majority of Carlists) held that Alfonso, constitutional king of Spain, and his sons were excluded from the succession on account of their liberalism. The cruzadistas also believed that the more junior male lines of the House of Bourbon were also permanently excluded from the Spanish succession; some, like the Bourbon-Sicilies, were held to be excluded because they had recognised Alfonso as constitutional king of Spain, while others, like the Bourbon-Parmas, were held to be excluded because of French nationality. Alfonso Carlos of Bourbon, Duke of San Jaime Alfonso Carlos de Bourbon, Duke of San Jaime (London 12 September 1849-Vienna 29 September 1936) was the Legitimist claimant to the throne of France and the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain. ... Infante Carlos of Spain Don Carlos María Isidro Benito de Borbón, Infante of Spain (1788-1855) was the second surviving son of King Charles IV of Spain and of his wife, Maria Louisa of Parma. ... Alfonso XIII (May 17, 1886 – February 28, 1941), King of Spain, posthumous son of Alfonso XII of Spain, was proclaimed King at his birth. ... Also see:  Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. ...

Since the cruzadistas believed that there were no more male members of the House of Bourbon eligible to succeed to the Spanish throne, they held that the Carlist claim should pass at the death of Alfonso Carlos to the sons of his closest female relative, Blanca de Borbón. This was a minority view in the Carlist movement, and one which was condemned by Alfonso Carlos himself.

As long as Alfonso Carlos lived, Blanca and her sons, including Karl, were hesitant to press their claims. When Alfonso Carlos died in 1936, Karl at first supported the regent of the Carlist Communion, Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma, who had been appointed by Alfonso Carlos. In the confused circumstances of the Spanish Civil War Karl did not make any immediate claim to the throne. Francisco Javier de Borbón y Braganza (Francis Xavier of Bourbon and Bragança). ... Not to be confused with the Spanish Civil War of 1820-1823. ...

Carlist claimant

On June 29, 1943 Karl issued a manifesto in which he claimed to be the legitimate successor to the Spanish throne. At the time, he had three older brothers still living, but none of these had shown an interest in claiming the throne for himself. In 1947 Karl's older brothers Leopold and Franz Joseph formally renounced their rights in New York. In 1948 his other brother Anton verbally renounced his rights in Barcelona. is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the state. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ...

Karl was recognised by his supporters as Carlos VIII; his movement is therefore called carloctavismo. He used the title Duke of Madrid as his grandfather had done. Karl received the support of some of the most conservative Carlist leaders. He also received a certain level of support from some of General Franco's officials in the Movimiento Nacional; the followers of the Carlist regent Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma claimed that the Francoist support was merely an attempt to divide Carlists. “Franco” redirects here. ... The Movimiento Nacional (National Movement) was the name given to the fascist inspired mechanism during Francoist rule in Spain, which pretended to be the only cause of participation to Spanish public life. ...

Karl moved to Andorra and then returned to Barcelona. Between 1944 and 1951 he gave out fourteen titles of nobility; he also named members to the Order of Proscribed Legitimacy and the Order of Santa Maria of the Lily of Navarre. He established a new order of merit named in honour of Saint Charles Borromeo. In 1952 he awarded the collar of this order to General Franco and the grand cross of the order to Cardinal Federico Tedeschini, papal legate to the International Eucharistic Congress in Barcelona. For the Indian sprinter, see Charles Borromeo (Indian athlete). ... Federico Cardinal Tedeschini (October 12, 1873—November 2, 1959) was an Italian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. ... The 1932 International Eucharistic Congress in Dublin, from the Congress Pictorial Record Eucharistic Congresses are gatherings of clergy and laymen for adoring and evangelising the Holy Eucharist. ...

Marriage and family

On May 8, 1938 in St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna, Karl married Christa Satzger de Bálványos (1914-2001), daughter of Geza Satzger de Bálványos and of his wife Maria Alexandrina Friedmann. The marriage was morganatic, and the children born to it had no dynastic rights of succession. is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article cites its sources but does not provide page references. ... A morganatic marriage is a type of marriage which can be contracted in certain countries, usually between persons of unequal social rank (unebenbürtig in German), which prevents the passage of the husbands titles and privileges to the wife and any children born of the marriage. ...

Karl and Christa had two daughters:

• Alejandra Blanca (born January 20, 1941, at Viareggio)
• Maria Inmaculada Pia (born July 3, 1945, at Barcelona)

On November 30, 1990 Alejandra and Inmaculada were given the title Countess of Habsburg (German: Gräfin von Habsburg) by Archduke Otto of Austria. is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... Viareggio is a town in the province of Lucca, situated on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea in the north of Tuscany, Italy. ... is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ...

Christa left Karl in 1949. In December 1950 they received a civil divorce in Reno, Nevada. On January 4, 1951 Karl initiated a process petitioning for an ecclesiastical decree of nullity; the case had not been resolved at his death. Reno redirects here. ... is the 4th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Death

Karl died of a cerebral hemorrhage December 24, 1953, in Barcelona, Spain. Several funeral masses were celebrated for him, including one on January 16, 1954 in Madrid, attended by numerous government officials and members of the diplomatic corps. He was buried in the Monastery of Santa Maria de Poblet. is the 358th day of the year (359th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 7 - President Harry S. Truman announces the United States has developed a hydrogen bomb. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the Spanish capital. ... The Monastery of Santa Maria de Poblet is a Cistercian monastery, founded in 1151, located in the comarca of Conca de Barberà, in Catalonia (Spain). ...

Bibliography

• Las Heras y Borrero, Francisco de. Carlos de Habsburgo, un pretendiente desconocido: El otro candidato de Franco. Madrid: Dykinson, 2004.

• Montells y Galán, José Maria de. "The Other Dynasty". See especially part two "From Carlos VIII to Francisco José I".

• "Archduke Carlos of Spain, Was 44". The New York Times (December 25, 1953): 17.

• Obituary of Christina Sandor