Archer Daniels Midland Company
Type	Public (NYSE: ADM)
Founded	Minneapolis, Minnesota (1902)
Headquarters	Decatur, Illinois
Key people	Patricia A. Woertz, Chairman, CEO & President
Industry	Agribusiness, Agriculture, Food industry
Products	foods, beverages, feed, ethanol, bioenergy
Revenue	$44 billion USD (2007)
Employees	Over 27,000(June 30, 2007)
Website	www.admworld.com

The Archer Daniels Midland Company (NYSE: ADM), based in Decatur, Illinois, operates more than 270 plants worldwide, where cereal grains and oilseeds are processed into numerous products used in food, beverage, nutraceutical, industrial and animal feed markets worldwide. Image File history File links Archer Daniels Midland logo File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), nicknamed the Big Board, is a New York City-based stock exchange. ... “Minneapolis” redirects here. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Decatur Transfer House in the background with a newly completed fountain in the foreground. ... Patricia Ann Woertz became CEO of Archer Daniel Midland in 2006, beating out 4 male competitors. ... In agriculture, agribusiness is a generic term that refers to the various businesses involved in the food production chain, including farming, seed, agrichemicals, farm machinery, wholesaling, processing, distribution, and retail sales. ... The food industry is the complex, global collective of diverse businesses that together supply much of the food energy consumed by the world population. ... The word drink is primarily a verb, meaning to ingest liquids, see Drinking. ... Fodder growing from barley In agriculture, fodder or animal feed is any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed domesticated livestock, including cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. ... Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, drinking alcohol or grain alcohol, is a flammable, colorless, slightly toxic chemical compound, and is best known as the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. ... Bioenergy is renewable energy made available from materials derived from biological sources. ... For the tax agency in the United Kingdom of the same name, see HM Revenue and Customs. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... ISO 4217 Code USD User(s) the United States, the British Indian Ocean Territory,[1] the British Virgin Islands, East Timor, Ecuador, El Salvador, the Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Caicos Islands, and the insular areas of the United States Inflation 2. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... For the album by the Kaiser Chiefs see Employment (album) Employment is a contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... A website (alternatively, Web site or web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos and other digital assets that is hosted on one or several Web server(s), usually accessible via the Internet, cell phone or a LAN. A Web page is a document, typically written in HTML... The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), nicknamed the Big Board, is a New York City-based stock exchange. ... The Decatur Transfer House in the background with a newly completed fountain in the foreground. ... This article is about cereals in general. ... Vegetable oil or vegoil is fat extracted from plant sources. ... The word drink is primarily a verb, meaning to ingest liquids, see Drinking. ... Nutraceutical is a portmanteau of [Nutrition] and [pharmaceutical] and refers to foods thought to have a beneficial effect on human health. ... For other uses, see Animal (disambiguation). ... Fodder growing from barley In agriculture, fodder or animal feed is any foodstuff that is used specifically to feed domesticated livestock, including cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. ...

ADM also provides agricultural storage and transportation services. Company divisions include: ADM Cocoa, ADM Corn Processing, ADM Food Additives, ADM Lecithin, ADM Milling, ADM Monoglycerides, ADM Vitamin E, ADM Protein Specialties, ADM Food Oils. The American River Transportation Company along with ADM Trucking, Inc are subsidiaries of ADM. ADM's revenues for fiscal 2007 (ending June 30, 2007) were US $44 billion. Cocoa beans in a cacao pod Cocoa is the dried and partially fermented fatty seed of the cacao tree from which chocolate is made. ... Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or improve its taste and appearance. ... Phosphatidylcholine, a phospholipid in lecithin. ... A factory (previously manufactory) is a large industrial building where goods or products are manufactured. ... General chemical structure of a monoglyceride. ... Tocopherol, or Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble vitamin in eight forms that is an important antioxidant. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... The American River Transportation Company, or ARTCO, is a subsidiary of the Archer Daniels Midland company. ... For the tax agency in the United Kingdom of the same name, see HM Revenue and Customs. ... is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from...

[edit] Products

Typical products include oils and meal from soybeans, cottonseed, sunflower seeds, canola, peanuts, flaxseed, and Diacylglycerol (DAG) oil, as well as corn germ, syrup, starch, glucose, dextrose, crystalline dextrose, High fructose corn syrup sweeteners, ethyl alcohol, and wheat flour. End uses are consumption by people and livestock, and fuel additives. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with cooking oil. ... For the coarsely ground flour, see flour. ... Binomial name (L.) Merr. ... Cotton ready for harvest. ... Binomial name L. The sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is an annual plant native to the Americas in the family Asteraceae, with a large flowering head (inflorescence). ... In agriculture, Canola is a trademarked cultivar of genetically engineered rapeseed variants from which rapeseed oil is obtained. ... Binomial name L. This article is about the legume. ... Binomial name Linum usitatissimum L. Linnaeus, 17?? Common flax (also known as linseed) is a member of the Linaceae family, which includes about 150 plant species widely distributed around the world. ... Diacylglycerol (DAG) oil is a cooking oil in which the ratio of triglycerides to DAG is shifted to contain mostly DAG, unlike conventional cooking oils, which are rich in TAG. Vegetable DAG oil, for example, contains 80% DAG[1] and is used as a 1:1 replacement for liquid vegetable... In cooking, a syrup (from Arabic شراب sharab, beverage, via Latin siropus) is a thick, viscous liquid, containing a large amount of dissolved sugars, but showing little tendency to deposit crystals. ... Starch (CAS# 9005-25-8) is a complex carbohydrate which is insoluble in water; it is used by plants as a way to store excess glucose. ... Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar), is the most important carbohydrate in biology. ... A space-filling model of glucose Glucose, a simple monosaccharide sugar, is one of the most important carbohydrates and is used as a source of energy in animals and plants. ... High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) refers to a group of corn syrups which have undergone enzymatic processing in order to increase their fructose content and are then mixed with pure corn syrup (100% glucose) to reach their final form. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Sugar substitute. ... Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, drinking alcohol or grain alcohol, is a flammable, colorless, slightly toxic chemical compound, and is best known as the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. ... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. compactum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 For the indie rock group see: Wheat (band). ... For other uses, see Flour (disambiguation). ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ... Fuel imports in 2005 Fuel is any material that is capable of releasing energy when its chemical or physical structure is altered. ...

Long known as a food and ingredients company, ADM has recently shifted increasing resources towards fuel production. According to Foodprocessing.com, a food industry trade publication, ADM nearly doubled capital spending in its 2007 budget to an estimated $1.12 billion. All of the increase is planned for bioenergy projects, with a particular focus on ethanol and biodiesel.^[1] Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, drinking alcohol or grain alcohol, is a flammable, colorless, slightly toxic chemical compound, and is best known as the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. ... In some countries, filling stations sell biodiesel more cheaply than conventional diesel. ...

[edit] History

In 1902, George A. Archer and John W. Daniels began a linseed crushing business. In 1923, Archer-Daniels Linseed Company acquired Midland Linseed Products Company, and the Archer Daniels Midland Company was formed. Every decade since its corporate inception, ADM has added at least one major profit center to its agribusiness: milling, processing, specialty feed ingredients, specialty food ingredients, cocoa, nutrition, and more. John W. Daniels (1858? - June 8, 1931) was a co-founder of Archer Daniels Midland. ...

In September 1999, executive Marty Andreas announced that, under pressure from the European agricultural industry, they were going to separate crops into genetically modified and non-genetically modified groups to give their customers a choice. Previously the company had not disclosed their crop sources. A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using the genetic engineering techniques generally known as recombinant DNA technology. ...

In May 2006, Patricia A. Woertz became CEO. Formerly of Chevron, she is expected to focus on developing ethanol and biofuels. In February of 2007 she became Chairman of the Board at ADM. Patricia Ann Woertz became CEO of Archer Daniel Midland in 2006, beating out 4 male competitors. ... Chevron Corporation (NYSE: CVX) is one of the worlds largest global energy companies. ... Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, drinking alcohol or grain alcohol, is a flammable, colorless, slightly toxic chemical compound, and is best known as the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. ... For articles on specific fuels used in vehicles, see Biogas, Bioethanol, Biobutanol, Biodiesel, and Straight vegetable oil. ...

[edit] Price fixing

In 1996, ADM was the subject of a lysine price fixing investigation by the U.S. Justice Department. Senior ADM executives were indicted on criminal charges for engaging in price-fixing within the international lysine market. Three of ADM's top officials, including vice chairman Michael Andreas, were eventually sentenced to federal prison in 1999. Moreover, the company was fined $100 million, the largest antitrust fine in U.S. history at the time(1997).^[2] In addition, according to ADM's 2005 annual report a settlement was reached under which ADM paid $400 million in 2005 to settle a class action antitrust suit.^[3] Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... The Lysine price-fixing conspiracy of 1999 resulted in fines and two-year prison sentences for executives of a major agricultural company who colluded to fix prices on an called animal feed additive based on lysine. ... DOJ headquarters in Washington, D.C. Justice Department redirects here. ... Lysine is one of the 20 amino acids normally found in proteins. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ...

Using the investigation as an example, Ronald W. Cotterill of the Food Marketing Policy Center at the University of Connecticut shows that 100 percent or more of overcharges resulting from price fixing are passed through to consumers.^[4] The University of Connecticut, commonly known as UConn, is the State of Connecticuts land-grant university. ...

Howard Buffett, son of billionaire Warren Buffett, served at one time as an ADM vice president and as a member of the Board of Directors. However, Buffett resigned as VP in the wake of the FBI price fixing investigation.^{[citation needed]} In addition, he has since resigned his seat on the board.^{[citation needed]} To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Warren Edward Buffett (b. ... In relation to a company, a director is an officer (that is, someone who works for the company) charged with the conduct and management of its affairs. ...

[edit] Environmental record

Archer Daniels Midland has a been the subject of several major federal lawsuits related to air pollution. In 2001 the company agreed to pay a $1.46 million fine for violating federal and Illinois clean-air regulations at its Decatur feed plant and to spend $1.6 million to reduce air pollution there. ^[5] In 2003, ADM settled federal air pollution complaints related to the companies efforts to avoid New Source Review provisions of the Clean Air Act that require pollution control upgrades when a plant is modernized. The company paid $4.5 million in penalties and more than $6 million to support environmental projects. In addition, ADM agreed to eliminate more than 60,000 tons of emissions of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, organic volatile chemicals and other pollutants from 42 plants in 17 states at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars.^[6] This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

[edit] Criticism of ADM

ADM's receipt of federal agribusiness subsidies have come under criticism. According to the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank, "ADM has cost the American economy billions of dollars since 1980 and has indirectly cost Americans tens of billions of dollars in higher prices and higher taxes over that same period. At least 43 percent of ADM's annual profits are from products heavily subsidized or protected by the American government. Moreover, every $1 of profits earned by ADM's corn sweetener operation costs consumers $10, and every $1 of profits earned by its ethanol operation costs taxpayers $30."^[7] In agriculture, agribusiness is a generic term that refers to the various businesses involved in the food production chain, including farming, seed, agrichemicals, farm machinery, wholesaling, processing, distribution, and retail sales. ... A subsidy is generally a monetary grant given by government in support of an activity regarded as being in the public interest. ... The Cato Institute is a libertarian think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Institutes stated mission is to broaden the parameters of public policy debate to allow consideration of the traditional American principles of limited government, individual liberty, free markets, and peace by striving to achieve greater involvement... See also Libertarianism and Libertarian Party Libertarian,is a term for person who has made a conscious and principled commitment, evidenced by a statement or Pledge, to forswear violating others rights and usually living in voluntary communities: thus in law no longer subject to government supervision. ... This article is about the institution. ... Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, drinking alcohol or grain alcohol, is a flammable, colorless, slightly toxic chemical compound, and is best known as the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. ...

ADM's lobbying and campaign contributions have encouraged the continuation of the United States federal sugar program (of trade barriers and price supports) by Congress, costing US consumers roughly $3 billion a year.^{[citation needed]} ADM also lobbied to create and perpetuate federal ethanol subsidies. Some commentators have concluded that the ADM experience demonstrates the need for campaign finance reform.^{[citation needed]} Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, drinking alcohol or grain alcohol, is a flammable, colorless, slightly toxic chemical compound, and is best known as the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. ... Political campaign Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Campaign finance reform is the common term for the political effort in the United States to change the involvement of money in politics, primarily in political campaigns. ...

ADM advertises on national television, although it does not sell directly to consumers. According to the company, its "Resourceful by Nature" 2006 television advertising campaign is intended to demonstrate "...[the] relationship between ADM and the farmer — and its importance to the [US] economy and [US] way of life."

In July 2005, the International Labor Rights Fund filed suit against the Nestle, Archer Daniels Midland, and Cargill companies in Federal District Court in Los Angeles on behalf of a class of Malian children who were trafficked from Mali into the Ivory Coast and forced to work twelve to fourteen hours a day with no pay, little food and sleep, and frequent beatings. The three children acting as class representative plaintiffs are proceeding anonymously, as John Does, because of feared retaliation by the farm owners where they worked. The complaint alleges their involvement in the trafficking, torture, and forced labor of children who cultivate and harvest cocoa beans which the companies import from Africa.^{[citation needed]} To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Nestlé S.A. or Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. (SWX:NESN), headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland, is the worlds biggest food and beverage company. ... Cargill, Incorporated is a privately held, multinational corporation, and is based in the state of Minnesota in the United States. ... Côte dIvoire (often called Ivory Coast in English; see below about the name) is a country in West Africa. ...

[edit] References

1. ^ Fusaro, Dave. "ADM’s big bet on fuel". Foodprocessing.com. Retrieved on June 6, 2007.
2. ^ Hunter-Gault, Charlayne. "ADM: Who's Next?" MacNeil/Lehrer Newshour. PBS. October 15, 1996. See transcript here [1]
3. ^ Archer Daniels Midland Company. 2005 Annual Report. p. 52, note 15. See report at [2]
4. ^ Cotterill, Ronald W. "Estimation of Cost Pass Through to Michigan Consumers in the ADM Price Fixing Case". University of Connecticut. 1998. See paper at [3]
5. ^ "Archer Daniels Fined Over Clean-Air Rules." The Los Angeles Times, January 13, 2001.
6. ^ 2 Companies Said to Agree To Settle Suits on Emission. The New York Times, April 9, 2003. Retrieved on June 6, 2007.
7. ^ Bovard, James. "Archer Daniels Midland: A Case Study In Corporate Welfare". Cato Policy Analysis No. 241. CATO Institute. September 26, 1995. See study at [4]

[edit] External links

• Archer Daniels Midland website
• International Labor Rights Fund
• Patents owned by Archer Daniels Midland. US Patent & Trademark Office. Retrieved on December 6, 2005.
• Archer Daniels Midland: The Exxon of corn? - 2006 Grist Magazine article
• Archer Daniels Midland (ADM): Trade of the Week - Optionszone.com Article